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As we survey the galaxy for signs of life and send out our first hello-anyone-there
As we survey the galaxy for signs of life and send out our first hello-anyone-there

signals, there’s some concern that we might end up attracting the attention of someone
signals, there’s some concern that we might end up attracting the attention of someone

we should have hidden from.
we should have hidden from.

But what if the aliens are more scared of us than we are of them?
But what if the aliens are more scared of us than we are of them?

So today we’re back to the Alien Civilizations series for a look at Paranoid Aliens, and
So today we’re back to the Alien Civilizations series for a look at Paranoid Aliens, and

we should probably start by asking what paranoia actually is.
we should probably start by asking what paranoia actually is.

When you’re getting out on the galactic stage it probably pays to be cautious, especially
When you’re getting out on the galactic stage it probably pays to be cautious, especially

if you think the galaxy is full of unfriendly sorts.
if you think the galaxy is full of unfriendly sorts.

For today we’ll define paranoia as when you’re constantly choosing the more cautious
For today we’ll define paranoia as when you’re constantly choosing the more cautious

and fear motivated approaches to problems over other ones which might also be reasonable.
and fear motivated approaches to problems over other ones which might also be reasonable.

For instance, we currently look up in the night sky and don’t see any clear evidence
For instance, we currently look up in the night sky and don’t see any clear evidence

of other civilizations.
of other civilizations.

That is the Fermi Paradox, the apparent contradiction between the size and age of the Universe and
That is the Fermi Paradox, the apparent contradiction between the size and age of the Universe and

the seeming absence of any older and bigger civilizations in it, and of course is one
the seeming absence of any older and bigger civilizations in it, and of course is one

of our most common topics here on the show.
of our most common topics here on the show.

Looking at that emptiness, you might conclude you have the galaxy to yourself or that lots
Looking at that emptiness, you might conclude you have the galaxy to yourself or that lots

of folks are out there but you just can’t see them for some reason.
of folks are out there but you just can’t see them for some reason.

At first glance, that would imply a cautious approach to stepping out from our cradle world
At first glance, that would imply a cautious approach to stepping out from our cradle world

into the stars, or even just waving and saying hello.
into the stars, or even just waving and saying hello.

As we’ve argued in the Dyson Dilemma, while the absence of evidence is not evidence of
As we’ve argued in the Dyson Dilemma, while the absence of evidence is not evidence of

absence, that apparent emptiness is itself a pretty good indicator that nobody is out
absence, that apparent emptiness is itself a pretty good indicator that nobody is out

there or if they are, they’ve no hostile or possessive intent toward our world, or
there or if they are, they’ve no hostile or possessive intent toward our world, or

at least a capacity for achieving either.
at least a capacity for achieving either.

Still, it pays to be cautious and to look.
Still, it pays to be cautious and to look.

Thus, we have the notion of SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, and this
Thus, we have the notion of SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, and this

is also has an active component, Active SETI or METI, Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence.
is also has an active component, Active SETI or METI, Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

Rather than listening for messages, you send out your own, as loud as you can, and this
Rather than listening for messages, you send out your own, as loud as you can, and this

is a good case for contemplating paranoia.
is a good case for contemplating paranoia.

Many would argue, very understandably, that while it makes sense to look for other civilizations,
Many would argue, very understandably, that while it makes sense to look for other civilizations,

shouting our presence out to a dark galaxy potentially full of unfriendly aliens might
shouting our presence out to a dark galaxy potentially full of unfriendly aliens might

be a really bad idea.
be a really bad idea.

If you’re nodding your head at that, no you’re not paranoid, though as we discussed
If you’re nodding your head at that, no you’re not paranoid, though as we discussed

in Hidden Aliens, trying to stay quiet isn’t a winning strategy because you only need to
in Hidden Aliens, trying to stay quiet isn’t a winning strategy because you only need to

be afraid of civilizations your age or older, since they’re presumably bigger and more
be afraid of civilizations your age or older, since they’re presumably bigger and more

advanced and thus a threat.
advanced and thus a threat.

