PICTURE A SOCIETY WHERE 66 IS THE NEW 16.
PICTURE A SOCIETY WHERE 66 IS THE NEW 16.

WHERE YOUR LIFESPAN IS DOUBLE, EVEN TRIPLE WHAT IT IS NOW.
WHERE YOUR LIFESPAN IS DOUBLE, EVEN TRIPLE WHAT IT IS NOW.

A WORLD WHERE YOU COULD WATCH SCIENCE FICTION BECOME REALITY,
A WORLD WHERE YOU COULD WATCH SCIENCE FICTION BECOME REALITY,

WHERE YOUR BODY WILL NEVER FAIL YOU....
WHERE YOUR BODY WILL NEVER FAIL YOU....

A WORLD WHERE AGE IS REALLY JUST A NUMBER.
A WORLD WHERE AGE IS REALLY JUST A NUMBER.

LABS ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE WORKING TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF LONGEVITY, UNLOCKING THE
LABS ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE WORKING TO GET TO THE BOTTOM OF LONGEVITY, UNLOCKING THE

SECRETS TO EXTENDING OUR LIFESPANS WELL INTO OUR 100S...
SECRETS TO EXTENDING OUR LIFESPANS WELL INTO OUR 100S...

AND BEYOND.
AND BEYOND.

- I think it's the greatest unsolved problem in biology.
- I think it's the greatest unsolved problem in biology.

SO, HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO IMMORTALITY?
SO, HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO IMMORTALITY?

OKAY, SO, BY DEFINITION, IMMORTALITY MEANS LIVING FOREVER, AS IN - TO INFINITY.
OKAY, SO, BY DEFINITION, IMMORTALITY MEANS LIVING FOREVER, AS IN - TO INFINITY.

AND MATHEMATICALLY, YOU NEVER GET ANY CLOSER TO INFINITY THAN WHEN YOU STARTED.
AND MATHEMATICALLY, YOU NEVER GET ANY CLOSER TO INFINITY THAN WHEN YOU STARTED.

SO LET’S JUST GIVE UP ON TECHNICALITIES AND START WITH WHERE WE’RE AT TODAY.
SO LET’S JUST GIVE UP ON TECHNICALITIES AND START WITH WHERE WE’RE AT TODAY.

THE GLOBAL LIFE EXPECTANCY IS CURRENTLY HOVERING SOMEWHERE AROUND 72 YEARS.
THE GLOBAL LIFE EXPECTANCY IS CURRENTLY HOVERING SOMEWHERE AROUND 72 YEARS.

IT’S LONGER FOR WOMEN, SHORTER FOR MEN, HIGHER IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, AND LOWER IN
IT’S LONGER FOR WOMEN, SHORTER FOR MEN, HIGHER IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, AND LOWER IN

IMPOVERISHED NATIONS WITH POOR SANITATION, DIETS, AND ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE.
IMPOVERISHED NATIONS WITH POOR SANITATION, DIETS, AND ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE.

THIS ALL MAY SEEM LIKE COMMON SENSE SO FAR, BUT IT’S ACTUALLY PRETTY STRIKING WHEN YOU
THIS ALL MAY SEEM LIKE COMMON SENSE SO FAR, BUT IT’S ACTUALLY PRETTY STRIKING WHEN YOU

CONSIDER HOW QUICKLY THINGS HAVE CHANGED.
CONSIDER HOW QUICKLY THINGS HAVE CHANGED.

- That's the crowning achievement of modern civilization: the fact that there are fewer
- That's the crowning achievement of modern civilization: the fact that there are fewer

and fewer people in this graveyard.
and fewer people in this graveyard.

Up until a couple of hundred years ago, life expectancy was about 30 in most populations.
Up until a couple of hundred years ago, life expectancy was about 30 in most populations.

But then, starting around 1840, life expectancy started to go up, and it gradually rose.
But then, starting around 1840, life expectancy started to go up, and it gradually rose.

And today life expectancy in the country doing the best, is 87 years for Japanese women.
And today life expectancy in the country doing the best, is 87 years for Japanese women.

AND THANKS TO ACCELERATING MEDICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS,
AND THANKS TO ACCELERATING MEDICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS,

EXPERTS THINK THAT TREND WILL CONTINUE.
EXPERTS THINK THAT TREND WILL CONTINUE.

PLUS, IN OUR ERA OF GLOBAL INFORMATION SHARING, IT’S MUCH EASIER TO GET THE WORD OUT ABOUT
PLUS, IN OUR ERA OF GLOBAL INFORMATION SHARING, IT’S MUCH EASIER TO GET THE WORD OUT ABOUT

BASIC LONGEVITY HACKS.
BASIC LONGEVITY HACKS.

