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  • 00:02

    On October* 30th 1961 at the cape of severney  island nova zembla the soviet union tested the  
    On October* 30th 1961 at the cape of severney  island nova zembla the soviet union tested the  

  • 00:09

    most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever created  the tsar bomba code name ivan its powerful blast  
    most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever created  the tsar bomba code name ivan its powerful blast  

  • 00:18

    yielded an unparalleled 50 megatons enough to  annihilate anything in a 35 kilometer radius  
    yielded an unparalleled 50 megatons enough to  annihilate anything in a 35 kilometer radius  

  • 00:28

    the explosion was so powerful that the light and  sound of the blast could be seen and heard from  
    the explosion was so powerful that the light and  sound of the blast could be seen and heard from  

  • 00:33

    up to 900 kilometers away the heat from the  explosion was so strong that it could cause  
    up to 900 kilometers away the heat from the  explosion was so strong that it could cause  

  • 00:39

    third-degree burns as far as 100 kilometers  from ground zero its mushroom cloud could be  
    third-degree burns as far as 100 kilometers  from ground zero its mushroom cloud could be  

  • 00:45

    seen from as far as 161 kilometers  away a truly horrifying spectacle
    seen from as far as 161 kilometers  away a truly horrifying spectacle

  • 00:55

    as far as powerful bombs go the tsar bomba set the  record for the most potent ever detonated except  
    as far as powerful bombs go the tsar bomba set the  record for the most potent ever detonated except  

  • 01:03

    it pales in comparison to the most powerful  explosive known to mankind with its core no  
    it pales in comparison to the most powerful  explosive known to mankind with its core no  

  • 01:10

    bigger than a pinhead what would happen if instead  of uranium plutonium and hydrogen the substance is  
    bigger than a pinhead what would happen if instead  of uranium plutonium and hydrogen the substance is  

  • 01:18

    used something so powerful that science fiction  calls it the doomsday weapon destroyer of planets  
    used something so powerful that science fiction  calls it the doomsday weapon destroyer of planets  

  • 01:31

    hello everyone subject zero here neutrons  are subatomic particles that have neutral  
    hello everyone subject zero here neutrons  are subatomic particles that have neutral  

  • 01:40

    charge they have slightly greater mass than  protons and constitute the nuclei of atoms  
    charge they have slightly greater mass than  protons and constitute the nuclei of atoms  

  • 01:46

    they are roughly encountered in similar  proportions usually 50/50. Neutrons can only exist  
    they are roughly encountered in similar  proportions usually 50/50. Neutrons can only exist  

  • 01:53

    either by sharing space in nuclei where the  strong force helps maintain its characteristics  
    either by sharing space in nuclei where the  strong force helps maintain its characteristics  

  • 01:59

    or with a whole lot of gravity which is the  case of a neutron star you see free neutrons  
    or with a whole lot of gravity which is the  case of a neutron star you see free neutrons  

  • 02:05

    won't last long by themselves typically their  half-life is about 611 seconds or a little over  
    won't last long by themselves typically their  half-life is about 611 seconds or a little over  

  • 02:12

    10 minutes and in that time one single neutron  releases 1 million electron volts but how much  
    10 minutes and in that time one single neutron  releases 1 million electron volts but how much  

  • 02:19

    energy is that to answer this question we first  need to establish a comparison benchmark with tnt
    energy is that to answer this question we first  need to establish a comparison benchmark with tnt

  • 02:28

    trinitrotoluene is a yellow solid best  known for its explosive applications  
    trinitrotoluene is a yellow solid best  known for its explosive applications  

  • 02:33

    it was first synthesized back in 1863  by german chemist julius wilbrand  
    it was first synthesized back in 1863  by german chemist julius wilbrand  

  • 02:40

    ironically it was first used as a yellow  dye and only recognized as an explosive  
    ironically it was first used as a yellow  dye and only recognized as an explosive  

  • 02:45

    30 years later due to its stability and power it  quickly became the most used chemical compound  
    30 years later due to its stability and power it  quickly became the most used chemical compound  

  • 02:52

    for explosive applications running from the  military to industrial and mining operations  
    for explosive applications running from the  military to industrial and mining operations  

  • 02:58

    tnt is considered the standard comparative for  bombs and destructiveness of war explosives it  
    tnt is considered the standard comparative for  bombs and destructiveness of war explosives it  

  • 03:05

    is common to see references of kilotons and  megatons of tnt equivalent like the hiroshima  
    is common to see references of kilotons and  megatons of tnt equivalent like the hiroshima  

  • 03:11

    bomb little boy with 15 kilotons and nagasaki's  fat man with 21 kilotons to understand how they  
    bomb little boy with 15 kilotons and nagasaki's  fat man with 21 kilotons to understand how they  

