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  • 00:00

    Today's video is sponsored by Squarespace.

  • 00:17

    In the marine ecosystem, migrations are a key to survival. By travelling to different

  • 00:24

    locations, animals stand better chances of finding food or a suitable place to breed and raise

  • 00:31

    their young. In the previous video, we explored the ecologically important 24 hour cycle of

  • 00:38

    predators and prey migrating between the surface and depths. But vertical migrations are not

  • 00:45

    the only journeys creatures of the deep undertake. In this video, we’ll take a look at the

  • 00:52

    migrations of nektonic organisms - animals that are able to actively swim and can undertake

  • 00:58

    large-scale journeys around the world, covering 

  • 01:04

    larger distances than  plankton and their predators.

  • 01:11

    With the ability to swim actively from one point to another, nektonic animals possess

  • 01:16

    the ideal adaptations needed to undertake extensive migrations. Recent technological

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    developments in wildlife tracking have given us an idea of when and why these migrations

  • 01:29

    occur. Notably, they appear to be seasonal, often taking place to and from annual feeding

  • 01:36

    or breeding grounds. But travelling such long distances comes at a cost. It requires a lot

  • 01:45

    of energy, and causes exposure to a number of risks. But such journeys allow animals

  • 01:52

    to make use of different habitats for different purposes. Often, the driving force behind

  • 02:00

    migrations is finding a breeding area safe from predators.

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    Whales infamously set out on these journeys. They are well-adapted to doing so, for growing

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    to such immense sizes enables them to lose less energy, and large fat reserves sustain

  • 02:19

    them for extended periods without needing to eat. A behavioural adaptation that whales

  • 02:25

    have developed is to travel in the direction of prevailing currents. A decision that greatly

  • 02:31

    minimises how much energy they use up. In a similar fashion, migratory fish like the

  • 02:37

    mako shark make use of ocean gyres. They adjust their depth to take advantage of counter-currents

  • 02:45

    that that run in different directions near the surface and at depth. This behaviour mirrors

  • 02:52

    aeroplanes saving time and fuel by flying with the jet stream.

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    Sometimes, marine animals might aim at specific targets such as oceanic islands. This is true

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    of sea turtles, which travel far and wide during their lives, but once mature they will

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    migrate thousands of miles to lay their eggs at the site where they themselves were hatched.

  • 03:33

    Studies into the long-distance movements of marine vertebrates have shown that oceanic

  • 03:40

    migrants likely rely on sophisticated means of navigation. Some, like the turtles, use

  • 03:49

    biological compasses to maintain direction in the open ocean. It has also been discovered

  • 03:55

    that sharks can detect and utilise the Earth’s magnetic field.

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    The largest vertebrates, the blue whale and the humpback whale, require enormous amounts

  • 04:11

    of food if they are to sustain themselves. This warrants a seasonal migration towards

  • 04:18

    polar regions. In particular, they travel to Antarctic waters to feed on the blooms

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    of krill that appear in the Spring and Summer. 

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    They gorge themselves non-stop, putting on

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    vast amounts of fat as blubber. For the Winter, the whales then move to warmer but less food

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    abundant waters, where they survive on their reserves of body fat. It is during this period

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    of the year when calves are born, and the fat reserves are used to produce nutrient-rich

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    milk for the suckling juveniles. Without their seasonal migrations to the krill blooms, the

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    whales would find it difficult to build up these vital stores. Survival would be far

  • 05:17

    more difficult.

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    By suckling, the young whales are able to grow strong enough to make their own long

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    journey to the poles. By the time a calf is mature at 12 years old, it may have already

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    travelled further than 100,000 kilometres. A distance equivalent to travelling around

  • 05:36

    the world two and a half times.

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    But equally remarkable is the ability of the far smaller sardine to brave the open ocean

  • 05:46

    in search of spawning grounds. Between May and July each year, millions of these fish

  • 05:53

    travel north along the East coast of South Africa to release their eggs. This phenomenon

  • 05:59

    is the great Sardine Run, during which the migrating fish come under relentless attack

  • 06:05

    from sharks, dolphins, seabirds, and whales. Though it might seem like a doomed mission

  • 06:13

    for the sardines, they, like many migrating animals, are driven by a single objective.