So, don't smoke.
So, don't smoke.

Don't drink too much, get exercise, get fresh air, eat a good diet, have friends.
Don't drink too much, get exercise, get fresh air, eat a good diet, have friends.

Live in a good environment with healthy air, clean water, where you can get good medical care.
Live in a good environment with healthy air, clean water, where you can get good medical care.

WAIT, SO THE SECRET TO IMMORTALITY IS DIET AND EXERCISE?
WAIT, SO THE SECRET TO IMMORTALITY IS DIET AND EXERCISE?

THAT CAN’T BE RIGHT, CAN IT?
THAT CAN’T BE RIGHT, CAN IT?

SOME EXPERTS ARGUE THAT THOSE ARE REALLY ALL THE TOOLS WE HAVE, AS WE SEEM TO BE EDGING
SOME EXPERTS ARGUE THAT THOSE ARE REALLY ALL THE TOOLS WE HAVE, AS WE SEEM TO BE EDGING

CLOSER TO THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE LENGTH OF A HUMAN LIFESPAN.
CLOSER TO THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE LENGTH OF A HUMAN LIFESPAN.

But I don't think the evidence for that is strong.
But I don't think the evidence for that is strong.

- That just means a healthy diet is only going to get you so far.
- That just means a healthy diet is only going to get you so far.

SO SCIENTISTS ARE LOOKING TO THE NATURAL WORLD FOR CLUES
SO SCIENTISTS ARE LOOKING TO THE NATURAL WORLD FOR CLUES

ON HOW TO SIDESTEP GROWING OLD.
ON HOW TO SIDESTEP GROWING OLD.

SOME EVEN THINK THAT MANY OF THE AILMENTS WE CALL DISEASES
SOME EVEN THINK THAT MANY OF THE AILMENTS WE CALL DISEASES

COULD BE THOUGHT OF AS SYMPTOMS
COULD BE THOUGHT OF AS SYMPTOMS

OF THE MOST POWERFUL DISEASE OF ALL - AGING.
OF THE MOST POWERFUL DISEASE OF ALL - AGING.

- In fact, for some species, death rates actually go down with age.
- In fact, for some species, death rates actually go down with age.

So, instead of getting sicker and sicker as you get older, you get healthier and healthier.
So, instead of getting sicker and sicker as you get older, you get healthier and healthier.

They tend to be species that keep on growing.
They tend to be species that keep on growing.

And as they grow they get bigger, they get new tissue, so they restore their health.
And as they grow they get bigger, they get new tissue, so they restore their health.

- There are whales that live hundreds of years, and they're very similar to us genetically,
- There are whales that live hundreds of years, and they're very similar to us genetically,

but we do need to be able to either change our genomes or find medicines and other ways
but we do need to be able to either change our genomes or find medicines and other ways

to enhance our systems so that we have the same kind of lifespans that they do.
to enhance our systems so that we have the same kind of lifespans that they do.

TO DO THAT, WE’D HAVE TO STALL OR REVERSE THE PROCESS OF CELL AGING, CALLED SENESCENCE.
TO DO THAT, WE’D HAVE TO STALL OR REVERSE THE PROCESS OF CELL AGING, CALLED SENESCENCE.

OVER TIME, CELLS LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO REPLICATE AND FUNCTION PROPERLY.
OVER TIME, CELLS LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO REPLICATE AND FUNCTION PROPERLY.

BUT THE PROBLEM IS WE REALLY DON’T KNOW THE WHOLE STORY OF WHAT DRIVES SENESCENCE.
BUT THE PROBLEM IS WE REALLY DON’T KNOW THE WHOLE STORY OF WHAT DRIVES SENESCENCE.

WE DO KNOW THAT IT MIGHT BE SLOWED BY INTERMITTENT FASTING, AND A HEALTHY DIET.
WE DO KNOW THAT IT MIGHT BE SLOWED BY INTERMITTENT FASTING, AND A HEALTHY DIET.

SO WHAT DR. SINCLAIR IS TRYING TO DO
SO WHAT DR. SINCLAIR IS TRYING TO DO

IS REVERSE ENGINEER THAT PROCESS ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL.
IS REVERSE ENGINEER THAT PROCESS ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL.

We found the first molecule that activated a group of enzymes that seem to control the
We found the first molecule that activated a group of enzymes that seem to control the

benefits of being hungry and exercising.
benefits of being hungry and exercising.

