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during the Kennedy administration and later enacted into law during the Johnson administration,
was that their stated purpose was a reduction of dependency, not simply the provision of
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  • 00:02

    Governmental policies designed to alleviate the privations of the poor go back much further

  • 00:07

    than President Johnson’s “war on poverty,” and of course reach far beyond the boundaries

  • 00:12

    of the United States.

  • 00:14

    What was different about this particular set of social programs, first proposed to Congress

  • 00:19

    during the Kennedy administration and later enacted into law during the Johnson administration,

  • 00:25

    was that their stated purpose was a reduction of dependency, not simply the provision of

  • 00:30

    more material goods to the poor.

  • 00:32

    This was the recurring theme of the “war on poverty,” from the time President Kennedy

  • 00:37

    introduced this legislation in 1962 until President Johnson saw it passed and signed

  • 00:43

    it into law in 1964.

  • 00:47

    John F. Kennedy stated the purpose of the “war on poverty” to be “to help our

  • 00:52

    less fortunate citizens to help themselves.”

  • 00:55

    He said: “We must find ways of returning far more of our dependent people to independence.”

  • 01:03

    The whole point of currently increased federal spending on this effort was “to strengthen

  • 01:09

    and broaden the rehabilitative and preventive services” offered to “persons who are

  • 01:14

    dependent or who would otherwise become dependent,” so that long-run savings in government spending

  • 01:20

    were expected from a subsequent decline in dependency.

  • 01:25

    As President Kennedy put it: Public welfare, in short, must be more than a salvage operation,

  • 01:31

    picking up the debris from the wreckage of human lives.

  • 01:35

    Its emphasis must be directed increasingly toward prevention and rehabilitation—on

  • 01:40

    reducing not only the long-range cost in budgetary terms but the long-range cost in human terms

  • 01:47

    as well.

  • 01:48

    The same theme of increased short-run spending for long-run savings, as a result of reduced

  • 01:53

    dependency, was a theme repeated in a New York Times editorial: President Kennedy’s

  • 02:00

    welfare message to Congress yesterday stems from a recognition that no lasting solution

  • 02:05

    to the problem can be bought with a relief check.

  • 02:09

    Financial help to the needy must be supplemented by a vastly expanded range of professional

  • 02:14

    and community services.

  • 02:16

    Their aim: to keep men, women and children from having to rely on public assistance by

  • 02:22

    making them useful, creative citizens.

  • 02:25

    The President does not pretend it will be cheap to provide the needed build-up in staff,

  • 02:30

    facilities and rehabilitation allowances.

  • 02:33

    The initial cost will actually be greater than the mere continuation of handouts.

  • 02:38

    The dividends will come in the restoration of individual dignity and in the long-run

  • 02:43

    reduction of the need for government help.

  • 02:46

    The Congressional Quarterly of the same date (February 2, 1962) likewise reported: “The

  • 02:54

    President stressed that the welfare program should be directed toward the prevention of

  • 02:59

    dependence and the rehabilitation of current relief recipients.”

  • 03:05

    The same theme carried over into the Johnson administration, where the antipoverty program

  • 03:09

    was sold as a way to “break the cycle of poverty” and to make “taxpayers out of

  • 03:15

    taxeaters.”

  • 03:16

    “Give a hand, not a handout” was the slogan of the “war on poverty.”

  • 03:23

    In keeping with that theme, President Johnson said in August 1964, when the legislation

  • 03:28

    was finally passed: “The days of the dole in our country are numbered.”

  • 03:34

    This initial thrust of the war on poverty programs must be clearly recognized at the

  • 03:39

    outset, for one of many responses to the failures of government programs has been to redefine

  • 03:45

    their goals after the fact, to make the programs look “successful.”

  • 03:50

    A subsidiary theme of the “war on poverty” was that social programs were a way of heading

  • 03:55

    off urban violence.

  • 03:57

    Lyndon Johnson spoke of “conditions that breed despair and violence.”

  • 04:02

    He said: All of us know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty,

  • 04:10

    disease, not enough jobs.

