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  • 00:00

    This is actually a really exciting time
    This is actually a really exciting time

  • 00:07

    in the history of hydrogen and fuel cell
    in the history of hydrogen and fuel cell

  • 00:10

    technologies, which are actually not
    technologies, which are actually not

  • 00:13

    as well known as some of the other
    as well known as some of the other

  • 00:14

    technologies like solar and wind and
    technologies like solar and wind and

  • 00:16

    batteries. And in fact when I moved to
    batteries. And in fact when I moved to

  • 00:19

    DOE almost roughly 13 years ago, I moved
    DOE almost roughly 13 years ago, I moved

  • 00:22

    from industry and I told people I'm
    from industry and I told people I'm

  • 00:24

    moving from industry to government and
    moving from industry to government and

  • 00:27

    some people thought I was moving to NIH.
    some people thought I was moving to NIH.

  • 00:30

    And I've always very perplexed and I was
    And I've always very perplexed and I was

  • 00:32

    wondering why are they thinking I'm moving to
    wondering why are they thinking I'm moving to

  • 00:34

    NIH and then I realized they thought
    NIH and then I realized they thought

  • 00:36

    fuel cells were the same as stem cells.
    fuel cells were the same as stem cells.

  • 00:39

    And so thanks for this opportunity to
    And so thanks for this opportunity to

  • 00:43

    spread the word and educate people, thank
    spread the word and educate people, thank

  • 00:45

    you all for your interest.
    you all for your interest.

  • 00:47

    So going back to the beginning of the
    So going back to the beginning of the

  • 00:49

    fuel cell program at DOE, it started in the
    fuel cell program at DOE, it started in the

  • 00:52

    1970s during the first oil embargo when
    1970s during the first oil embargo when

  • 00:56

    a group of scientists on industry
    a group of scientists on industry

  • 00:58

    government, DOE managers got
    government, DOE managers got

  • 00:59

    together at Los Alamos and looked at
    together at Los Alamos and looked at

  • 01:03

    know how can we get off foreign oil? And
    know how can we get off foreign oil? And

  • 01:06

    that was the beginning. Scientists
    that was the beginning. Scientists

  • 01:09

    developed and optimized what's known as
    developed and optimized what's known as

  • 01:12

    the fuel cell electrodes, the heart of
    the fuel cell electrodes, the heart of

  • 01:14

    the fuel cell system. You can see the
    the fuel cell system. You can see the

  • 01:16

    cars here, very early version. A lot of
    cars here, very early version. A lot of

  • 01:20

    people don't know that GM, General Motors
    people don't know that GM, General Motors

  • 01:21

    relocated part of their staff to
    relocated part of their staff to

  • 01:25

    Los Alamos to work on hydrogen and fuel
    Los Alamos to work on hydrogen and fuel

  • 01:28

    cell technology. And 40 years later we
    cell technology. And 40 years later we

  • 01:31

    have commercial fuel-cell cars in the
    have commercial fuel-cell cars in the

  • 01:34

    market. So how many of you have seen the
    market. So how many of you have seen the

  • 01:37

    fuel cell cars?
    fuel cell cars?

  • 01:38

    Okay great and so great great progress.
    Okay great and so great great progress.

  • 01:43

    And thank you all there many people
    And thank you all there many people

  • 01:46

    worldwide who've made this happen.
    worldwide who've made this happen.

  • 01:49

    So the bottom line is we have power,
    So the bottom line is we have power,

  • 01:51

    performance and completely
    performance and completely

  • 01:52

    pollution-free. So these cars can refuel
    pollution-free. So these cars can refuel

  • 01:55

    in minutes. We have more than 300 mile
    in minutes. We have more than 300 mile

  • 01:58

    driving range. The latest model that just
    driving range. The latest model that just

  • 02:00

    came out has 366 miles on just one fill.
    came out has 366 miles on just one fill.

  • 02:04

    More, one of the models has 66 mile per
    More, one of the models has 66 mile per

  • 02:09

    gallon equivalent fuel economy and very
    gallon equivalent fuel economy and very

  • 02:11

    high power. They're all electric
    high power. They're all electric

  • 02:13

    drive, no conventional transmission, pistons,
    drive, no conventional transmission, pistons,

  • 02:16

    gears and so forth. So straight from a
    gears and so forth. So straight from a

  • 02:19

    standing start you get very high torque,
    standing start you get very high torque,

  • 02:21

    very high acceleration, and all
    very high acceleration, and all

  • 02:24

    completely pollution-free. So no criteria
    completely pollution-free. So no criteria

  • 02:27

    pollutants, no CO2, only water vapor. In
    pollutants, no CO2, only water vapor. In

  • 02:31

    fact this bottle is exhaust from the
    fact this bottle is exhaust from the

  • 02:35

    from the car.
    from the car.

