If you’ve just watched The Matrix or you’re a Californian who has gone a little overboard
If you’ve just watched The Matrix or you’re a Californian who has gone a little overboard

on the weed legalization celebrations, you might be wondering; how do I know that I’m
on the weed legalization celebrations, you might be wondering; how do I know that I’m

not just part of a computer simulation?
not just part of a computer simulation?

Does Super Mario think it’s pretty standard to be attacked by suicidal turtles all day?
Does Super Mario think it’s pretty standard to be attacked by suicidal turtles all day?

Maybe Kimmy from Candy Crush, never wonders why she isn’t riddled with diabetes.
Maybe Kimmy from Candy Crush, never wonders why she isn’t riddled with diabetes.

It might seem obvious to us that they are completely virtual but who’s to say that
It might seem obvious to us that they are completely virtual but who’s to say that

we aren’t part of a giant simulation?
we aren’t part of a giant simulation?

Maybe we’re all NPCs in a computer game So, let’s take the red pill and the blue
Maybe we’re all NPCs in a computer game So, let’s take the red pill and the blue

pill at the same time, because screw you Morpheus, as we ask ourselves; is anything real?
pill at the same time, because screw you Morpheus, as we ask ourselves; is anything real?

Thanks to science fiction, we often associate simulated realities with computers, but doubting
Thanks to science fiction, we often associate simulated realities with computers, but doubting

reality is far from a new thing.
reality is far from a new thing.

The Greek philosopher Plato, who lived around 2500 years ago, wrote about the concept in
The Greek philosopher Plato, who lived around 2500 years ago, wrote about the concept in

his work the Republic.
his work the Republic.

He pictured a cave with prisoners chained to the wall and all they ever saw were the
He pictured a cave with prisoners chained to the wall and all they ever saw were the

shadows of others passing in front of a fire, projected up onto the wall in front of them.
shadows of others passing in front of a fire, projected up onto the wall in front of them.

This is the only life the prisoners had ever known and so they would understandably believe
This is the only life the prisoners had ever known and so they would understandably believe

that the shadows were actual people.
that the shadows were actual people.

It’s similar to the modern world where we look mainly at people’s virtual lives, though
It’s similar to the modern world where we look mainly at people’s virtual lives, though

social media, and we think of their actual lives as far more exciting than our own, when
social media, and we think of their actual lives as far more exciting than our own, when

in fact they are having the same terrible time that we all are having.
in fact they are having the same terrible time that we all are having.

The real problem comes with this definition of “I”.
The real problem comes with this definition of “I”.

“cogito ergo sum” – I think therefore I am – but that doesn’t help us prove
“cogito ergo sum” – I think therefore I am – but that doesn’t help us prove

WHAT you are.
WHAT you are.

Master Chief exists but he’s just a bunch of code I can control…
Master Chief exists but he’s just a bunch of code I can control…

John Locke, pointed out that we could never actually know the real essence of anything,
John Locke, pointed out that we could never actually know the real essence of anything,

we could only deal with its nominal essence, meaning what we actually experience of it,
we could only deal with its nominal essence, meaning what we actually experience of it,

rather than the whole picture.
rather than the whole picture.

He said it was like looking at a clock face; all you can see is the time it shows, you
He said it was like looking at a clock face; all you can see is the time it shows, you

don’t have any idea what cogs and wires are behind it, making it work.
don’t have any idea what cogs and wires are behind it, making it work.

So as much as we believe we know how the universe works behind the scenes, we’re still really
So as much as we believe we know how the universe works behind the scenes, we’re still really

just clueless puppets.
just clueless puppets.

Everything you experience comes in through your various senses, such as your sense of
Everything you experience comes in through your various senses, such as your sense of

smell, sense of touch, etc.
smell, sense of touch, etc.

But at the end of the day, all of these senses end up as electrical impulses in your brain.
But at the end of the day, all of these senses end up as electrical impulses in your brain.

Daniel Kish had his eyes removed at just 13 months old, due to retinal cancer, and from
Daniel Kish had his eyes removed at just 13 months old, due to retinal cancer, and from

a young age he trained himself to echolocate, using clicks with his tongue and listening
a young age he trained himself to echolocate, using clicks with his tongue and listening

for the echo.
for the echo.

He became so proficient at this that he was able to mountain-bike and tell the difference
He became so proficient at this that he was able to mountain-bike and tell the difference

between surfaces such as metal and wood.
between surfaces such as metal and wood.

And when neurologists tested him, they found that his visual cortex was being activated,
And when neurologists tested him, they found that his visual cortex was being activated,

so he was really seeing objects using sound, not just hearing them, the brain had just
so he was really seeing objects using sound, not just hearing them, the brain had just

swapped around some of the inputs.
swapped around some of the inputs.

Your body also senses an astonishing amount of data, more than you could ever realistically
Your body also senses an astonishing amount of data, more than you could ever realistically

process.
process.