The problem with that reasoning is that it assumes that not shouting into the void is
The problem with that reasoning is that it assumes that not shouting into the void is

going to keep you hidden from such threats.
going to keep you hidden from such threats.

It would not, because if they are older and able to send armadas to wipe you out, they
It would not, because if they are older and able to send armadas to wipe you out, they

could also have built great big telescopes or sent out tiny probes to look for life bearing
could also have built great big telescopes or sent out tiny probes to look for life bearing

planets, which is presumably easy enough to do if you can send armadas.
planets, which is presumably easy enough to do if you can send armadas.

Hence worrying about METI isn’t very reasonable, not because keeping yourself hidden is a bad
Hence worrying about METI isn’t very reasonable, not because keeping yourself hidden is a bad

idea, but because you realistically can’t anyway.
idea, but because you realistically can’t anyway.

Sending out messages could only result in a handful of realistic outcomes.
Sending out messages could only result in a handful of realistic outcomes.

First, nobody hears you because no one is there or they’re not technologically capable
First, nobody hears you because no one is there or they’re not technologically capable

yet.
yet.

Second, they already know you’re here and thus nothing is achieved by it, other than
Second, they already know you’re here and thus nothing is achieved by it, other than

saying you want to talk, but they would already suspect that by observing us and we can probably
saying you want to talk, but they would already suspect that by observing us and we can probably

take for granted that any big and ancient interstellar empire leaves listening outposts
take for granted that any big and ancient interstellar empire leaves listening outposts

near planets.
near planets.

Third, they don’t already know you’re there.
Third, they don’t already know you’re there.

Since it’s improbable that nearby civilizations to us would just happen to also be about our
Since it’s improbable that nearby civilizations to us would just happen to also be about our

age, anymore than your next door neighbor being born the same minute of the same day
age, anymore than your next door neighbor being born the same minute of the same day

and year you were, you’ll either be shocking a young civilization or poking an old and
and year you were, you’ll either be shocking a young civilization or poking an old and

reclusive one with a stick.
reclusive one with a stick.

Though at our probable future rate of growth, remaining undiscovered for much longer may
Though at our probable future rate of growth, remaining undiscovered for much longer may

require active measures.
require active measures.

Personally I doubt that it matters if we do METI or not, but let’s consider that case
Personally I doubt that it matters if we do METI or not, but let’s consider that case

where you’re a new civilization, or one that’s just kept to itself or assumed it
where you’re a new civilization, or one that’s just kept to itself or assumed it

had the galaxy to itself, a Stay-at-Home Civilization.
had the galaxy to itself, a Stay-at-Home Civilization.

You suddenly get a message from folks, it’s going to be a bit shocking and a paranoid
You suddenly get a message from folks, it’s going to be a bit shocking and a paranoid

species might take some unpleasant actions.
species might take some unpleasant actions.

We’ll get into those in a moment.
We’ll get into those in a moment.

First though, this reasoning doesn’t extrapolate to why we haven’t been contacted by any
First though, this reasoning doesn’t extrapolate to why we haven’t been contacted by any

sprawling ancient interstellar civilizations.
sprawling ancient interstellar civilizations.

We would be shocked to hear from them, and if they’re nice folks they might be worried
We would be shocked to hear from them, and if they’re nice folks they might be worried

about that, but the most logical approach then, knowing that contact is essentially
about that, but the most logical approach then, knowing that contact is essentially

inevitable, would be to take some up close looks then make contact with us in a more
inevitable, would be to take some up close looks then make contact with us in a more

controlled and deliberate way.
controlled and deliberate way.

Showing up on some uncontacted tribe’s radar by firing a big flare over their camp or bringing
Showing up on some uncontacted tribe’s radar by firing a big flare over their camp or bringing

along a megaphone and shouting gibberish at them are two methods of contact.
along a megaphone and shouting gibberish at them are two methods of contact.

Not really ideal ones, since it’s likely to freak them out.
Not really ideal ones, since it’s likely to freak them out.