  • 02:36

    And in my previous job, one
    And in my previous job, one

  • 02:38

    of my previous jobs in fact working in
    of my previous jobs in fact working in

  • 02:40

    industry where we use fuel cells for
    industry where we use fuel cells for

  • 02:42

    space applications. The astronauts
    space applications. The astronauts

  • 02:44

    actually can drink the water coming out
    actually can drink the water coming out

  • 02:46

    of the fuel cell, so completely clean
    of the fuel cell, so completely clean

  • 02:48

    technology. And we actually have a couple
    technology. And we actually have a couple

  • 02:53

    of the world's first commercial cars
    of the world's first commercial cars

  • 02:55

    here now in the DOE building, or in the
    here now in the DOE building, or in the

  • 02:58

    garage. And we have, so this is the first
    garage. And we have, so this is the first

  • 03:02

    time we have federal agency, an agency
    time we have federal agency, an agency

  • 03:04

    that actually has commercial fuel-cell
    that actually has commercial fuel-cell

  • 03:06

    cars here.
    cars here.

  • 03:08

    So how does that work? So when you step
    So how does that work? So when you step

  • 03:11

    on the gas pedal you'll have fuel that
    on the gas pedal you'll have fuel that

  • 03:15

    flows in on one side of the fuel cell,
    flows in on one side of the fuel cell,

  • 03:18

    and I have sample here this is the heart
    and I have sample here this is the heart

  • 03:21

    of the fuel cell and then you have air
    of the fuel cell and then you have air

  • 03:24

    that comes in the other side. And we have
    that comes in the other side. And we have

  • 03:27

    basically no combustion, you're not burning.
    basically no combustion, you're not burning.

  • 03:29

    We have a pretty archaic system now, we waste
    We have a pretty archaic system now, we waste

  • 03:31

    a lot of that energy content in the fuel
    a lot of that energy content in the fuel

  • 03:33

    as just heat. But you produce
    as just heat. But you produce

  • 03:36

    electricity directly. Simple, simple
    electricity directly. Simple, simple

  • 03:38

    version here. And the oxygen from the
    version here. And the oxygen from the

  • 03:41

    air combines with part of the hydrogen
    air combines with part of the hydrogen

  • 03:45

    to produce water. So we have been funding
    to produce water. So we have been funding

  • 03:48

    this at DOE for decades as you know. And
    this at DOE for decades as you know. And

  • 03:51

    just to give you an idea we have
    just to give you an idea we have

  • 03:53

    optimized this heart of a fuel cell. So
    optimized this heart of a fuel cell. So

  • 03:57

    this size is about enough to power a
    this size is about enough to power a

  • 03:59

    lightbulb.
    lightbulb.

  • 04:00

    So you can get an idea of how much power
    So you can get an idea of how much power

  • 04:02

    you can get. And you can stack these so
    you can get. And you can stack these so

  • 04:04

    these are modular, scalable. They're
    these are modular, scalable. They're

  • 04:06

    small enough to power your laptop, your
    small enough to power your laptop, your

  • 04:07

    cell phone.
    cell phone.

  • 04:08

    They're large enough, in a typical car
    They're large enough, in a typical car

  • 04:11

    you might have 300 of these. It replaces
    you might have 300 of these. It replaces

  • 04:13

    the engine, it's just about this big. And
    the engine, it's just about this big. And

  • 04:16

    the largest fuel cell in the world is
    the largest fuel cell in the world is

  • 04:18

    now in Korea 60 megawatts or so. So very
    now in Korea 60 megawatts or so. So very

  • 04:20

    large to provide power for industrial
    large to provide power for industrial

  • 04:23

    applications. And again no combustion,
    applications. And again no combustion,

  • 04:26

    direct electrical production, and so much
    direct electrical production, and so much

  • 04:29

    more efficient over twice as efficient
    more efficient over twice as efficient

  • 04:31

    compared to today's gasoline vehicles. So
    compared to today's gasoline vehicles. So

  • 04:35

    what about hydrogen? So if we go back to
    what about hydrogen? So if we go back to

  • 04:39

    hydrogen, hydrogen actually is the most
    hydrogen, hydrogen actually is the most

  • 04:45

    abundant element in the universe, I think
    abundant element in the universe, I think

  • 04:47

    most people are aware, 75% of the
    most people are aware, 75% of the

  • 04:50

    known mass of the universe is hydrogen.
    known mass of the universe is hydrogen.

