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  • 00:09

    Wine making. The practice of fermenting grape juice and turning it into wine has been around for thousands of years

  • 00:15

    But there are many nuances to this process and often different regions will have their own specific

  • 00:21

    processes and methods

  • 00:23

    Wine making has become an intricate and deeply personal process

  • 00:28

    Wine making practices in Burgundy are partially protected by appellation laws, though

  • 00:33

    Wine makers still have a large amount of control over their final decisions

  • 00:37

    For example in Burgundy the only two permitted grapes for making red wine at Pinot Noir and Gamay

  • 00:43

    With the latter only being used in the southern sub-regions

  • 00:48

    The wine making process begins with harvesting when the grapes have reached their optimal ripeness and balance between sugar and acidity levels

  • 00:56

    In Burgundy many of the top producers will harvest grapes by hand

  • 01:00

    However machine harvesting is also allowed for all wines, except Grand Cru

  • 01:06

    The harvested grapes will then go through a rigorous sorting process to make sure that only the best berries are sent for production

  • 01:13

    This sorting can either be done by hand or with a high-tech machine that removes unwanted berries

  • 01:20

    Once the grapes have been sorted they begin the process of vinification

  • 01:24

    fermenting grape juice to make wine

  • 01:28

    Firstly, grapes will be put into a vessel such as a stainless steel vat, cement tank or old oak cask

  • 01:35

    Traditionally grapes will be crushed before entering the vats to release their juice

  • 01:40

    however, many producers nowadays prefer to keep their grapes unbruised and uncrushed putting them into the vat as whole bunches including the

  • 01:47

    stems

  • 01:49

    This can change the structure and finesse of the tannins in the wine

  • 01:53

    once in the vat, the red grape juice along with grape skins, seeds and possibly stems will start the process of maceration which

  • 02:01

    Is the extraction of colour, flavour and tannins.

  • 02:06

    During maceration, alcoholic fermentation occurs either naturally or through the addition of selective yeasts to the vat.

  • 02:15

    Alcoholic fermentation is the process of yeast consuming the grapes natural sugars. There are three natural byproducts of fermentation:

  • 02:23

    ethanol, carbon dioxide and heat.

  • 02:28

    Whilst in the vat,

  • 02:29

    Wine makers may choose to increase the extraction of colour and tannins by either pumping over the must, which is the fermenting juice,

  • 02:36

    Or cap punching. Pushing the grape skins down into the liquid

  • 02:42

    This cap punching method known as Pigeage and French was traditionally done by a wine maker walking and stomping down on the grapes.

  • 02:50

    After alcoholic fermentation

  • 02:52

    The existing juice is removed from the skins and the skins go through a pressing process to release any additional juice.

  • 03:00

    In Burgundy many producers use a bladder press which is a very gentle process where grapes go into a tube with a bladder.

  • 03:08

    The bladder is filled with air, crushing the grapes and releasing any remaining juice

  • 03:14

    The wine will then be transferred into oak barrels

  • 03:17

    It's very easy to understand the fermenting process, when the grapes arrive

  • 03:22

    We press we extract the juice, the must. In the must we have a natural yeast and the yeast eats

  • 03:30

    the sugar and transform the sugar in alcohol

  • 03:33

    It's very simple. Does the fermentation process

  • 03:36

    stop naturally or do you have to stop it? This fermentation stops naturally because when the yeast don't have sugar

  • 03:43

    She dead and the fermentation stop naturally.

  • 03:48

    Once in the oak barrels the process of malolactic fermentation

  • 03:51

    occurs. During malolactic fermentation

  • 03:55

    Microorganisms naturally found in grape juice

  • 03:57

    Transformed tart malic acid found in green apples into soft lactic acid, which is found in milk

  • 04:05

    This process softens the wine and helps to give the wine a smoother texture

  • 04:10

    The wine is then left in oak barrels for maturation over a number of months during what is known as elevage.