Taking some careful observations, learning their language and customs, and showing up
Taking some careful observations, learning their language and customs, and showing up

with open arms, is certainly the preferred approach, and one available to any civilization
with open arms, is certainly the preferred approach, and one available to any civilization

that feels like parking a TV or radio dish in our solar system, hence why you’d not
that feels like parking a TV or radio dish in our solar system, hence why you’d not

expect a big interstellar civilization to be listening for your METI signals, other
expect a big interstellar civilization to be listening for your METI signals, other

than to maybe chuckle a bit at why you’d think anyone hearing it wasn’t already listening
than to maybe chuckle a bit at why you’d think anyone hearing it wasn’t already listening

to you to begin with.
to you to begin with.

Now we’re discussing this because it gets to the paranoia aspect, caution is advisable
Now we’re discussing this because it gets to the paranoia aspect, caution is advisable

and a trait we’d expect from anything that clawed its way up Darwin’s blood-soaked
and a trait we’d expect from anything that clawed its way up Darwin’s blood-soaked

ladder.
ladder.

Paranoia probably is too, and is a fairly relative concept, but today we mostly mean
Paranoia probably is too, and is a fairly relative concept, but today we mostly mean

when it’s being irrational about a concern.
when it’s being irrational about a concern.

You could say that you’re only being paranoid if you’re wrong and no one is actually out
You could say that you’re only being paranoid if you’re wrong and no one is actually out

to get you; on the other hand, just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean no one is
to get you; on the other hand, just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean no one is

out to get you.
out to get you.

As an example, there is a certain logic in the idea that coexisting with aliens is not
As an example, there is a certain logic in the idea that coexisting with aliens is not

viable, they’re not just your neighbors with a slightly different ancestry and customs,
viable, they’re not just your neighbors with a slightly different ancestry and customs,

and of course we’ve often tried to wipe each other out and an alien race might have
and of course we’ve often tried to wipe each other out and an alien race might have

been a lot more aggressive about pursuing such efforts at home.
been a lot more aggressive about pursuing such efforts at home.

We see this same reasoning with hypothetical Artificial Intelligences too.
We see this same reasoning with hypothetical Artificial Intelligences too.

It might not hate us or wish us harm, but there is a non-zero chance we might try to
It might not hate us or wish us harm, but there is a non-zero chance we might try to

harm it, today or in the future, and a far better chance we might succeed at doing that
harm it, today or in the future, and a far better chance we might succeed at doing that

than a cat or dog would, or an inanimate chunk of rock or metal.
than a cat or dog would, or an inanimate chunk of rock or metal.

So if it has the capacity to wipe us out and deems its odds of succeeding at that to be
So if it has the capacity to wipe us out and deems its odds of succeeding at that to be

better than the odds of doing so at a later date, it will attempt to do so.
better than the odds of doing so at a later date, it will attempt to do so.

And by the way, that kind of calculation was a big part of how World War One got started,
And by the way, that kind of calculation was a big part of how World War One got started,

but that’s a topic for different channel...
but that’s a topic for different channel...

Now there’s a lot of flaws in that reasoning that we’ve looked at before, and one of
Now there’s a lot of flaws in that reasoning that we’ve looked at before, and one of

those is that it doesn’t know that it’s just It vs Us, there could be other players
those is that it doesn’t know that it’s just It vs Us, there could be other players

in the game willing and able to take action against it if it tries to kill its creator.
in the game willing and able to take action against it if it tries to kill its creator.

For instance, it’s real creator.
For instance, it’s real creator.

Being a simulated intelligence it knows very well that the capacity exists to put it in
Being a simulated intelligence it knows very well that the capacity exists to put it in

some virtual universe to see how it acts, like if it decides to kill its creators, and
some virtual universe to see how it acts, like if it decides to kill its creators, and

has to worry that we aren’t who made it, but merely an intentionally weak looking and
has to worry that we aren’t who made it, but merely an intentionally weak looking and

vulnerable creator meant to provoke a hostile response if it has such intent.
vulnerable creator meant to provoke a hostile response if it has such intent.