  • 04:53

    It also has the highest, one of the
    It also has the highest, one of the

  • 04:55

    highest energy contents of all known
    highest energy contents of all known

  • 04:58

    fuels. It's actually three times more
    fuels. It's actually three times more

  • 05:00

    than gasoline but that's on a mass or
    than gasoline but that's on a mass or

  • 05:02

    weight basis. It's a light, very light gas.
    weight basis. It's a light, very light gas.

  • 05:05

    So if you look on a volume basis it's
    So if you look on a volume basis it's

  • 05:07

    actually worse than gasoline. Gasoline has
    actually worse than gasoline. Gasoline has

  • 05:10

    has a lot of energy density by volume
    has a lot of energy density by volume

  • 05:12

    but hydrogen is not found easily free
    but hydrogen is not found easily free

  • 05:16

    in nature. You have to produce that
    in nature. You have to produce that

  • 05:17

    hydrogen. And so it's an energy carrier
    hydrogen. And so it's an energy carrier

  • 05:20

    not a source. But you can produce it from
    not a source. But you can produce it from

  • 05:23

    diverse domestic resources, so natural
    diverse domestic resources, so natural

  • 05:26

    gas, coal, gasification, nuclear heat,
    gas, coal, gasification, nuclear heat,

  • 05:29

    renewables obviously. And you can use it
    renewables obviously. And you can use it

  • 05:32

    in a number of applications. So we talked
    in a number of applications. So we talked

  • 05:35

    about fuel cells but you can use
    about fuel cells but you can use

  • 05:37

    it today,
    it today,

  • 05:38

    petroleum refining and fertilizer
    petroleum refining and fertilizer

  • 05:40

    production are their largest uses of
    production are their largest uses of

  • 05:42

    hydrogen. But in food processing even
    hydrogen. But in food processing even

  • 05:45

    cosmetics it's basically a very well
    cosmetics it's basically a very well

  • 05:47

    known chemical commodity. And if you look
    known chemical commodity. And if you look

  • 05:50

    at where we produce hydrogen, we already
    at where we produce hydrogen, we already

  • 05:53

    produce more than 10 million metric
    produce more than 10 million metric

  • 05:55

    tons per year, mostly from reforming
    tons per year, mostly from reforming

  • 05:59

    natural gas. We have more than 1,600
    natural gas. We have more than 1,600

  • 06:02

    miles of hydrogen pipeline, a lot of
    miles of hydrogen pipeline, a lot of

  • 06:04

    people don't realize that. You can see
    people don't realize that. You can see

  • 06:05

    almost every state actually has large
    almost every state actually has large

  • 06:08

    central hydrogen production facilities.
    central hydrogen production facilities.

  • 06:10

    In terms of hydrogen stations there are
    In terms of hydrogen stations there are

  • 06:12

    now 25 retail, completely retail stations.
    now 25 retail, completely retail stations.

  • 06:15

    You can go pay with a credit card and 12
    You can go pay with a credit card and 12

  • 06:19

    to 25 plants in the Northeast. About a
    to 25 plants in the Northeast. About a

  • 06:22

    hundred in the works in California right
    hundred in the works in California right

  • 06:26

    now. So we talked about hydrogen it
    now. So we talked about hydrogen it

  • 06:30

    takes energy to produce hydrogen, but
    takes energy to produce hydrogen, but

  • 06:33

    because the fuel cell is so much more
    because the fuel cell is so much more

  • 06:35

    efficient on the total well-to-wheels
    efficient on the total well-to-wheels

  • 06:39

    or life-cycle
    or life-cycle

  • 06:40

    goal greenhouse gas emissions is what we
    goal greenhouse gas emissions is what we

  • 06:42

    really need to look at. We don't overhype
    really need to look at. We don't overhype

  • 06:44

    the hydrogen and fuel cell advantages
    the hydrogen and fuel cell advantages

  • 06:46

    and we look at the total of energy that
    and we look at the total of energy that

  • 06:50

    it takes and emissions from producing,
    it takes and emissions from producing,

  • 06:52

    delivering, storing and then converting
    delivering, storing and then converting