  • 06:21

    Perpetuating the species. Their reproductive instinct takes over that for survival and

  • 06:29

    drives them to swim headlong into danger - guided only by the prospect of scattering their eggs

  • 06:34

    in the spawning grounds.

  • 06:36

    It is the changes in  temperatures, food availability 

  • 06:39

    and the need to mate that drive such a large-scale

  • 06:42

    movement.

  • 06:45

    Although most nektonic animals are vertebrates, like whales and sharks, there are a few groups

  • 06:51

    of invertebrates that are good-enough swimmers to undergo migrations. Adaptations are fundamental

  • 06:58

    to whether an invertebrate is nektonic or planktonic. In the case of cephalopods like

  • 07:03

    squid, the ability to forcibly eject water from a siphon makes them excellent swimmers.

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    Overall, the seasonal migrations of pelagic creatures allow them to make use of the resources

  • 07:20

    and conditions of different marine habitats. Consequently, they increase their chances

  • 07:27

    of survival, making use of the adaptations that allow them to swim actively in order

  • 07:33

    to chase prey, follow weather systems, or give their young the best chances of survival.

  • 07:41

    Both large-scale seasonal migrations, and daily vertical journeys of plankton and their

  • 07:47

    predators represent the incredible ability of creatures to use environmental changes

  • 07:52

    to their advantage, moving to different areas where they can meet their needs.

All

The example sentences of IMMENSE in videos (15 in total of 264)

to to such adjective immense noun, singular or mass sizes noun, plural enables verb, 3rd person singular present them personal pronoun to to lose verb, base form less adjective, comparative energy noun, singular or mass , and coordinating conjunction large adjective fat adjective reserves noun, plural sustain verb, non-3rd person singular present
it personal pronoun is verb, 3rd person singular present an determiner immense noun, singular or mass psychic adjective beacon noun, singular or mass powered verb, past participle by preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner life noun, singular or mass force noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction 10,000 cardinal number psykers proper noun, singular , calibrated verb, past tense
as preposition or subordinating conjunction widely adverb known verb, past participle that determiner china proper noun, singular s proper noun, singular military adjective development noun, singular or mass has verb, 3rd person singular present undergone noun, singular or mass an determiner immense noun, singular or mass reform noun, singular or mass at preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner present adjective
router noun, singular or mass the determiner effort noun, singular or mass required verb, past participle for preposition or subordinating conjunction that determiner is verb, 3rd person singular present immense noun, singular or mass instead adverb we personal pronoun can modal extend verb, base form bgp proper noun, singular in preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner
and coordinating conjunction the determiner downswings noun, plural offer verb, non-3rd person singular present good adjective positive adjective gs proper noun, singular as preposition or subordinating conjunction well adjective thanks noun, plural to to the determiner ride noun, singular or mass s proper noun, singular immense noun, singular or mass speed noun, singular or mass .
universe noun, singular or mass which wh-determiner is verb, 3rd person singular present immense noun, singular or mass a determiner lot noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction this determiner is verb, 3rd person singular present performance noun, singular or mass but coordinating conjunction david noun, singular or mass believes verb, 3rd person singular present these determiner rituals noun, plural
and coordinating conjunction immense noun, singular or mass demand noun, singular or mass for preposition or subordinating conjunction housing noun, singular or mass and coordinating conjunction more adverb, comparative sustainable adjective building noun, singular or mass techniques noun, plural - the determiner pressure noun, singular or mass is verb, 3rd person singular present on preposition or subordinating conjunction to to
lucky proper noun, singular for preposition or subordinating conjunction us personal pronoun , since preposition or subordinating conjunction kam proper noun, singular s proper noun, singular legs noun, plural are verb, non-3rd person singular present made verb, past participle of preposition or subordinating conjunction glass noun, singular or mass , which wh-determiner can modal withstand verb, base form such adjective immense noun, singular or mass
state noun, singular or mass s proper noun, singular motto noun, singular or mass allures noun, plural to to the determiner immense noun, singular or mass power noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction atoms noun, plural , a determiner quote noun, singular or mass from preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner greek proper noun, singular philosopher noun, singular or mass
look verb, base form at preposition or subordinating conjunction its possessive pronoun immense noun, singular or mass size noun, singular or mass , it personal pronoun 's verb, 3rd person singular present immense noun, singular or mass presence noun, singular or mass that preposition or subordinating conjunction it personal pronoun must modal have verb, base form had verb, past participle in preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner sky noun, singular or mass
it personal pronoun had verb, past tense to to be verb, base form substantially adverb renovated verb, past participle because preposition or subordinating conjunction the determiner yellow proper noun, singular river proper noun, singular s proper noun, singular immense noun, singular or mass silt noun, singular or mass deposits noun, plural had verb, past tense reduced verb, past participle
language noun, singular or mass and coordinating conjunction they personal pronoun will modal really adverb have verb, base form an determiner immense noun, singular or mass impact noun, singular or mass on preposition or subordinating conjunction you personal pronoun that wh-determiner could modal be verb, base form a determiner
big proper noun, singular thunder proper noun, singular has verb, 3rd person singular present an determiner immense noun, singular or mass capacity noun, singular or mass , with preposition or subordinating conjunction each determiner train noun, singular or mass consisting verb, gerund or present participle of preposition or subordinating conjunction 15 cardinal number rows noun, plural that wh-determiner can modal
an determiner immense proper noun, singular exaggeration noun, singular or mass of preposition or subordinating conjunction people noun, plural , at preposition or subordinating conjunction most adjective, superlative , being verb, gerund or present participle somewhat adverb uppity noun, singular or mass about preposition or subordinating conjunction liking verb, gerund or present participle a determiner certain adjective show noun, singular or mass .
not adverb only adverb does verb, 3rd person singular present it personal pronoun require verb, non-3rd person singular present immense noun, singular or mass skill noun, singular or mass ,