THAT MOLECULE WAS RESVERATROL, FOUND IN FOODS LIKE PEANUTS, PISTACHIOS, POMEGRANATES,
THAT MOLECULE WAS RESVERATROL, FOUND IN FOODS LIKE PEANUTS, PISTACHIOS, POMEGRANATES,

CRANBERRIES, GRAPES, AND YES, RED WINE.
CRANBERRIES, GRAPES, AND YES, RED WINE.

We gave resveratrol to yeast cells, and little nematode worms, and to mice that were on a
We gave resveratrol to yeast cells, and little nematode worms, and to mice that were on a

high-fat Western or American diet.
high-fat Western or American diet.

And in all those cases, the animals were healthier and they lived longer.
And in all those cases, the animals were healthier and they lived longer.

That was exciting because no one really had a safe molecule that extended the lifespan
That was exciting because no one really had a safe molecule that extended the lifespan

of organisms.
of organisms.

That was the first one.
That was the first one.

BUT THAT WAS ONLY THE BEGINNING.
BUT THAT WAS ONLY THE BEGINNING.

SINCE THEN, THEY’VE ADDED MORE AND MORE MOLECULES TO THAT ARSENAL, AND TODAY THEY’RE
SINCE THEN, THEY’VE ADDED MORE AND MORE MOLECULES TO THAT ARSENAL, AND TODAY THEY’RE

DIGGING INTO A PARTICULARLY PROMISING ONE KNOWN AS NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE…
DIGGING INTO A PARTICULARLY PROMISING ONE KNOWN AS NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE…

BUT LET’S JUST CALL IT NAD.
BUT LET’S JUST CALL IT NAD.

NAD IS A CO-ENZYME, OR HELPER MOLECULE, FORMED FROM VITAMIN B3,
NAD IS A CO-ENZYME, OR HELPER MOLECULE, FORMED FROM VITAMIN B3,

AND WE’RE JUST DISCOVERING
AND WE’RE JUST DISCOVERING

ALL THE  WAYS IT HELPS YOUR CELLS RESET AND REPAIR THEMSELVES.
ALL THE  WAYS IT HELPS YOUR CELLS RESET AND REPAIR THEMSELVES.

It actually is a molecule that tells the body when it's time to fight disease and stay healthy.
It actually is a molecule that tells the body when it's time to fight disease and stay healthy.

As we get older, some of our tissues, they have less and less NAD.
As we get older, some of our tissues, they have less and less NAD.

And without NAD, we'd be dead in probably 10 seconds.
And without NAD, we'd be dead in probably 10 seconds.

BY STUDYING HOW THE BODY MAKES NAD,
BY STUDYING HOW THE BODY MAKES NAD,

DR. SINCLAIR’S TEAM BELIEVES THEY MIGHT JUST BE ABLE TO FIND A MORE DIRECT PATH
DR. SINCLAIR’S TEAM BELIEVES THEY MIGHT JUST BE ABLE TO FIND A MORE DIRECT PATH

TO LONGER LIFE.
TO LONGER LIFE.

This molecule NMN, not to be confused with M&M's, is what we call a precursor to NAD.
This molecule NMN, not to be confused with M&M's, is what we call a precursor to NAD.

We can synthesize it.
We can synthesize it.

And when we give mice NMN in their drinking water, their levels of NAD go up about 50%,
And when we give mice NMN in their drinking water, their levels of NAD go up about 50%,

and that's when we see these remarkable health benefits in those old mice.
and that's when we see these remarkable health benefits in those old mice.

They can run 50% further and they're resistant to radiation… and if this works, we could
They can run 50% further and they're resistant to radiation… and if this works, we could

potentially have a pill that could mimic those things.
potentially have a pill that could mimic those things.

We know that they're healthier, but will they live longer?
We know that they're healthier, but will they live longer?

That's what we're trying to find out.
That's what we're trying to find out.

MEANWHILE, OTHER BRANCHES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH ARE TACKLING SPECIFIC DISEASES OR SYMPTOMS
MEANWHILE, OTHER BRANCHES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH ARE TACKLING SPECIFIC DISEASES OR SYMPTOMS

ASSOCIATED WITH AGE, AND SOME EXCITING TECHNOLOGIES ARE ON THE HORIZON.
ASSOCIATED WITH AGE, AND SOME EXCITING TECHNOLOGIES ARE ON THE HORIZON.

- There's been a lot of very promising work in regenerating body tissue.
- There's been a lot of very promising work in regenerating body tissue.