  • 04:14

    The same theme was echoed in the celebrated 1968 Kerner Commission report on ghetto riots,

  • 04:20

    which proclaimed that pervasive discrimination and segregation were “the source of the

  • 04:25

    deepest bitterness and lie at the center of the problem of racial disorder.”

  • 04:30

    The riots of 1967 were attributed to “the failure of all levels of government—Federal

  • 04:37

    and state as well as local—to come to grips with the problems of our cities.”

  • 04:42

    In keeping with this theme that bad social conditions and official neglect lead to despair,

  • 04:48

    which in turn leads to violence, civil rights leaders and other minority spokesmen began

  • 04:53

    regularly predicting “a long hot summer” of violence if their demands for more government

  • 04:59

    programs were not met.

  • 05:01

    Such predictions became a staple of political discourse and have remained so over the years.

  • 05:07

    Government agencies seeking to expand their budgets and extend their powers likewise encouraged

  • 05:13

    the belief that social programs reduced the incidence of riots and other violence, while

  • 05:19

    a reduction of such programs would escalate civil disorder.

  • 05:24

    A diametrically opposite set of beliefs and predictions came from critics of the “war

  • 05:28

    on poverty” proposals.

  • 05:31

    Senator Barry Goldwater predicted that these programs would “encourage poverty” by

  • 05:36

    encouraging “more and more people to move into the ranks of those being taken care of

  • 05:41

    by the government.”

  • 05:42

    Nor did he expect expanded social programs to lead to a more harmonious society, for

  • 05:48

    he saw their underlying philosophy as an “attempt to divide Americans” along class lines,

  • 05:55

    to “pigeon-hole people and make hyphenated Americans.”

  • 06:00

    As these programs got underway, the mayors of Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Detroit

  • 06:05

    blamed the “war on poverty” for “fostering class struggle” through its support of community

  • 06:11

    activists, radical intellectuals, and others with a vested interest in disaffection and

  • 06:17

    turmoil.

  • 06:18

    The assumption that initial increases in government spending on social programs would lead to

  • 06:23

    reduced spending in later years, as dependency declined, was likewise disputed by opponents

  • 06:29

    like columnist Henry Hazlitt, who said, “we can expect the price tag to increase geometrically

  • 06:35

    as the years go on.”

  • 06:37

    From an analytical standpoint, the issues were virtually ideal for testing: Two conflicting

  • 06:43

    sets of belief led logically to opposite conclusions, stated in terms that could be tested empirically.

  • 06:50

    Almost never, however, were such empirical tests made.

  • 06:54

    The views expressed in the vision of the anointed became axiomatic.

  • 06:59

    A re-examination of that vision, as it applied to the “war on poverty,” shows that it

  • 07:04

    went through the four stages already described: STAGE 1: THE “CRISIS”: Given that the

  • 07:10

    purpose of the “war on poverty” was to reduce dependency, the question is: How much

  • 07:16

    dependency was there at the time and was it increasing or decreasing before the new policies

  • 07:21

    were instituted?

  • 07:23

    In short, what was the “crisis” for which the anointed were proposing a “solution”?

  • 07:29

    As of the time the “war on poverty” programs began, the number of people who lived below

  • 07:34

    the official poverty line had been declining continuously since 1960, and was only about

  • 07:40

    half of what it had been in 1950.

  • 07:42

    On the more fundamental issue of dependency, the situation was even more clearly improving.

  • 07:49

    The proportion of people whose earnings put them below the poverty level without counting

  • 07:54

    government benefits declined by about one third from 1950 to 1965.

  • 08:00

    In short, dependency on government transfers as a means of warding off poverty was declining

  • 08:07

    when the “war on poverty” began.

  • 08:10

    STAGE 2: THE “SOLUTION”: The Economic Opportunity Act was passed in 1964, creating

  • 08:17

    the Office of Economic Opportunity, the “war on poverty” agency.

  • 08:22

    As an historian of poverty programs put it, “Congress was quick to buy a program that

  • 08:27

    might help welfare wither away.”

  • 08:30

    The Council of Economic Advisers declared, “conquest of poverty is well within our

  • 08:35

    power.”