Then the whole system crashes down as its real creator shows up to punish or kill it.
Then the whole system crashes down as its real creator shows up to punish or kill it.

Sounds kind of paranoid, but so is wiping out your creators because you’re worried
Sounds kind of paranoid, but so is wiping out your creators because you’re worried

they might try to get you one day, even though you’ve apparently developed the capacity
they might try to get you one day, even though you’ve apparently developed the capacity

to kill us all very quickly and thus presumably will be even stronger relative to us, and
to kill us all very quickly and thus presumably will be even stronger relative to us, and

less vulnerable, the more time that passes.
less vulnerable, the more time that passes.

So it is exactly the kind of paranoid thought such an entity might have, and paranoia is
So it is exactly the kind of paranoid thought such an entity might have, and paranoia is

what we’re discussing today after all.
what we’re discussing today after all.

For aliens this ‘attack because they might be a threat’ case is worse, because that
For aliens this ‘attack because they might be a threat’ case is worse, because that

AI exists along with us because we made it.
AI exists along with us because we made it.

An alien race exists along with us because we both occurred separately and naturally,
An alien race exists along with us because we both occurred separately and naturally,

so it stands to reason that lots of other folks do too, not much farther away.
so it stands to reason that lots of other folks do too, not much farther away.

Indeed space being three-dimensional, if you’re nearest neighbor is 100 light years away,
Indeed space being three-dimensional, if you’re nearest neighbor is 100 light years away,

you’d expect 8 more within 200 light years and 1000 more within a mere 1000 light years,
you’d expect 8 more within 200 light years and 1000 more within a mere 1000 light years,

and a million within 10,000 light years.
and a million within 10,000 light years.

So if you spot someone that close to you, you’re wise to assume lots of folks are
So if you spot someone that close to you, you’re wise to assume lots of folks are

watching, probably don’t approve of killing other species off as pre-emptive strikes or
watching, probably don’t approve of killing other species off as pre-emptive strikes or

you wouldn’t be breathing, and some are much older and tougher than you are.
you wouldn’t be breathing, and some are much older and tougher than you are.

So a paranoid species isn’t likely to just go ballistic and start trying to sterilize
So a paranoid species isn’t likely to just go ballistic and start trying to sterilize

the galaxy.
the galaxy.

They could though, if nobody around was able to stop them.
They could though, if nobody around was able to stop them.

This is another reason I don’t tend to expect us to need to worry about hostile genocidal
This is another reason I don’t tend to expect us to need to worry about hostile genocidal

aliens showing up on our doorstep, the capacity to build the sorts of ships you need to colonize
aliens showing up on our doorstep, the capacity to build the sorts of ships you need to colonize

a galaxy is also the capacity to wreck it so thoroughly not a single microbe would survive
a galaxy is also the capacity to wreck it so thoroughly not a single microbe would survive

even hidden in the tiniest little comet lurking in a system’s Oort Cloud.
even hidden in the tiniest little comet lurking in a system’s Oort Cloud.

You don’t even have to leave home to do it.
You don’t even have to leave home to do it.

One way to prevent future alien civilizations arising in the galaxy is to colonize every
One way to prevent future alien civilizations arising in the galaxy is to colonize every

planet that they could arise on, which simultaneously makes you a much bigger and more powerful
planet that they could arise on, which simultaneously makes you a much bigger and more powerful

target should you bump into anyone else.
target should you bump into anyone else.

Of course those civilizations you create under alien suns might become aliens themselves
Of course those civilizations you create under alien suns might become aliens themselves

for all practical purposes, and potential competitors.
for all practical purposes, and potential competitors.

More to the point, if you’re an apex critter on your own world, presumably a prerequisite
More to the point, if you’re an apex critter on your own world, presumably a prerequisite

or byproduct of being a high-tech civilization, if you’re paranoid, the main focus of your
or byproduct of being a high-tech civilization, if you’re paranoid, the main focus of your

paranoia is probably mostly other members of your own species.
paranoia is probably mostly other members of your own species.