  • 03:18

    equate tnt and atomic bombs we first need  to grasp what a unit of tnt is capable of  
    equate tnt and atomic bombs we first need  to grasp what a unit of tnt is capable of  

  • 03:26

    one kilogram of tnt has an energy density of  4.2 megajoules which is equivalent to over 1  
    one kilogram of tnt has an energy density of  4.2 megajoules which is equivalent to over 1  

  • 03:33

    kilowatt hour with an average household in the  u.s consuming 11 megawatt hour per year that is  
    kilowatt hour with an average household in the  u.s consuming 11 megawatt hour per year that is  

  • 03:39

    enough energy to power it for one hour the heat of  combustion when detonated produces 14.5 megajoules  
    enough energy to power it for one hour the heat of  combustion when detonated produces 14.5 megajoules  

  • 03:47

    equivalent to four kilowatt hour it can power  that same house for a little less than four hours  
    equivalent to four kilowatt hour it can power  that same house for a little less than four hours  

  • 03:54

    little boy's 15 kilotons of tnt equivalent  had an energy density of 63 terajoules  
    little boy's 15 kilotons of tnt equivalent  had an energy density of 63 terajoules  

  • 04:01

    equivalent to 17.5 gigawatt hour that is enough  energy to power over 1600 houses for one year  
    equivalent to 17.5 gigawatt hour that is enough  energy to power over 1600 houses for one year  

  • 04:10

    the heat released by the bomb could power even  more at 60.5 gigawatt hour it could power more  
    the heat released by the bomb could power even  more at 60.5 gigawatt hour it could power more  

  • 04:16

    or less 5500 homes for one year nagasaki's fat man  adds a little more power or 88.3 tera joules with  
    or less 5500 homes for one year nagasaki's fat man  adds a little more power or 88.3 tera joules with  

  • 04:25

    a 24.5 gigawatt hour equivalence enough to power a  little over 2200 homes or almost 7 700 homes with  
    a 24.5 gigawatt hour equivalence enough to power a  little over 2200 homes or almost 7 700 homes with  

  • 04:33

    its heat energy of 84.6 gigawatt-hour equivalent  in terms of destructiveness both bombs combined  
    its heat energy of 84.6 gigawatt-hour equivalent  in terms of destructiveness both bombs combined  

  • 04:41

    would be able to vaporize almost 60 million liters  of water that is equivalent to 23 olympic pools  
    would be able to vaporize almost 60 million liters  of water that is equivalent to 23 olympic pools  

  • 04:49

    or 970 000 average male adults instantly at blast  radius the tsar bomba multiplies those numbers by  
    or 970 000 average male adults instantly at blast  radius the tsar bomba multiplies those numbers by  

  • 04:59

    almost 1400 times that means over 32 000 olympic  pools and 1.35 billion average male adults  
    almost 1400 times that means over 32 000 olympic  pools and 1.35 billion average male adults  

  • 05:09

    as we can see we could kill over 1 7th  of the population on earth if everybody  
    as we can see we could kill over 1 7th  of the population on earth if everybody  

  • 05:14

    was stacked on top of each other luckily that  is not the case but is there a way to be more  
    was stacked on top of each other luckily that  is not the case but is there a way to be more  

  • 05:21

    destructive well a single neutron releases about  1 million electron volts which is insignificant  
    destructive well a single neutron releases about  1 million electron volts which is insignificant  

  • 05:29

    but if we had let's say 1 kilogram then  things become a bit more interesting in this  
    but if we had let's say 1 kilogram then  things become a bit more interesting in this  

  • 05:35

    calculations we assume that 1 gram of neutron  has 6 times 10 to the 23rd number of particles  
    calculations we assume that 1 gram of neutron  has 6 times 10 to the 23rd number of particles  

  • 05:41

    by that we can calculate the energy multiplying  the result by 1 million electron volt then we  
    by that we can calculate the energy multiplying  the result by 1 million electron volt then we  

  • 05:47

    convert the results into joules and divide it by  the total energy of one ton of tnt at the end of  
    convert the results into joules and divide it by  the total energy of one ton of tnt at the end of  

  • 05:53

    one kilogram total decay the full energy released  would be equivalent to 11.5 kilotons of tnt that  
    one kilogram total decay the full energy released  would be equivalent to 11.5 kilotons of tnt that  

  • 06:01

    is almost as powerful as the first nuclear bomb  detonated little boy though it releases almost the  
    is almost as powerful as the first nuclear bomb  detonated little boy though it releases almost the  

  • 06:07

    same energy as the first nuclear weapons i must  point out that the explosion would not be the same  
    same energy as the first nuclear weapons i must  point out that the explosion would not be the same  