  • 06:54

    that hydrogen to fuel. So we across the
    that hydrogen to fuel. So we across the

  • 06:58

    offices at DOE continue to update these
    offices at DOE continue to update these

  • 07:01

    analyses, this is hot off the press, just
    analyses, this is hot off the press, just

  • 07:03

    one snapshot in time. Because this will
    one snapshot in time. Because this will

  • 07:05

    continue to evolve. But we look at all
    continue to evolve. But we look at all

  • 07:07

    the different technologies that are now
    the different technologies that are now

  • 07:09

    out in the market. These are some
    out in the market. These are some

  • 07:11

    examples and look at the range so today's
    examples and look at the range so today's

  • 07:14

    conventional gasoline vehicle gives you
    conventional gasoline vehicle gives you

  • 07:16

    about 450 grams of co2 per mile, to give
    about 450 grams of co2 per mile, to give

  • 07:20

    you a baseline. And then we look at the
    you a baseline. And then we look at the

  • 07:22

    range of co2 per mile for all of these
    range of co2 per mile for all of these

  • 07:25

    different technologies, so we can see
    different technologies, so we can see

  • 07:27

    they're all beneficial, they're all the
    they're all beneficial, they're all the

  • 07:29

    road. And we're already starting to
    road. And we're already starting to

  • 07:30

    reduce our total life cycle emissions.
    reduce our total life cycle emissions.

  • 07:33

    And now for the first time in history we
    And now for the first time in history we

  • 07:35

    have commercial fuel-cell cars on the
    have commercial fuel-cell cars on the

  • 07:37

    road and even if you produce that
    road and even if you produce that

  • 07:39

    hydrogen from natural gas we get this
    hydrogen from natural gas we get this

  • 07:41

    question all the time,
    question all the time,

  • 07:43

    you still have a total well-to-wheels
    you still have a total well-to-wheels

  • 07:46

    emission because there's zero carbon
    emission because there's zero carbon

  • 07:48

    from the tailpipe. Reduction of about
    from the tailpipe. Reduction of about

  • 07:51

    50% and then of course as you
    50% and then of course as you

  • 07:53

    go to renewables, California requires 33%
    go to renewables, California requires 33%

  • 07:56

    renewables now. You can see
    renewables now. You can see

  • 07:58

    that we're continuing to reduce the
    that we're continuing to reduce the

  • 08:00

    amount of greenhouse gas emissions. So of
    amount of greenhouse gas emissions. So of

  • 08:03

    course the big question is cost. So let
    course the big question is cost. So let

  • 08:05

    me quickly cover the cost status and we
    me quickly cover the cost status and we

  • 08:08

    have a number of technical targets. So the
    have a number of technical targets. So the

  • 08:11

    bottom line is we have to get, be
    bottom line is we have to get, be

  • 08:13

    competitive with other technologies.So
    competitive with other technologies.So

  • 08:15

    whether it's the fuel cell, $40
    whether it's the fuel cell, $40

  • 08:18

    per kilowatt is our target. Whether it's
    per kilowatt is our target. Whether it's

  • 08:21

    the hydrogen, in this case $4
    the hydrogen, in this case $4

  • 08:23

    per kilogram and you might see kilogram
    per kilogram and you might see kilogram

  • 08:26

    or gallon gasoline equivalent used
    or gallon gasoline equivalent used

  • 08:29

    interchangeably because it just so
    interchangeably because it just so

  • 08:31

    happens that coincidence of nature that
    happens that coincidence of nature that

  • 08:33

    one kilogram of hydrogen has the same
    one kilogram of hydrogen has the same

  • 08:36

    energy content as one gallon of gasoline.
    energy content as one gallon of gasoline.

  • 08:38

    So unlike other ethanol or others where
    So unlike other ethanol or others where

  • 08:41

    you have to do a calculation, that's it's
    you have to do a calculation, that's it's

  • 08:43

    roughly the same. And then for
    roughly the same. And then for

  • 08:46

    hydrogen storage as well these hydrogen
    hydrogen storage as well these hydrogen

  • 08:49

    is stored in tanks on board the vehicle.
    is stored in tanks on board the vehicle.

  • 08:50

    They go through bonfire,
    They go through bonfire,

  • 08:52

    gunfire, drop testing, crash-testing. Very
    gunfire, drop testing, crash-testing. Very

  • 08:57

    extensively tested for safety obviously.
    extensively tested for safety obviously.