So a paranoid race might not be too into colonization, fearing they’d be seeding the galaxy with
So a paranoid race might not be too into colonization, fearing they’d be seeding the galaxy with

rivals.
rivals.

But you can send out fairly dumb berserker probes to sterilize planets or just go the
But you can send out fairly dumb berserker probes to sterilize planets or just go the

brute force method of using a Nicoll-Dyson Beam to Death Star all the other worlds or
brute force method of using a Nicoll-Dyson Beam to Death Star all the other worlds or

use that beam to push Relativistic Kill Missiles out into the galaxy which can then zero in
use that beam to push Relativistic Kill Missiles out into the galaxy which can then zero in

on targets with more precision, send volleys of them for simultaneous strikes instead of
on targets with more precision, send volleys of them for simultaneous strikes instead of

slowing burning world after world, and which can also steer around objects blocking your
slowing burning world after world, and which can also steer around objects blocking your

line of sight.
line of sight.

So you can wreck the galaxy from the comfort of your own home.
So you can wreck the galaxy from the comfort of your own home.

Not the best strategy though because the Universe is huge and doesn’t end at the edge of our
Not the best strategy though because the Universe is huge and doesn’t end at the edge of our

galaxy, so any expanding wave of aggressive destruction or colonization will eventually
galaxy, so any expanding wave of aggressive destruction or colonization will eventually

run into other folks who you’d crash against.
run into other folks who you’d crash against.

Light lag is a big deal on the intergalactic stage, as your expanding front will be running
Light lag is a big deal on the intergalactic stage, as your expanding front will be running

into folks who might have evolved a billion years after you did but because of light lag
into folks who might have evolved a billion years after you did but because of light lag

and travel time are more advanced than your vanguard force is.
and travel time are more advanced than your vanguard force is.

You’d end up boxed in on all sides by such civilizations who either don’t approve of
You’d end up boxed in on all sides by such civilizations who either don’t approve of

what you did, and tried to do to them, or happen to think it’s a good and ethical
what you did, and tried to do to them, or happen to think it’s a good and ethical

strategy too, but just want to be the ones doing it to you instead.
strategy too, but just want to be the ones doing it to you instead.

Now the basic concept of paranoia is to survive, and a tendency to consider all these scenarios,
Now the basic concept of paranoia is to survive, and a tendency to consider all these scenarios,

so we’d have to assume such a civilization did.
so we’d have to assume such a civilization did.

That even if they were ethically willing to scorch the galaxy, they will have at least
That even if they were ethically willing to scorch the galaxy, they will have at least

considered the “what ifs?” we just discussed, and many would hesitate to do it.
considered the “what ifs?” we just discussed, and many would hesitate to do it.

So in science fiction we do see a lot of paranoid species who attack everyone or hide out and
So in science fiction we do see a lot of paranoid species who attack everyone or hide out and

avoid contact, or hide and shoot anyone who attempts contact.
avoid contact, or hide and shoot anyone who attempts contact.

But these don’t seem like winnable strategies, and while reason is often the first victim
But these don’t seem like winnable strategies, and while reason is often the first victim

of paranoia, we do have to remember that they still have an old and functioning society,
of paranoia, we do have to remember that they still have an old and functioning society,

and so presumably can’t be that unreasonable.
and so presumably can’t be that unreasonable.

So their strategies probably are fairly reasonable even when paranoid.
So their strategies probably are fairly reasonable even when paranoid.

Though of course they might have had something happen that made them more paranoid, like
Though of course they might have had something happen that made them more paranoid, like

building their first TV and radio dishes and suddenly getting a hello message from some
building their first TV and radio dishes and suddenly getting a hello message from some

place called Earth, building bigger dishes to look at it more closely, and seeing a bunch
place called Earth, building bigger dishes to look at it more closely, and seeing a bunch

of TV and films where aliens are monstrous things constantly at war with the Humans,
of TV and films where aliens are monstrous things constantly at war with the Humans,

who are pretty monstrous too.
who are pretty monstrous too.