Use "immense" in a sentence | "immense" example sentences

How to use "immense" in a sentence?

  • The only hope of preserving what is best, lies in the practice of an immense charity, a wide tolerance, a sincere respect for opinions that are not ours.
    -Philip Gilbert Hamerton-
  • Good hymns are an immense blessing to the Church. They train people for heaven, where praise is one of the principal occupations.
    -J. C. Ryle-
  • Immense wealth, and its lavish expenditure, fill the great house with all that can please the eye, or tempt the taste. Here, appetite, not food, is the great desideratum.
    -Frederick Douglass-
  • A good drawing has immense vitality because it is explanatory. In a good drawing even its faults have become virtues.
    -John French Sloan-
  • In love and friendship, small, steady payments on a gold basis are better than immense promissory notes.
    -Henry Van Dyke-
  • Working for incredible talents like Balenciaga and Antonio Castillo, I learned about the immense skill and creativity involved in couture work.
    -Oscar de la Renta-
  • The celebrated Adam Smith was the first to point out the immense increase of production, and the superior perfection of products referable to this division of labour.
    -Jean-Baptiste Say-
  • My love for you is immeasurable, my respect for you immense. You're ageless, timeless, lace and fineness, you're beauty and elegance.
    -Rod Stewart-

Definition and meaning of IMMENSE

What does "immense mean?"

/iˈmens/

adjective
Very great in size or amount.

What are synonyms of "immense"?
Some common synonyms of "immense" are:
  • huge,
  • vast,
  • massive,
  • enormous,
  • gigantic,
  • colossal,
  • cosmic,
  • great,
  • extensive,
  • expansive,
  • monumental,
  • towering,
  • mountainous,

You can find detailed definitions of them on this page.

What are antonyms of "immense"?
Some common antonyms of "immense" are:
  • tiny,

You can find detailed definitions of them on this page.