  • 04:16

    This step is critical to the development of flavors and aromas in a red wine. In Burgundy, French oak barrels of

  • 04:24

    228 litres act as the perfect vessel for maturing the wine

  • 04:29

    Tiny pores in the would allow for micro oxygenation softening the wine and creating a smoother final product

  • 04:37

    So what are the different steps for fermenting a red wine? If you want red wine particularly with the Pinot Noir you need

  • 04:45

    colour and you don't have any colour in the juice

  • 04:48

    You need the skin. For the white wine, you press before the malolactic fermentation

  • 04:54

    And for the red wine you press after.

  • 04:58

    The grapes goes into big vats in native oak

  • 05:02

    But you do some different things during the fermentation for the red the pumping over

  • 05:09

    we do some pigeage and

  • 05:12

    When the alcoholic fermentation is completely finished

  • 05:15

    you press and

  • 05:17

    after the wine

  • 05:20

    go to

  • 05:21

    big barrels

  • 05:23

    The oak barrels used for maturation may be reused three to four times with newer oak having a larger impact on a wines flavour

  • 05:31

    on average wine makers will use more new oak for higher quality wines with a more complex and structured wine able to hold up to the

  • 05:39

    intensity of the new oak. In Burgundy's Cote

  • 05:41

    D'Or the richer red wines of the Cote de Nuit, tend to have more oak than in the Cote de Beaune

  • 05:47

    Maturation and these oak barrels for the best red Burgundy's may last fifteen to twenty four months

  • 05:54

    After the maturation phase the wine is transferred out of the oak barrels and back into a stainless steel vat

  • 06:00

    During what is known as racking and blending

  • 06:03

    Wines that are made up of different vineyard plots will all be blended together into the tank

  • 06:09

    The wine is often still cloudy at this point. So a process of fining may be done to remove the unwanted particles

  • 06:15

    Thus clarifying the liquid

  • 06:17

    Fining agents may be natural proteins such as those found in egg whites or fish though

  • 06:22

    Synthetic products can also be used most commonly in vegan wines

  • 06:27

    the final step of the process is

  • 06:29

    Filtration and bottling with the wines being transferred from tank to bottle and the final cork being added

  • 06:36

    Bottles are then labeled and ready for sale

  • 06:41

    The whole process of red wine making in Burgundy can take anywhere from a few months to well over two years

  • 06:47

    During this time

  • 06:48

    Wine makers need to make dozens,

  • 06:50

    If not hundreds of decisions along the way to ensure that they end up with the best possible final product

  • 06:57

    This is a simplistic

  • 06:58

    guideline to the production of the great red wines of Burgundy as

  • 07:01

    Each and every wine maker will adopt and employ their own techniques to create their own personal style

All

The example sentences of MACERATION in videos (4 in total of 5)

during preposition or subordinating conjunction maceration noun, singular or mass alcoholic adjective fermentation noun, singular or mass occurs verb, 3rd person singular present , either determiner naturally adverb or coordinating conjunction through preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner addition noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction selected verb, past participle yeasts noun, plural to to the determiner vat noun, singular or mass
during preposition or subordinating conjunction maceration noun, singular or mass , alcoholic adjective fermentation noun, singular or mass occurs verb, 3rd person singular present either determiner naturally adverb or coordinating conjunction through preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner addition noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction selective adjective yeasts noun, plural to to the determiner vat noun, singular or mass .
at preposition or subordinating conjunction time noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner impact noun, singular or mass , with preposition or subordinating conjunction resulting verb, gerund or present participle maceration noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner right adjective hemisphere noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner brain noun, singular or mass .
then adverb you personal pronoun ferment verb, non-3rd person singular present and coordinating conjunction then adverb after preposition or subordinating conjunction you personal pronoun ferment verb, non-3rd person singular present there existential there is verb, 3rd person singular present the determiner maceration noun, singular or mass period noun, singular or mass that wh-determiner 's verb, 3rd person singular present what wh-pronoun he personal pronoun 's verb, 3rd person singular present talking verb, gerund or present participle

Definition and meaning of MACERATION

What does "maceration mean?"

noun
Softening due to soaking or steeping.