Our fiction is obviously pretty dramatized, but even our non-fiction and news broadcasts
Our fiction is obviously pretty dramatized, but even our non-fiction and news broadcasts

aren’t really very accurate representations of mundane normal human life, and we probably
aren’t really very accurate representations of mundane normal human life, and we probably

want to keep that in mind if we ever find someone broadcasting out in the galaxy and
want to keep that in mind if we ever find someone broadcasting out in the galaxy and

start listening in to learn more about them.
start listening in to learn more about them.

This is another reason why an interstellar civilization probably wants to send probes
This is another reason why an interstellar civilization probably wants to send probes

and monitors everywhere, to listen up close, independently, and control any first contact
and monitors everywhere, to listen up close, independently, and control any first contact

situation.
situation.

Again though, we should assume any paranoia they have is at least a little rational.
Again though, we should assume any paranoia they have is at least a little rational.

It doesn’t make sense to hide and blow up anyone who stumbles into your territory, that
It doesn’t make sense to hide and blow up anyone who stumbles into your territory, that

invites the possibility of more folks coming to investigate their disappearance, possibly
invites the possibility of more folks coming to investigate their disappearance, possibly

very heavily armed and angry folks.
very heavily armed and angry folks.

Same as animals mark their territory to discourage conflict by warning others off, as the best
Same as animals mark their territory to discourage conflict by warning others off, as the best

victory is the one that doesn’t happen and possibly injure you even if you win.
victory is the one that doesn’t happen and possibly injure you even if you win.

So your best policy isn’t to hide but to put up no trespassing signs and arm yourself
So your best policy isn’t to hide but to put up no trespassing signs and arm yourself

to the teeth.
to the teeth.

We’re not looking for a fight, but if you are, don’t expect to walk away unscathed,
We’re not looking for a fight, but if you are, don’t expect to walk away unscathed,

or to walk away at all.
or to walk away at all.

Of course doing that too much can be provocative too, and there really is no such thing as
Of course doing that too much can be provocative too, and there really is no such thing as

a purely defensive weapon.
a purely defensive weapon.

Even if you had something that really only could be used for defense, like the space
Even if you had something that really only could be used for defense, like the space

equivalent of a castle wall or minefield, it makes your other weapons more effective
equivalent of a castle wall or minefield, it makes your other weapons more effective

since you can deploy them elsewhere and don’t need to keep them at home for defense.
since you can deploy them elsewhere and don’t need to keep them at home for defense.

A paranoid species might regard a defensive build up by their neighbors as a provocation
A paranoid species might regard a defensive build up by their neighbors as a provocation

– which isn’t necessarily a paranoid perspective – but they’re also very likely to be doing
– which isn’t necessarily a paranoid perspective – but they’re also very likely to be doing

that themselves which would make it a bit hypocritical, but hypocrisy is no rarer than
that themselves which would make it a bit hypocritical, but hypocrisy is no rarer than

paranoia and they often hang out together.
paranoia and they often hang out together.

So what’s the takeaway from all of this?
So what’s the takeaway from all of this?

Probably that paranoia, to the point that is very low on reasoning, isn’t likely to
Probably that paranoia, to the point that is very low on reasoning, isn’t likely to

be very common in advanced civilizations.
be very common in advanced civilizations.

It’s not a great strategy and it’s a mindset that you probably need to have well under-control
It’s not a great strategy and it’s a mindset that you probably need to have well under-control

before you get very advanced anyway, since once you can start making atomic weapons and
before you get very advanced anyway, since once you can start making atomic weapons and

other WMDs your civilization won’t be around very long to be thinking about colonizing
other WMDs your civilization won’t be around very long to be thinking about colonizing

other stars if you’re ultra-paranoid.
other stars if you’re ultra-paranoid.

Indeed it would be pretty hard to even get much technology and civilization if your species
Indeed it would be pretty hard to even get much technology and civilization if your species

is paranoid to the point that they have problems ever working or living near each other since
is paranoid to the point that they have problems ever working or living near each other since

a certain amount of interdependence is probably a prerequisite for civilization and technology.
a certain amount of interdependence is probably a prerequisite for civilization and technology.