  • 09:01

    And so let's look at where we are today
    And so let's look at where we are today

  • 09:03

    compared to where we need to be. So we
    compared to where we need to be. So we

  • 09:06

    have depending on the volume and Mark
    have depending on the volume and Mark

  • 09:09

    talked about manufacturing which is
    talked about manufacturing which is

  • 09:11

    really critical, so we have to increase
    really critical, so we have to increase

  • 09:13

    the volume and market penetration so at
    the volume and market penetration so at

  • 09:16

    low volume you know there aren't very
    low volume you know there aren't very

  • 09:18

    many systems out there, only about
    many systems out there, only about

  • 09:21

    a thousand or so commercial cars
    a thousand or so commercial cars

  • 09:24

    now in the U.S. So you can see the
    now in the U.S. So you can see the

  • 09:26

    cost is low, it's still much too high.
    cost is low, it's still much too high.

  • 09:29

    Same with the hydrogen at the station,
    Same with the hydrogen at the station,

  • 09:31

    same with the hydrogen storage. If we can
    same with the hydrogen storage. If we can

  • 09:33

    get the volume, get mass market
    get the volume, get mass market

  • 09:35

    penetration we get closer to our targets
    penetration we get closer to our targets

  • 09:37

    and we keep continuing to make progress.
    and we keep continuing to make progress.

  • 09:40

    So we need to get volume and we get
    So we need to get volume and we get

  • 09:43

    market penetration. So what's very
    market penetration. So what's very

  • 09:45

    exciting just in the last couple of
    exciting just in the last couple of

  • 09:47

    years we have buses now, a fleet especially
    years we have buses now, a fleet especially

  • 09:52

    in California over 15 million passengers.
    in California over 15 million passengers.

  • 09:55

    So these are in passenger service. We
    So these are in passenger service. We

  • 09:58

    have forklifts in the last couple of
    have forklifts in the last couple of

  • 10:01

    years as well, over 10,000 we're tracking.
    years as well, over 10,000 we're tracking.

  • 10:04

    Major companies Walmart, Coca-Cola, FedEx
    Major companies Walmart, Coca-Cola, FedEx

  • 10:07

    are using hydrogen fuel-cell forklifts.
    are using hydrogen fuel-cell forklifts.

  • 10:11

    Of course, zero emissions inside warehouses is one big
    Of course, zero emissions inside warehouses is one big

  • 10:14

    driver and, millions of hydrogen
    driver and, millions of hydrogen

  • 10:18

    refuelings. I mentioned Walmart, Coca-Cola,
    refuelings. I mentioned Walmart, Coca-Cola,

  • 10:21

    FedEx. One of the fuel cell developers said
    FedEx. One of the fuel cell developers said

  • 10:24

    that every 12 seconds one of their
    that every 12 seconds one of their

  • 10:26

    customers is refueling with hydrogen, so
    customers is refueling with hydrogen, so

  • 10:29

    we're getting lots of real-time
    we're getting lots of real-time

  • 10:30

    experience and also hot off the press, the
    experience and also hot off the press, the

  • 10:35

    Superbowl had a fuel cell mobile
    Superbowl had a fuel cell mobile

  • 10:38

    lighting unit instead of a diesel
    lighting unit instead of a diesel

  • 10:41

    generator that was providing light. So
    generator that was providing light. So

  • 10:43

    early markets were seeing. And Germany
    early markets were seeing. And Germany

  • 10:46

    just announced plans for the world's
    just announced plans for the world's

  • 10:49

    first hydrogen fuel-cell train that is
    first hydrogen fuel-cell train that is

  • 10:51

    supposed to be in passenger service next
    supposed to be in passenger service next

  • 10:53

    year.
    year.

  • 10:54

    Japan is one of the major leaders. I was
    Japan is one of the major leaders. I was

  • 10:57

    actually here while ago, this is the
    actually here while ago, this is the

  • 11:00

    world's largest town Fukuoka running on
    world's largest town Fukuoka running on

  • 11:02

    hydrogen. They have a hydrogen pipeline
    hydrogen. They have a hydrogen pipeline

  • 11:05

    coming from a steel plant. I walked
    coming from a steel plant. I walked

  • 11:06

    over this street by the way and a museum
    over this street by the way and a museum

  • 11:09

    with fuel cell, they have a apartment building
    with fuel cell, they have a apartment building

  • 11:12

    with fuel cells. A station. A bus. Vehicles.
    with fuel cells. A station. A bus. Vehicles.

