Hi guys, I'm Claire, host of this YouTube series and author of the website brilliantbotany.com.
Hi guys, I'm Claire, host of this YouTube series and author of the website brilliantbotany.com.

Today I'm going to be talking about some really cool research into mosses, fertilization and
Today I'm going to be talking about some really cool research into mosses, fertilization and

volatile compounds.
volatile compounds.

You're probably familiar with plant-pollinator relationships.
You're probably familiar with plant-pollinator relationships.

Pollinators, like bees, butterflies, bats or even lemurs, visit the flowers on angiosperms--flowering
Pollinators, like bees, butterflies, bats or even lemurs, visit the flowers on angiosperms--flowering

plants--and transfer pollen between them.
plants--and transfer pollen between them.

This allows that pollen to fertilize egg cells and further reproduction.
This allows that pollen to fertilize egg cells and further reproduction.

Flowers often offer incentives, like nectar, for pollinators and evolved things like bright
Flowers often offer incentives, like nectar, for pollinators and evolved things like bright

colors to attract their attention.
colors to attract their attention.

Hummingbirds, for example, are drawn to bright red flowers, like torch lilies, and bees follow
Hummingbirds, for example, are drawn to bright red flowers, like torch lilies, and bees follow

ultraviolet nectar guides when visiting flowers.
ultraviolet nectar guides when visiting flowers.

Mosses, however, are not angiosperms, so they don't have flowers.
Mosses, however, are not angiosperms, so they don't have flowers.

And if you'd like a quick intro to the moss life cycle, you can check out this video that
And if you'd like a quick intro to the moss life cycle, you can check out this video that

I made a few weeks ago.
I made a few weeks ago.

It has long been assumed that mosses are fertilized only with the help of water.
It has long been assumed that mosses are fertilized only with the help of water.

When it rains, the moss sperm cells swim through the water using their two flagellum to get
When it rains, the moss sperm cells swim through the water using their two flagellum to get

to egg cells and fertilize them.
to egg cells and fertilize them.

Recent research has shown, however, that springtails and mites aid in fertilization of mosses,
Recent research has shown, however, that springtails and mites aid in fertilization of mosses,

much like angiosperm pollinators.
much like angiosperm pollinators.

A study by Todd Rosenstiel and his team, published in Nature, has even shown that mosses produce
A study by Todd Rosenstiel and his team, published in Nature, has even shown that mosses produce

volatile compounds to attract microarthropods like springtails.
volatile compounds to attract microarthropods like springtails.

The study looked at the moss Ceradon purpureus and springtails, tiny arthropods that live
The study looked at the moss Ceradon purpureus and springtails, tiny arthropods that live

in leaf litter.
in leaf litter.

Researchers found that the moss produced sex-specific volatile scents, meaning that the male moss
Researchers found that the moss produced sex-specific volatile scents, meaning that the male moss

and the female moss produce different compounds.
and the female moss produce different compounds.

In part of the experiment, they gave springtails the choice between male moss and female moss,
In part of the experiment, they gave springtails the choice between male moss and female moss,

and found that springtails much preferred the compounds given off by female moss.
and found that springtails much preferred the compounds given off by female moss.

And finally, researchers compared fertilization rates in samples with and without water spray,
And finally, researchers compared fertilization rates in samples with and without water spray,

to simulate rain, or with and without springtails.
to simulate rain, or with and without springtails.

Both water and springtails separately increased fertilization rates, though springtails more-so.
Both water and springtails separately increased fertilization rates, though springtails more-so.

Having both water spray and springtails made the fertilization rates sky rocket.
Having both water spray and springtails made the fertilization rates sky rocket.

What this means is that having both rain and microarthropods like springtails is the optimum
What this means is that having both rain and microarthropods like springtails is the optimum

condition for fertilization in mosses.
condition for fertilization in mosses.

This makes sense, since mosses grow in the leaf litter, where microarthropods live, and
This makes sense, since mosses grow in the leaf litter, where microarthropods live, and

also in damp environments.
also in damp environments.

This is exciting because we already have research that shows that some angiosperms give off
This is exciting because we already have research that shows that some angiosperms give off

scents to attract pollinators, but research into this type of relationship in mosses is
scents to attract pollinators, but research into this type of relationship in mosses is

new.
new.

It's amazing as small as springtails, which are only a few millimeters long, and mosses
It's amazing as small as springtails, which are only a few millimeters long, and mosses

can this complex of a relationship.
can this complex of a relationship.

If you have any questions about mosses, plants or pollinators, please let me know.
If you have any questions about mosses, plants or pollinators, please let me know.

This has been Brilliant Botany Episode Ten, thank you for watching.
This has been Brilliant Botany Episode Ten, thank you for watching.

Don't forget to like and subscribe, and I'll see you next time.
Don't forget to like and subscribe, and I'll see you next time.