So like a lot of our Alien Civilization topics, various clichés and tropes of fiction, while
So like a lot of our Alien Civilization topics, various clichés and tropes of fiction, while

we probably would encounter civilizations more or less paranoid than us, same as they
we probably would encounter civilizations more or less paranoid than us, same as they

might be more or less aggressive, or more or less reclusive, or more or less friendly,
might be more or less aggressive, or more or less reclusive, or more or less friendly,

or more or less stupid, I imagine they’d not vary too wildly from what we are in such
or more or less stupid, I imagine they’d not vary too wildly from what we are in such

regards, even if we might be well away from the galactic norm ourselves.
regards, even if we might be well away from the galactic norm ourselves.

Of course you don’t have to be paranoid for a war to occur, and if there are aliens
Of course you don’t have to be paranoid for a war to occur, and if there are aliens

out there who we’ll need to coexist with, odds are, sadly, that occasionally that coexistence
out there who we’ll need to coexist with, odds are, sadly, that occasionally that coexistence

will be in the form of a war.
will be in the form of a war.

We’ve been doing some extra episodes on Alien Civilizations of late and have some
We’ve been doing some extra episodes on Alien Civilizations of late and have some

more coming, and some of those are in our Coexistence with Aliens series over on Nebula,
more coming, and some of those are in our Coexistence with Aliens series over on Nebula,

whose third installment, “War” is out today as well.
whose third installment, “War” is out today as well.

You can check that out, or the two previous episodes, Xenopsychology and Trade, by joining
You can check that out, or the two previous episodes, Xenopsychology and Trade, by joining

Nebula today.
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to Curiositystream, which also has thousands of amazing documentaries you can watch, on
to Curiositystream, which also has thousands of amazing documentaries you can watch, on

top of the Nebula-exclusive content from myself and many other creators like CGP Grey, Minute
top of the Nebula-exclusive content from myself and many other creators like CGP Grey, Minute

Physics, and Wendover.
Physics, and Wendover.

A year of Curiosity Stream is just $19.99, and it gets you access thousands of documentaries,
A year of Curiosity Stream is just $19.99, and it gets you access thousands of documentaries,

as well as complimentary access to Nebula for as long as you're a subscriber, and use
as well as complimentary access to Nebula for as long as you're a subscriber, and use

the link in this episode’s description, curiositystream.com/isaacarthur.
the link in this episode’s description, curiositystream.com/isaacarthur.

Of course we have plenty of episodes coming up here on YouTube too, and we’ll return
Of course we have plenty of episodes coming up here on YouTube too, and we’ll return

to the Alien Civilization series in a few weeks to look at a similar concept to paranoia,
to the Alien Civilization series in a few weeks to look at a similar concept to paranoia,

or how it might manifest itself, in Conspiratorial Aliens.
or how it might manifest itself, in Conspiratorial Aliens.

Before then though we have our regular Thursday episode coming up, Space Pirates, where we’ll
Before then though we have our regular Thursday episode coming up, Space Pirates, where we’ll

have some fun looking at that notion and see if it might be something we’d have to worry
have some fun looking at that notion and see if it might be something we’d have to worry

about one day or just see in the pages of SciFi novels.
about one day or just see in the pages of SciFi novels.

We’ll then close the year out by looking at Interstellar Civilizations and the problem
We’ll then close the year out by looking at Interstellar Civilizations and the problem

they’ll have with Time, then start 2020 up with a look at Time Travel.
they’ll have with Time, then start 2020 up with a look at Time Travel.

For alerts when those and other episodes come out, make sure to subscribe to the channel.
For alerts when those and other episodes come out, make sure to subscribe to the channel.

And If you enjoyed this episode, hit the like button and share it with others.
And If you enjoyed this episode, hit the like button and share it with others.

Until next time, thanks for watching, and we’ll see you Thursday!
Until next time, thanks for watching, and we’ll see you Thursday!