  • 06:14

    as neutrons decay it will release all that energy  throughout its half-lives curiously enough it  
    as neutrons decay it will release all that energy  throughout its half-lives curiously enough it  

  • 06:20

    would be releasing energy for about 15 half-lives  or two and a half hours however there is a caveat  
    would be releasing energy for about 15 half-lives  or two and a half hours however there is a caveat  

  • 06:27

    its density how dense is it you may ask well  neutronium is so dense the 5 cubic centimeters  
    its density how dense is it you may ask well  neutronium is so dense the 5 cubic centimeters  

  • 06:35

    of it would weigh 5.5 trillion kilograms  that is equivalent to 900 pyramids of giza  
    of it would weigh 5.5 trillion kilograms  that is equivalent to 900 pyramids of giza  

  • 06:43

    on a teaspoon the substance is believed to exist  as the core of neutron stars i must also point out  
    on a teaspoon the substance is believed to exist  as the core of neutron stars i must also point out  

  • 06:52

    that neutrons have weak interaction with matter  so capturing them would only be possible through  
    that neutrons have weak interaction with matter  so capturing them would only be possible through  

  • 06:57

    using an anti-gravity stasis field something  straight out of a science fiction book  
    using an anti-gravity stasis field something  straight out of a science fiction book  

  • 07:03

    this is necessary for two reasons one to stop  neutrons from decaying and also second to hold  
    this is necessary for two reasons one to stop  neutrons from decaying and also second to hold  

  • 07:09

    them against gravity we also need to keep in  mind that this substance would be in the form  
    them against gravity we also need to keep in  mind that this substance would be in the form  

  • 07:14

    of a degenerate neutron gas not solid for the  sake of an argument let's assume that we do have  
    of a degenerate neutron gas not solid for the  sake of an argument let's assume that we do have  

  • 07:21

    the machine and let's name it zadina also i will  not consider factors like gravitational pull or  
    the machine and let's name it zadina also i will  not consider factors like gravitational pull or  

  • 07:27

    pressure among other things i will only focus on  the total energy of the system for my calculations  
    pressure among other things i will only focus on  the total energy of the system for my calculations  

  • 07:34

    lastly let's also assume that  the anti-gravity stasis field  
    lastly let's also assume that  the anti-gravity stasis field  

  • 07:38

    will fail at four kilometers above the surface  how much damage would a teaspoon of neutronium  
    will fail at four kilometers above the surface  how much damage would a teaspoon of neutronium  

  • 07:45

    cause to the planet using the same calculation  logic as before you will arrive at this number
    cause to the planet using the same calculation  logic as before you will arrive at this number

  • 07:54

    this is tons of tnt equivalent to pretty much  all people on planet earth this number makes  
    this is tons of tnt equivalent to pretty much  all people on planet earth this number makes  

  • 08:01

    no sense so let's break it down to more  sensible stuff a good way to look at it  
    no sense so let's break it down to more  sensible stuff a good way to look at it  

  • 08:07

    would be to compare to the most iconic asteroid  impact to ever hit earth the chick-slip impactor  
    would be to compare to the most iconic asteroid  impact to ever hit earth the chick-slip impactor  

  • 08:14

    the asteroid that caused the extinction of the  dinosaurs estimations put the asteroid in between  
    the asteroid that caused the extinction of the  dinosaurs estimations put the asteroid in between  

  • 08:20

    11 and 81 kilometers in diameter the impact is  estimated to be in between 1.3 to 58 yard joules  
    11 and 81 kilometers in diameter the impact is  estimated to be in between 1.3 to 58 yard joules  

  • 08:28

    that is 1.3 followed by 24 zeros that much energy  created a crater 150 kilometers in diameter and  
    that is 1.3 followed by 24 zeros that much energy  created a crater 150 kilometers in diameter and  

  • 08:38

    20 kilometers deep five cubic centimeters of  neutrons is 200 times more energy dense than  
    20 kilometers deep five cubic centimeters of  neutrons is 200 times more energy dense than  

  • 08:45

    the chick syllable over estimated impact energy  and four and a half times at the higher end  
    the chick syllable over estimated impact energy  and four and a half times at the higher end  

  • 08:51

    ignoring the fact that not all energy would  be released through impact if it were we could  
    ignoring the fact that not all energy would  be released through impact if it were we could  

  • 08:56

    extrapolate that salina would make a crater 675  kilometers in diameter and 90 kilometers deep  
    extrapolate that salina would make a crater 675  kilometers in diameter and 90 kilometers deep  

  • 09:06

    another way to look at it would  be if we were to take its first  
    another way to look at it would  be if we were to take its first  

  • 09:09

    half-life energy and then divide it by the number  of seconds it takes for one half-life to pass  
    half-life energy and then divide it by the number  of seconds it takes for one half-life to pass  

