Hello and welcome to this beginner's guide series to graphic design.

From what graphic design is, skills to be a graphic designer, design theory, education you need, equipment you need to the graphic design portfolio and interview advice.

This series is for anyone at any level.

So if you're interested in graphic design and considering becoming graphic designer

join me as I discuss a series of graphic design topics.

So the graphic part of graphic design is made up of visual elements, the building blocks of design.

through the harness of our artistic expression we choose these visual elements

and arrange them on a surface in a layout to convey an idea.

The basic visual elements that combine to graphic design include the following:

Line, colour, shape, texture, space, form and typography.

Whatever work you produce be for a magazine a poster a website or an advertisement these visual elements will play a part in your design.

In this video I'm going to discuss the seventh key visual element and discuss typography as a visual element in graphic design.

In this video I'll be referring to some visual examples

If you wish to take a closer look at these, you can find them in the downloadable PDF document that accompanies the series

link is in the description.

So typography is one of the most commonly used elements in graphic design.

Type is the most direct way to communicate visually typically set either as headers or in paragraphs.

A single letter in a typeface is a combination of geometric and organic shapes which combined together to create a larger shape

in this case the letter R. This unique letter shape is an entity and is part of

a complete typeface made of other letter shapes. The characteristics of every typeface

can be broken down into what is known in design as the anatomy of type.

It's the type of shapes given to the anatomy of type in each letter that

gives the typeface its distinct look and feel.

Type is not simply about communicating words, words are important

but what can be equally as important is the style of those words the typeface

and the way they are arranged on a page. Typefaces can be part of a family of

various weights which can be used to express various tones or create visual hierarchy in the design.

Typefaces are like voices with accents and dialects

which have their own distinct pronunciations and characters

so typefaces don't just communicate literally they communicate visually

for this reason the choice of typeface used in the design is crucial to set the

intended look and feel, set a tone and add character to a piece of work.

Typefaces have evolved over time, the first type faces were designed to be practical

cut out of wooden blocks or cast in lead to work in a print press for mass production

Others have originated from various design movements

but what they all have in common is that they have all been created to fulfil a particular purpose

and express a particular look and feel. Today there are many categories of

typefaces such as serif, sans serif, slab serif, rounded, script, blackletter, decorative and abstract to name a few

with some sharing characteristics of various categories.

Design throughout history has celebrated the shape and form of type and has shown us that type

can be both functional and decorative. The way type has been arranged and the

relationship given to it to other elements in compositions has redefined the use of type in design.

So looking at the PDF here I have a few examples of functional and decorative typography.

The first set of examples showcase functional uses of type

all of these examples are used to inform and deliver a clear message.

The first example is a basic use of type justified and placed simply on a page as one block

this has a traditional feel with the use of its serif font.

The next two examples take the previous technique further

add more dynamics with more complex compositions, the examples show type in

columns and some type of elements have been increased and used in capitals to add contrast.

In the second example we have a mixture of type weights applied

to the header and sub headers to create contrast and hierarchy,

negative space has been considered to create structure and allow some type element to stand out

we also see some line elements that have been used to reinforce the visual

structure and layout with the headers and sub headers are used

the next example is simple yet dynamic, here we have a clean bold header with

justified type below in a block at a unique angle.

Overall this creates a nice contrast with direction and movement on the page.

The next example is simple and bold,

here we have a decorative font used for what could be a title or header of a magazine or booklet.

Under this we have a bold message capped into a space

sealed with two line bars top and bottom

the type has been carefully scaled to meet the same width of the top and bottom line bar.

Overall this feels bold rigid and strong, assertive.

In the last example we have a serif font with thick spines, thin cross bars with exaggerated serifs

this font feels quite classy and boutique

this has been used here in an interesting layout. Here we have some

larger line type to the top which defines the column widths of the type below

the smaller type runs alined left to each word in the larger type.

Here the contrast is not only in size but also in alignment which creates an overall dynamic layout.

So even though there are some creative aspects to these compositions

it is not enough to distract from the overall message

they only serve to complement and add sophistication to the message.

So the second set of examples showcase more creative uses of type. All of these

examples are used to inform but the priority is placed more on the creative aspect of the look and feel.

So the first examples show how print block

letters have been carefully chosen and arranged to look like a face.

Here not only are we looking at the type but also the shape and form and texture of the print blocks.

In the next example we have 3D degenerated type

unlike the functional 2D examples we have added form, shadow, perspective and depth to add visual factors which add dimension.

in the next example all emphasis is focused on the craft of the type

we are encouraged to see this as a piece of design art.

This is more about the beauty of the geometric shapes

the grid and the characteristics of the letter forms themselves.

Here the message is not what the type of saying but what the type of saying about itself.

So the next examples test the limits of order, alignment, legibility and contrast

here a lot of words pop out to us in no particular order. Due to the lack of order and focus

the types begin to merge together into an overall texture and shape on the page.

The next two examples take this to the next level

here we have almost no legibility of message to the point we stop looking for legibility

but get immersed in the hypnotic shapes.

These type compositions have become image textures and now we feel them as opposed to reading them.

So from a practical use to a more creative use.

In design type can be used to communicate literally and to tantalise the visual senses to engage emotionally.

So that is the seventh key visual element in graphic design.

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and you can also find me on twitter at TastyTuts.

In a previous video I mentioned that graphic design is made of two things:

visual elements and design principles.

over the past seven episodes we have been looking at the visual elements

now it's time to take a look at design principles. So over the next eight episode I'm going to be talking more

about design theory and talk in detail about design principles that make a piece of graphic design work.

So the key principles of design are contrast, hierarchy, alignment, balance, proximity, repetition, simplicity and function.

In the next video I'm going to start by talking about contrast as a design principle in graphic design.

So see in the next video!