  • 11:15

    So regional deployments. And besides
    So regional deployments. And besides

  • 11:19

    transportation, fuel cells are making
    transportation, fuel cells are making

  • 11:21

    headway in the stationary sector as well. So
    headway in the stationary sector as well. So

  • 11:24

    critical loads such as banks, credit card
    critical loads such as banks, credit card

  • 11:27

    companies, supermarkets twice already
    companies, supermarkets twice already

  • 11:30

    this has happened to me where I was at
    this has happened to me where I was at

  • 11:32

    the grocery store and all the lights went
    the grocery store and all the lights went

  • 11:33

    out.
    out.

  • 11:34

    So in terms of perishable loads, grid
    So in terms of perishable loads, grid

  • 11:37

    resiliency, we're seeing fuel cells take
    resiliency, we're seeing fuel cells take

  • 11:39

    off. And the new World Trade Center is
    off. And the new World Trade Center is

  • 11:41

    going to have over four megawatts of
    going to have over four megawatts of

  • 11:43

    fuel cells powered by natural gas. So you
    fuel cells powered by natural gas. So you

  • 11:45

    don't have to use hydrogen you can use a
    don't have to use hydrogen you can use a

  • 11:47

    number of different fuels. Aand this just
    number of different fuels. Aand this just

  • 11:50

    gives you idea again of electrical
    gives you idea again of electrical

  • 11:52

    efficiency. So their are a number of different
    efficiency. So their are a number of different

  • 11:54

    technologies, from EPA this shows you
    technologies, from EPA this shows you

  • 11:56

    again the benefit, one of the benefits
    again the benefit, one of the benefits

  • 11:59

    of fuel cells with very high
    of fuel cells with very high

  • 12:01

    efficiency conversion of fuel to
    efficiency conversion of fuel to

  • 12:03

    electricity. So we publish an annual
    electricity. So we publish an annual

  • 12:07

    reports every year which tracks the
    reports every year which tracks the

  • 12:09

    growth. You can see steady growth in
    growth. You can see steady growth in

  • 12:12

    hydrogen and fuel cell technologies over
    hydrogen and fuel cell technologies over

  • 12:14

    the years. 60,000 fuel cells were shipped
    the years. 60,000 fuel cells were shipped

  • 12:18

    worldwide in 2015. Most of this is this
    worldwide in 2015. Most of this is this

  • 12:23

    green area in the stationary sector. And
    green area in the stationary sector. And

  • 12:26

    people are usually surprised to learn
    people are usually surprised to learn

  • 12:27

    that it's small residential fuel cells.
    that it's small residential fuel cells.

  • 12:30

    Most of those are in Japan. Over 170,000
    Most of those are in Japan. Over 170,000

  • 12:33

    major companies like Panasonic, Toshiba,
    major companies like Panasonic, Toshiba,

  • 12:35

    these fuel cells especially since
    these fuel cells especially since

  • 12:38

    Fukushima provide power for the home.
    Fukushima provide power for the home.

  • 12:40

    They run on natural gas and provide hot
    They run on natural gas and provide hot

  • 12:43

    water so we're seeing a growing market
    water so we're seeing a growing market

  • 12:45

    in hydrogen fuel cell technologies. Now
    in hydrogen fuel cell technologies. Now

  • 12:49

    the big question is hydrogen
    the big question is hydrogen

  • 12:51

    infrastructure. So I'm going to end with
    infrastructure. So I'm going to end with

  • 12:53

    a couple of comments there and talk
    a couple of comments there and talk

  • 12:56

    about what can we learn from
    about what can we learn from

  • 12:58

    history if we look at infrastructure? So
    history if we look at infrastructure? So

  • 13:02

    if you go to gasoline in the late
    if you go to gasoline in the late

  • 13:07

    1800s, we had a vast
    1800s, we had a vast

  • 13:10

    infrastructure for kerosene for lamps.
    infrastructure for kerosene for lamps.