Another very promising area is genetic manipulation, individualized medicine…  nanotechnologies
Another very promising area is genetic manipulation, individualized medicine…  nanotechnologies

might eventually let us put lots of small mini robots into our body that would help
might eventually let us put lots of small mini robots into our body that would help

build bones or kill germs.
build bones or kill germs.

Progress is being made in reducing heart disease death rates, stroke death rates,
Progress is being made in reducing heart disease death rates, stroke death rates,

cancer death rates, there's some progress being made against Alzheimer's.
cancer death rates, there's some progress being made against Alzheimer's.

BUT IF WE DO UNLOCK THE SECRETS TO ETERNAL YOUTH, WHAT WOULD OUR WORLD LOOK LIKE?
BUT IF WE DO UNLOCK THE SECRETS TO ETERNAL YOUTH, WHAT WOULD OUR WORLD LOOK LIKE?

To keep yourself amused for 200 years, you'd have to have multiple careers, you'd have
To keep yourself amused for 200 years, you'd have to have multiple careers, you'd have

to learn new things, you'd have great, great, great, great, great grandchildren, you know.
to learn new things, you'd have great, great, great, great, great grandchildren, you know.

It'd be a really different life.
It'd be a really different life.

- If we extend people's lives by lot, what are we going to do with all these people?
- If we extend people's lives by lot, what are we going to do with all these people?

Will there be enough jobs?
Will there be enough jobs?

Will there be enough money for them?
Will there be enough money for them?

My view is that if we treat aging, we'll have people living into their eighties and nineties
My view is that if we treat aging, we'll have people living into their eighties and nineties

in a productive, healthy way.
in a productive, healthy way.

That would save a trillion dollars a year in the US, easily.
That would save a trillion dollars a year in the US, easily.

And globally, many trillion.
And globally, many trillion.

That's money that can be put back into medical research, into education,
That's money that can be put back into medical research, into education,

into protecting the environment.
into protecting the environment.

SO IN ADDITION TO CONTINUALLY IMPROVING THE BASICS - NUTRITION, SLEEP, SOCIAL LIFE, GLOBAL
SO IN ADDITION TO CONTINUALLY IMPROVING THE BASICS - NUTRITION, SLEEP, SOCIAL LIFE, GLOBAL

ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE - WE MIGHT JUST HAVE TO PERFECT THE RECIPE FOR THE ULTIMATE YOUTH
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE - WE MIGHT JUST HAVE TO PERFECT THE RECIPE FOR THE ULTIMATE YOUTH

VITAMIN, MADE OF SYNTHETIC MOLECULES THAT
VITAMIN, MADE OF SYNTHETIC MOLECULES THAT

MIMIC YOUR BODY’S NATURAL AGE-DEFYING FUNCTIONS,
MIMIC YOUR BODY’S NATURAL AGE-DEFYING FUNCTIONS,

AND MAYBE THROW SOME BONE-BUILDING NANO-BOTS
AND MAYBE THROW SOME BONE-BUILDING NANO-BOTS

AND GENE MAKEOVERS IN THERE FOR GOOD MEASURE.
AND GENE MAKEOVERS IN THERE FOR GOOD MEASURE.

SOUNDS CASUAL.
SOUNDS CASUAL.

SO, HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO IMMORTALITY?
SO, HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO IMMORTALITY?

A good middle of the road prediction would be life expectancy might go up something like
A good middle of the road prediction would be life expectancy might go up something like

three months per year.
three months per year.

So that means in four decades you live ten years longer, and in eight decades you live
So that means in four decades you live ten years longer, and in eight decades you live

20 years longer.
20 years longer.

What current research indicates, is that young children today, in countries with high life
What current research indicates, is that young children today, in countries with high life

expectancy, most of them will probably live past 100.
expectancy, most of them will probably live past 100.

Their grandchildren and their great grandchildren might live well into their 100s.
Their grandchildren and their great grandchildren might live well into their 100s.

- Can we be immortal?
- Can we be immortal?

I don't know of a reason physically why we cannot, but I don't know of any technology
I don't know of a reason physically why we cannot, but I don't know of any technology

right now that would allow us to.
right now that would allow us to.

The longer you live, the more technology you have.
The longer you live, the more technology you have.

Already we see age reversal in some experiments. So by the end of this century, I think it'll
Already we see age reversal in some experiments. So by the end of this century, I think it'll

be commonplace to be able to reverse many parts of aging, if not the entire thing.
be commonplace to be able to reverse many parts of aging, if not the entire thing.

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