  • 09:15

    at the very first second the energy released  by zadina would be equivalent to 2 million czar  
    at the very first second the energy released  by zadina would be equivalent to 2 million czar  

  • 09:21

    bombas the total area of destruction of the  tsar bomba is 3 850 kilometers square zarina  
    bombas the total area of destruction of the  tsar bomba is 3 850 kilometers square zarina  

  • 09:29

    would have enough power to destroy the entire  surface of the planet on the very first second
    would have enough power to destroy the entire  surface of the planet on the very first second

  • 09:39

    16 times over
    16 times over

  • 09:45

    and that would keep happening for the next 610  seconds until its power is halved by only eight  
    and that would keep happening for the next 610  seconds until its power is halved by only eight  

  • 09:53

    times over by the time it would take to reach low  levels the planet has already been through nine  
    times over by the time it would take to reach low  levels the planet has already been through nine  

  • 09:59

    and a half hours of extreme destruction even at  this point the energy being released per second  
    and a half hours of extreme destruction even at  this point the energy being released per second  

  • 10:05

    would still be equivalent to 1.5 kilotons of tnt  it would take five more hours for the remaining  
    would still be equivalent to 1.5 kilotons of tnt  it would take five more hours for the remaining  

  • 10:12

    energy to be released and reach meaningless  levels totaling 14 and a half hours of pure  
    energy to be released and reach meaningless  levels totaling 14 and a half hours of pure  

  • 10:18

    hell by the end of this event everything  is destroyed however only 11 percent of  
    hell by the end of this event everything  is destroyed however only 11 percent of  

  • 10:26

    the ocean's water have evaporated at least some  good news alright folks that's it we're done here
    the ocean's water have evaporated at least some  good news alright folks that's it we're done here

All

This is the BOMB to worry about

8,284,028 views

Video Language:

  • English

Caption Language:

  • English (en)

Accent:

  • English (CA)

Speech Time:

91%
  • 10:08 / 11:04

Speech Rate:

  • 142 wpm - Conversational

Category:

  • Science & Technology

Intro:

On October* 30th 1961 at the cape of severney  island nova zembla the soviet union tested the  
most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever created  the tsar bomba code name ivan its powerful blast  
yielded an unparalleled 50 megatons enough to  annihilate anything in a 35 kilometer radius  
the explosion was so powerful that the light and  sound of the blast could be seen and heard from  
up to 900 kilometers away the heat from the  explosion was so strong that it could cause  
third-degree burns as far as 100 kilometers  from ground zero its mushroom cloud could be  
seen from as far as 161 kilometers  away a truly horrifying spectacle
as far as powerful bombs go the tsar bomba set the  record for the most potent ever detonated except  
it pales in comparison to the most powerful  explosive known to mankind with its core no  
bigger than a pinhead what would happen if instead  of uranium plutonium and hydrogen the substance is  
used something so powerful that science fiction  calls it the doomsday weapon destroyer of planets  
hello everyone subject zero here neutrons  are subatomic particles that have neutral  
charge they have slightly greater mass than  protons and constitute the nuclei of atoms  
they are roughly encountered in similar  proportions usually 50/50. Neutrons can only exist  
either by sharing space in nuclei where the  strong force helps maintain its characteristics  
or with a whole lot of gravity which is the  case of a neutron star you see free neutrons  
won't last long by themselves typically their  half-life is about 611 seconds or a little over  
10 minutes and in that time one single neutron  releases 1 million electron volts but how much  
energy is that to answer this question we first  need to establish a comparison benchmark with tnt
trinitrotoluene is a yellow solid best  known for its explosive applications  

Video Vocabulary

/ɡrāt/

adjective

Larger in size or number.

/stəˈbilədē/

noun

Quality or state of being even or consistent.

/ˈsekənd/

number other verb

constituting number two in sequence. Units of time; one sixtieth of a minute. formally support or endorse as necessary preliminary to adoption.

/əˈstabliSH/

verb

To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity.

/ˈben(t)SHmärk/

noun verb

Standard by which other similar things are judged. evaluate something by comparison with benchmark.

/ikˈsplōZHən/

noun

act of exploding.

/ˈrəflē/

adverb

Approximately; (of numbers) about; around.

/mānˈtān/

verb

To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing.

/kənˈsidərd/

adjective verb

having been thought about carefully. To think carefully about something.

/ˈhärifīiNG/

adjective verb

Scary; very shocking. To cause someone to feel horror or shock.

/ˈrekəɡˌnīz/

verb

To remember because you have met it before.

/ˈprōˌtän/

noun other

stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with positive electric charge equal in magnitude. Tiny part of atom with positive electrical charge.