So if you wanted to create a fake reality, you wouldn’t need to program in every tiny
So if you wanted to create a fake reality, you wouldn’t need to program in every tiny

detail, since only a small fraction would be experienced by the user at any one time.
detail, since only a small fraction would be experienced by the user at any one time.

Right now there is air pressure acting on every millimeter of your body, there’s light
Right now there is air pressure acting on every millimeter of your body, there’s light

bouncing off objects from countless things outside of this screen you’re staring at,
bouncing off objects from countless things outside of this screen you’re staring at,

and that strange pain in your elbow… well I don’t know what that is and you should
and that strange pain in your elbow… well I don’t know what that is and you should

probably get it checked out.
probably get it checked out.

And this is why we have pain, it’s like a red flag that makes you pay attention to
And this is why we have pain, it’s like a red flag that makes you pay attention to

one specific area of your body, because if you listened to all parts of your body, all
one specific area of your body, because if you listened to all parts of your body, all

the time, your brain would simply be overwhelmed with information.
the time, your brain would simply be overwhelmed with information.

So then, let’s take this a step further.
So then, let’s take this a step further.

If perception is just electric impulses in your brain then your brain is also just a
If perception is just electric impulses in your brain then your brain is also just a

lump of quite fancy meat, full of electrical impulses.
lump of quite fancy meat, full of electrical impulses.

Any idiot with some bacon and a Taser can recreate that.
Any idiot with some bacon and a Taser can recreate that.

So surely your consciousness is more than just the material that makes up your brain,
So surely your consciousness is more than just the material that makes up your brain,

isn’t it?
isn’t it?

We call these things; substrate independent.
We call these things; substrate independent.

This means something that is more than the stuff it is made up of.
This means something that is more than the stuff it is made up of.

Waves are a good example of this.
Waves are a good example of this.

If you see a wave on the ocean, it has amplitude, frequency, things like that.
If you see a wave on the ocean, it has amplitude, frequency, things like that.

And these properties are not a part of the sea water, they are part of the wave and independent
And these properties are not a part of the sea water, they are part of the wave and independent

from the water.
from the water.

So the bacon and Taser combination may produce some similar matter to a brain but it’s
So the bacon and Taser combination may produce some similar matter to a brain but it’s

not going to create the same conscious thoughts like “what is love?” and “what was that
not going to create the same conscious thoughts like “what is love?” and “what was that

thing I was supposed to be doing right now?” and “why don’t electric eels electrocute
thing I was supposed to be doing right now?” and “why don’t electric eels electrocute

themselves?”
themselves?”

…Seriously, why is that?
…Seriously, why is that?

So even if your brain isn’t meat, if it’s just a sting of code written by some scientist,
So even if your brain isn’t meat, if it’s just a sting of code written by some scientist,

or alien, or a 2038 iphone app, that’s not to say that your consciousness isn’t a real
or alien, or a 2038 iphone app, that’s not to say that your consciousness isn’t a real

thing.
thing.

All your ideas could be unique and original… okay, relatively original at least.
All your ideas could be unique and original… okay, relatively original at least.

Coding doesn’t mean that your every thought has already been decided, just that the initial
Coding doesn’t mean that your every thought has already been decided, just that the initial

conditions have been set.
conditions have been set.

And this leads us to our own AI.
And this leads us to our own AI.

As we build more and more advanced programs, it makes the likelihood that we’re in a
As we build more and more advanced programs, it makes the likelihood that we’re in a

simulation seem even higher.
simulation seem even higher.

Just think about it, if we can code simulated brains, what’s to say we aren’t already
Just think about it, if we can code simulated brains, what’s to say we aren’t already

part of one.
part of one.

Elon Musk once said it’s only about a one in a billion chance that we’re not in a
Elon Musk once said it’s only about a one in a billion chance that we’re not in a

simulation.
simulation.

And he’s a pretty switched-on guy.
And he’s a pretty switched-on guy.

In fact, it may only be by creating our own simulations that we are able to really test
In fact, it may only be by creating our own simulations that we are able to really test

our own reality.
our own reality.

Physicist Silas Beane, is one of many theorists who has said that a simulation must have limited
Physicist Silas Beane, is one of many theorists who has said that a simulation must have limited

computing power; it can only get as big as the hardware will allow it.
computing power; it can only get as big as the hardware will allow it.

So, if we start creating enormous simulations of our own and those create other enormous
So, if we start creating enormous simulations of our own and those create other enormous

simulations, at some point we’re going to use up all the processing power available
simulations, at some point we’re going to use up all the processing power available

to whatever hardware our universe is running on and we’re going to crash it.
to whatever hardware our universe is running on and we’re going to crash it.

Until that happens, or we somehow discover the inner working of our reality, we can never
Until that happens, or we somehow discover the inner working of our reality, we can never

truly know for sure if everything we know is just a simulation.
truly know for sure if everything we know is just a simulation.

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