  • 13:12

    And when we moved to electric lighting,
    And when we moved to electric lighting,

  • 13:15

    that kerosene infrastructure became
    that kerosene infrastructure became

  • 13:17

    available for
    available for

  • 13:18

    gasoline, and we had cans, barrels, you see
    gasoline, and we had cans, barrels, you see

  • 13:23

    this guy getting gasoline out of this
    this guy getting gasoline out of this

  • 13:25

    barrel. We had pharmacies, general stores
    barrel. We had pharmacies, general stores

  • 13:28

    where you could actually go and buy a
    where you could actually go and buy a

  • 13:30

    little bit of gasoline, so it was widely
    little bit of gasoline, so it was widely

  • 13:32

    available. Many diverse options. And this
    available. Many diverse options. And this

  • 13:36

    guy is riding his bicycle transporting
    guy is riding his bicycle transporting

  • 13:38

    gasoline and pay no attention to the
    gasoline and pay no attention to the

  • 13:40

    fact that he's smoking here, so not much
    fact that he's smoking here, so not much

  • 13:42

    in terms of safety codes and standards.
    in terms of safety codes and standards.

  • 13:44

    And we actually had a number of
    And we actually had a number of

  • 13:47

    different home refueling methods. So we
    different home refueling methods. So we

  • 13:50

    had a gasoline tank. You had a hose
    had a gasoline tank. You had a hose

  • 13:52

    and you could refuel at home. In fact
    and you could refuel at home. In fact

  • 13:54

    between 1900-1915 there were about 70
    between 1900-1915 there were about 70

  • 13:57

    different home gasoline fueler models
    different home gasoline fueler models

  • 14:00

    on the market. So what history showed is
    on the market. So what history showed is

  • 14:03

    that we had a phased introduction of
    that we had a phased introduction of

  • 14:05

    different fueling methods. We had no
    different fueling methods. We had no

  • 14:07

    concept of today's gasoline station. We had
    concept of today's gasoline station. We had

  • 14:09

    dispersed methods, curb pumps drive-in
    dispersed methods, curb pumps drive-in

  • 14:12

    stations and then finally the self-
    stations and then finally the self-

  • 14:14

    serve stations that we know today. So
    serve stations that we know today. So

  • 14:17

    while states are putting in hydrogen
    while states are putting in hydrogen

  • 14:19

    stations, we now have one in DC that we
    stations, we now have one in DC that we

  • 14:21

    just opened in collaboration with the
    just opened in collaboration with the

  • 14:24

    National Park Service to fuel our cars
    National Park Service to fuel our cars

  • 14:26

    that we have here. And California, states
    that we have here. And California, states

  • 14:29

    are putting in regular retail
    are putting in regular retail

  • 14:31

    stations. And to complement that we
    stations. And to complement that we

  • 14:33

    issued the H-Prize to allow for a
    issued the H-Prize to allow for a

  • 14:38

    smaller option, again that concept of
    smaller option, again that concept of

  • 14:41

    providing that hydrogen easily
    providing that hydrogen easily

  • 14:43

    accessible. Small community fueling
    accessible. Small community fueling

  • 14:46

    whether it's forklifts or cars. And so
    whether it's forklifts or cars. And so

  • 14:49

    we're very excited to soon be able to
    we're very excited to soon be able to

  • 14:53

    announce the one million-dollar prize
    announce the one million-dollar prize

  • 14:55

    winner. So as we move forward information
    winner. So as we move forward information

  • 14:58

    sharing is really critical, and we
    sharing is really critical, and we

  • 15:01

    launched H2 Tools which is a one-stop
    launched H2 Tools which is a one-stop

  • 15:04

    shop for sharing hydrogen information. We
    shop for sharing hydrogen information. We

  • 15:07

    trained over 36,000 code officials. You
    trained over 36,000 code officials. You

  • 15:11

    can see the different regions across the
    can see the different regions across the

  • 15:13

    country where we're getting most of the
    country where we're getting most of the

  • 15:16

    interest in terms of the website. And we
    interest in terms of the website. And we

  • 15:19

    need to continue sharing that
    need to continue sharing that

  • 15:21

    information and we also need to make
    information and we also need to make

  • 15:23

    sure that we tell the story in terms of
    sure that we tell the story in terms of

  • 15:27

    the portfolio approach. So we really need
    the portfolio approach. So we really need

  • 15:29

    all of the technologies. It's
    all of the technologies. It's

  • 15:31

    not only one over the other,
    not only one over the other,

  • 15:34

    not an either/or situation. We need
    not an either/or situation. We need

  • 15:36

    batteries and fuel cells. We need
    batteries and fuel cells. We need

  • 15:38

    electricity and hydrogen. Aand we need
    electricity and hydrogen. Aand we need

  • 15:41

    we're looking at number of new options
    we're looking at number of new options

  • 15:43

    as well so net zero carbon fuels taking
    as well so net zero carbon fuels taking

  • 15:46

    solar or wind producing hydrogen so you
    solar or wind producing hydrogen so you