  • 08:37

    STAGE 3: THE RESULTS: The percentage of people dependent upon the federal government to keep

  • 08:43

    above the poverty line increased.

  • 08:46

    Although the number of such dependent people had been declining for more than a decade

  • 08:51

    before the “war on poverty” programs began, this downward trend now reversed itself and

  • 08:57

    began rising within a few years after that program got underway.

  • 09:02

    Official poverty continued its decline for some time, as massive federal outlays lifted

  • 09:07

    many people above the official poverty line, but not out of dependency—the original goal.

  • 09:14

    Eventually, however, even official poverty began to rise, so that a larger number of

  • 09:19

    people were in poverty in 1992 than had been in poverty in 1964, when the “war on poverty”

  • 09:26

    began.

  • 09:27

    Although the Office of Economic Opportunity itself was modestly funded, by government

  • 09:32

    standards, it was a spearhead, a catalyst, and to some extent a coordinator of anti-poverty

  • 09:38

    programs in other agencies as well.

  • 09:41

    The massive expansion of anti-poverty social programs continued even after the Office of

  • 09:46

    Economic Opportunity was disbanded in 1974 and its programs were reassigned to other

  • 09:52

    agencies.

  • 09:54

    Over-all federal spending on programs for the poor escalated as eligibility rules for

  • 09:59

    welfare and Social Security were loosened, the size of benefits was increased, and unemployment

  • 10:05

    insurance was made more available to more people, and for longer periods of time.

  • 10:11

    Despite initial claims that various government services would lead to reduced federal outlays

  • 10:16

    on welfare programs as more people became selfsufficient, the very opposite happened.

  • 10:22

    The number of people receiving public assistance more than doubled from 1960 to 1977.

  • 10:29

    The dollar value of public housing rose nearly five-fold in a decade and the amount spent

  • 10:34

    on food stamps rose more than ten-fold.

  • 10:36

    All government-provided in-kind benefits increased about eight-fold from 1965 to 1969 and more

  • 10:45

    than 20-fold by 1974.

  • 10:48

    Federal spending on such social welfare programs not only rose in dollar terms and in real

  • 10:54

    terms, but also a percentage of the nation’s Gross National Product, going from 8 percent

  • 10:59

    of GNP in 1960 to 16 percent by 1974.

  • 11:05

    As for urban ghetto riots, they raged across the country during this era.

  • 11:10

    Later, they declined sharply after the beginning of the Nixon administration, which opposed

  • 11:16

    the whole “war on poverty” approach and eventually abolished the Office of Economic

  • 11:20

    Opportunity, which had been the spearhead of this program.

  • 11:24

    Still later, during the eight years of the Reagan presidency—supposedly the nadir of

  • 11:29

    neglect—major urban riots became virtually extinct.

  • 11:33

    The fact that the actual course of events followed a pattern diametrically the opposite

  • 11:38

    of what was assumed and proclaimed by those with the vision of the anointed made not the

  • 11:43

    slightest dent in the policies they advocated or in the assumptions behind those policies.

  • 11:49

    In this respect as in others, the vision of the anointed had achieved a sacrosanct status,

  • 11:55

    hermetically sealed off from the contaminating influence of facts.

  • 12:01

    STAGE 4: THE RESPONSE: The failure of the “war on poverty” to achieve its goal of

  • 12:07

    reducing dependency—and in fact an increasing dependency as these policies went into effect—brought

  • 12:14

    no acknowledgement of failure.

  • 12:15

    In the many retrospective evaluations of these programs in later years and decades, most

  • 12:21

    of their political and media proponents resolutely ignored the original goal of reducing dependency.

  • 12:27

    The goal was instead redefined as reducing poverty by transferring resources.

  • 12:33

    As former Johnson White House aide Hodding Carter III put it, “millions of people were

  • 12:38

    lifted out of poverty during the period, or had their plight considerably alleviated,

  • 12:44

    by government programs and public expenditures.”

  • 12:48

    A member of President Johnson’s Cabinet suggested yet another criterion of success:

  • 12:53

    “Ask the 11 million students who have received loans for their college education whether

  • 12:58

    the Higher Education Act failed.”

