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  • 00:01

    Boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance.
    Boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance.

  • 00:05

    But it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance,
    But it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance,

  • 00:10

    so, for example, water only boils at 100 degrees Celsius, if the pressure is 1 atmosphere.
    so, for example, water only boils at 100 degrees Celsius, if the pressure is 1 atmosphere.

  • 00:15

    So if you reduce the pressure, then those water molecules that are going quite quickly
    So if you reduce the pressure, then those water molecules that are going quite quickly

  • 00:19

    can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them.
    can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them.

  • 00:23

    So you can get water to boil at room temperature.
    So you can get water to boil at room temperature.

  • 00:25

    This is really boiling water.
    This is really boiling water.

  • 00:28

    The funny thing about boiling water at room temperature
    The funny thing about boiling water at room temperature

  • 00:31

    is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water.
    is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water.

  • 00:34

    That's because all the fastest water molecules escape,
    That's because all the fastest water molecules escape,

  • 00:37

    leaving only the slow ones behind.
    leaving only the slow ones behind.

  • 00:39

    We are refrigerating the water
    We are refrigerating the water

  • 00:41

    Refrigerating the water, by boiling it.
    Refrigerating the water, by boiling it.

  • 00:43

    Yes, yes
    Yes, yes

  • 00:44

    (Laughing)
    (Laughing)

  • 00:45

    That is a cool concept.
    That is a cool concept.

  • 00:46

    I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen, but I've never seen solid nitrogen.
    I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen, but I've never seen solid nitrogen.

  • 00:50

    So we used the same trick, pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules.
    So we used the same trick, pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules.

  • 00:53

    And eventually, that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze.
    And eventually, that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze.

  • 00:58

    (Laughing)
    (Laughing)

  • 01:06

    I'm putting a thermocouple in there so we can measure the temperature of our liquid nitrogen.
    I'm putting a thermocouple in there so we can measure the temperature of our liquid nitrogen.

  • 01:11

    And it reads...
    And it reads...

  • 01:18

    Okay, so the temperature of our liquid nitrogen is about minus 196 Celsius.
    Okay, so the temperature of our liquid nitrogen is about minus 196 Celsius.

  • 01:22

    Which is exactly what it should be.
    Which is exactly what it should be.

  • 01:24

    And now we're going to evacuate the chamber.
    And now we're going to evacuate the chamber.

  • 01:27

    We're gonna suck the air out of there.
    We're gonna suck the air out of there.

  • 01:30

    you can see that the nitrogen is boiling
    you can see that the nitrogen is boiling

  • 01:36

    The temperature's dropping, minus 199, minus 200...
    The temperature's dropping, minus 199, minus 200...

  • 01:41

    We're coming up on the triple point of nitrogen.
    We're coming up on the triple point of nitrogen.

  • 01:44

    I don't know.
    I don't know.

  • 01:56

    We're forming solid nitrogen.
    We're forming solid nitrogen.

  • 02:09

    The ice is actually getting sucked up by the reduced pressure up here,
    The ice is actually getting sucked up by the reduced pressure up here,

  • 02:12

    and there is a higher pressure underneath the ice because the vacuum pump hasn't had a chance to work there.
    and there is a higher pressure underneath the ice because the vacuum pump hasn't had a chance to work there.

  • 02:18

    I've never seen solid nitrogen before
    I've never seen solid nitrogen before

  • 02:35

    After creating the solid nitrogen,
    After creating the solid nitrogen,

  • 02:37

    we poured it onto a water bath.
    we poured it onto a water bath.

  • 02:40

    and we got the whole surface so cold that carbon dioxide actually condensed out of the atmosphere,
    and we got the whole surface so cold that carbon dioxide actually condensed out of the atmosphere,

  • 02:45

    and we formed solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, on the surface of the water.
    and we formed solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, on the surface of the water.

  • 03:50

    we have a solid piece of CO2
    we have a solid piece of CO2

All idiom
boiling point
//
idiom
A climax or crisis; a high degree of fury, excitement, or outrage. For example, . This metaphoric term alludes to the temperature at which water boils. [Second half of 1700s]

Making SOLID Nitrogen!

3,483,900 views

Veritasium

Video Language:

  • English

Caption Language:

  • English (en)

Accent:

  • English (US)

Speech Time:

42%
  • 1:59 / 4:43

Speech Rate:

  • 179 wpm - Fast

Category:

  • Education

Tags :

Intro:

Boiling point is something that we normally think of as a stable property of a substance.
But it really depends on what the pressure is around the substance,
so, for example, water only boils at 100 degrees Celsius, if the pressure is 1 atmosphere.
So if you reduce the pressure, then those water molecules that are going quite quickly
can easily escape from the water if there's no pressure pushing down on them.
So you can get water to boil at room temperature.. This is really boiling water.. The funny thing about boiling water at room temperature
is that it actually decreases the temperature of the water.
That's because all the fastest water molecules escape,
leaving only the slow ones behind.. We are refrigerating the water. Refrigerating the water, by boiling it.. Yes, yes. (Laughing). That is a cool concept.. I know everyone's a big fan of liquid nitrogen, but I've never seen solid nitrogen.
So we used the same trick, pumping out the very fastest nitrogen molecules.
And eventually, that decreased the temperature enough that the nitrogen actually froze.
(Laughing).

Video Vocabulary

normally

/ˈnôrməlē/

adverb

under normal or usual conditions.

leaving

/lēv/

verb

To let something remain unused or available.

depends

/dəˈpend/

verb

Hang down..

thermocouple

/ˈTHərmōˌkəp(ə)l/

noun

thermoelectric device for measuring temperature.

pumping

/pəmp/

verb

move liquid, gas, etc. with pump.

actually

/ˈak(t)SH(o͞o)əlē/

adverb

as truth or facts.

pressure

/ˈpreSHər/

noun verb

Force, weight when pressing against a thing. To persuade or force someone to do something.

molecules

/ˈmäləˌkyo͞ol/

noun other

group of atoms bonded together. Two or more atoms chemically combined.

nitrogen

/ˈnītrəjən/

noun

chemical element of atomic number 7.

boiling

/ˈboiliNG/

adjective noun verb

Being boiled in water. action of boiling liquid. To cook in very hot water.

exactly

/iɡˈzak(t)lē/

adverb

used to emphasize accuracy of figure or description.

evacuate

/iˈvakyəˌwāt/

verb

To move people from dangerous to a safe places.

something

/ˈsəmˌTHiNG/

adverb pronoun

used for emphasis with following adjective functioning as adverb. Thing that is not yet known or named.

because

/bēˈkəz/

conjunction

For a reason.

property

/ˈpräpərdē/

noun

possessions collectively.