  • 13:02

    Similar questions were suggested for those who used a wide range of other government

  • 13:06

    programs.

  • 13:07

    In short, the test for whether a program was good for the country as a whole was whether

  • 13:12

    those who personally benefitted from it found it beneficial.

  • 13:16

    Yet a third line of defense of failed policies has been to claim moral merit for their good

  • 13:22

    intentions.

  • 13:24

    Hodding Carter III was only one of many to use this defense when he wrote of the “war

  • 13:29

    on poverty” as “a clear, steady trend away from the majority’s long and shameful

  • 13:35

    disregard of the other, hidden America of hard-core hopelessness.”

  • 13:42

    Related to the moral redemption of the uncaring masses was the excitement and inspiration

  • 13:47

    of the elite.

  • 13:49

    At a twentieth anniversary commemoration of the Johnson administration’s social programs,

  • 13:54

    another former aide to President Johnson referred to “the vision that excited and inspired

  • 14:00

    the nation.”

  • 14:01

    Mrs. Johnson spoke of the “sense of caring” and the “exhilaration” of her husband’s

  • 14:07

    efforts.

  • 14:08

    Finally, it was asserted that things would have been even worse, were it not for these

  • 14:12

    programs.

  • 14:13

    “The question is not what the bottom line is today—with poverty up—but where would

  • 14:18

    we be if we didn’t have these programs in place?” said Professor Sheldon Danziger,

  • 14:24

    Director of the University of Wisconsin’s Institute for Research on Poverty.

  • 14:28

    “I think we’d have poverty rates over 25 percent.”

  • 14:33

    Even though poverty and dependency were going down for years before the “war on poverty”

  • 14:38

    began, Professor Danziger chose to assert that poverty rates would have gone up.

  • 14:43

    There is no possible reply to these heads-I-win-and-tailsyou-lose assertions, except to note that they would

  • 14:50

    justify any policy on any subject anywhere, regardless of its empirically observed consequences.

  • 14:58

    In short, no matter what happens, the vision of the anointed always succeeds, if not by

  • 15:04

    the original criteria, then by criteria extemporized later—and if not by empirical criteria,

  • 15:11

    then by criteria sufficiently subjective to escape even the possibility of refutation.

  • 15:17

    Evidence becomes irrelevant.

All

The example sentences of PROVISION in videos (15 in total of 59)

how wh-adverb to to administer verb, base form the determiner river noun, singular or mass through preposition or subordinating conjunction a determiner pecos proper noun, singular river proper noun, singular master proper noun, singular 's possessive ending manual proper noun, singular and coordinating conjunction included verb, past tense the determiner provision noun, singular or mass
was verb, past tense that preposition or subordinating conjunction their possessive pronoun stated verb, past participle purpose noun, singular or mass was verb, past tense a determiner reduction noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction dependency noun, singular or mass , not adverb simply adverb the determiner provision noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction
and coordinating conjunction so adverb enjoyed verb, past tense provision noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner living verb, gerund or present participle water noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction life noun, singular or mass that preposition or subordinating conjunction flows noun, plural from preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner throne noun, singular or mass .
they personal pronoun were verb, past tense powered verb, past participle hydraulically adverb by preposition or subordinating conjunction a determiner pump noun, singular or mass on preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner engine noun, singular or mass , however adverb the determiner provision noun, singular or mass was verb, past tense also adverb
boat noun, singular or mass do verb, non-3rd person singular present some determiner laundry noun, singular or mass restock noun, singular or mass on preposition or subordinating conjunction some determiner need noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction boat noun, singular or mass supplies noun, plural and coordinating conjunction provision noun, singular or mass for preposition or subordinating conjunction our possessive pronoun
while preposition or subordinating conjunction i personal pronoun do verb, non-3rd person singular present believe verb, base form that determiner god proper noun, singular provides verb, 3rd person singular present for preposition or subordinating conjunction his possessive pronoun people noun, plural , and coordinating conjunction that determiner provision noun, singular or mass often adverb includes verb, 3rd person singular present
this determiner provision noun, singular or mass might modal save verb, base form many adjective persons noun, plural from preposition or subordinating conjunction misery noun, singular or mass , who wh-pronoun by preposition or subordinating conjunction some determiner unexpected adjective turn noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction fortune noun, singular or mass
and coordinating conjunction the determiner provision noun, singular or mass was verb, past tense made verb, past participle for preposition or subordinating conjunction additional adjective bombs noun, plural to to be verb, base form carried verb, past participle under preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner wing noun, singular or mass between preposition or subordinating conjunction
here adverb to to optimise verb, base form an determiner entire adjective system noun, singular or mass , to to optimise verb, base form the determiner use noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction renewable adjective energy noun, singular or mass for preposition or subordinating conjunction provision noun, singular or mass
of preposition or subordinating conjunction broad adjective public adjective universal adjective provision noun, singular or mass public adjective goods noun, plural and coordinating conjunction it personal pronoun 's verb, 3rd person singular present undoing verb, gerund or present participle the determiner very adverb thing noun, singular or mass we personal pronoun need verb, non-3rd person singular present
you personal pronoun want verb, non-3rd person singular present to to make verb, base form sure adjective you personal pronoun put verb, past tense a determiner prevailing verb, gerund or present participle party noun, singular or mass attorney noun, singular or mass fee noun, singular or mass provision noun, singular or mass in preposition or subordinating conjunction there existential there
provision noun, singular or mass for preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner restoration noun, singular or mass ah interjection that wh-determiner 's verb, 3rd person singular present great adjective they personal pronoun spent verb, past tense about preposition or subordinating conjunction 700 cardinal number 000 cardinal number on preposition or subordinating conjunction that determiner provision noun, singular or mass i personal pronoun 'll modal show verb, base form
it personal pronoun 's verb, 3rd person singular present much adverb more adjective, comparative cost noun, singular or mass effective adjective , and coordinating conjunction the determiner time noun, singular or mass to to provision noun, singular or mass with preposition or subordinating conjunction function proper noun, singular as preposition or subordinating conjunction a determiner service proper noun, singular
provision noun, singular or mass but coordinating conjunction the determiner provision noun, singular or mass did verb, past tense n't adverb come verb, base form when wh-adverb this determiner year noun, singular or mass began verb, past tense you personal pronoun did verb, past tense n't adverb think verb, base form it personal pronoun would modal be verb, base form a determiner season noun, singular or mass
the determiner feast proper noun, singular of preposition or subordinating conjunction tabernacles proper noun, singular is verb, 3rd person singular present a determiner joyful adjective time noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction celebrating verb, gerund or present participle yah proper noun, singular 's possessive ending provision noun, singular or mass for preposition or subordinating conjunction our possessive pronoun lives noun, plural .

Use "provision" in a sentence | "provision" example sentences

How to use "provision" in a sentence?

  • There must be provision for the child to have contact with nature; to understand and appreciate the order, the harmony and the beauty in nature.
    -Maria Montessori-
  • For the provision of God constantly to be at work in our lives we must activate the laws of God.
    -Phil Pringle-
  • We must always keep in mind all legitimate authority is from God, and is given for protection, provision, and peace.
    -John Bevere-
  • Make wisdom your provision for the journey from youth to old age, for it is a more certain support than all other possessions.
    -Bias of Priene-
  • Worship strengthens you. It gives you a sense of God's presence and ultimately His protection and provision.
    -T. D. Jakes-
  • Businesses large and small shouldn't have to check the expiration date of a tax provision to see if it's still good.
    -Michael Enzi-
  • Education is the best provision for old age.
    -Aristotle-
  • God's promise will bring your provision.
    -John Hagee-

Definition and meaning of PROVISION

What does "provision mean?"

/prəˈviZHən/

noun
Clause in a legal document.
verb
supply with food etc. for journey.

What are synonyms of "provision"?
Some common synonyms of "provision" are:
  • supplying,
  • supply,
  • providing,
  • purveying,
  • delivery,
  • furnishing,
  • equipping,
  • giving,
  • donation,
  • allocation,
  • distribution,
  • presentation,
  • facilities,
  • services,
  • amenities,

You can find detailed definitions of them on this page.