  • 15:49

    can basically take water, apply
    can basically take water, apply

  • 15:51

    electricity, split the water to hydrogen
    electricity, split the water to hydrogen

  • 15:53

    and oxygen, combine that hydrogen with
    and oxygen, combine that hydrogen with

  • 15:56

    carbon with co2 to produce net zero
    carbon with co2 to produce net zero

  • 16:00

    liquid fuels. So a number of options. And in
    liquid fuels. So a number of options. And in

  • 16:04

    terms of the newest vision that's
    terms of the newest vision that's

  • 16:09

    gaining momentum worldwide, we're calling
    gaining momentum worldwide, we're calling

  • 16:12

    it here at DOE H2 at Scale. And
    it here at DOE H2 at Scale. And

  • 16:15

    the so-called big idea concept proposed by
    the so-called big idea concept proposed by

  • 16:18

    our national laboratories. Here the
    our national laboratories. Here the

  • 16:20

    concept is, you can use renewable or
    concept is, you can use renewable or

  • 16:23

    other technologies obviously, clean
    other technologies obviously, clean

  • 16:25

    technologies for the grid and you can
    technologies for the grid and you can

  • 16:28

    either continue with batteries
    either continue with batteries

  • 16:31

    which as a means of storage, so electrons
    which as a means of storage, so electrons

  • 16:35

    to electrons, or you can produce
    to electrons, or you can produce

  • 16:37

    hydrogen and when the sun is shining the
    hydrogen and when the sun is shining the

  • 16:41

    wind is blowing and then store that
    wind is blowing and then store that

  • 16:45

    hydrogen. Either feed it back to the grid,
    hydrogen. Either feed it back to the grid,

  • 16:48

    provide real-time grid services,
    provide real-time grid services,

  • 16:51

    compensate for the intermittency of
    compensate for the intermittency of

  • 16:54

    renewables or you can inject that into
    renewables or you can inject that into

  • 16:57

    the natural gas pipeline. Some countries
    the natural gas pipeline. Some countries

  • 16:59

    are doing that now. Produce that hydrogen
    are doing that now. Produce that hydrogen

  • 17:01

    for vehicles, synthetic fuels as i
    for vehicles, synthetic fuels as i

  • 17:04

    mentioned, biomass. Number of other
    mentioned, biomass. Number of other

  • 17:07

    approaches that are, where hydrogen is
    approaches that are, where hydrogen is

  • 17:10

    needed. Such as the ammonia production
    needed. Such as the ammonia production

  • 17:12

    industrial applications or you can of
    industrial applications or you can of

  • 17:17

    course go directly from those renewables
    course go directly from those renewables

  • 17:20

    to hydrogen generation. So it's a way to
    to hydrogen generation. So it's a way to

  • 17:22

    decouple what we think of it in terms of
    decouple what we think of it in terms of

  • 17:25

    our conventional
    our conventional

  • 17:28

    stovepiped sectors. So finally, what can
    stovepiped sectors. So finally, what can

  • 17:32

    you do to help us? We have as of course
    you do to help us? We have as of course

  • 17:36

    everyone on the street knows, hydrogen
    everyone on the street knows, hydrogen

  • 17:40

    the simplest lightest element. The atomic
    the simplest lightest element. The atomic

  • 17:42

    weight is 1.008.
    weight is 1.008.

  • 17:44

    And Congress believe it or not
    And Congress believe it or not

  • 17:47

    introduced National Hydrogen Fuel-Cell
    introduced National Hydrogen Fuel-Cell

  • 17:50

    day as October 8 and you can help us
    day as October 8 and you can help us

  • 17:55

    by celebrating National Hydrogen
    by celebrating National Hydrogen

  • 17:57

    Fuel Cell Day. This past October we had a
    Fuel Cell Day. This past October we had a

  • 17:59

    National Press Club event. We reached
    National Press Club event. We reached

  • 18:01

    half a million people, again people just
    half a million people, again people just

  • 18:03

    don't know that much about hydrogen and
    don't know that much about hydrogen and

  • 18:05

    fuel cells. And I think it's the only
    fuel cells. And I think it's the only

  • 18:09

    element that has its own national day. So
    element that has its own national day. So

  • 18:12

    thank you again for your interest and
    thank you again for your interest and

  • 18:15

    please help us to increase your H2 IQ.
    please help us to increase your H2 IQ.

  • 18:18

    Thank you.
    Thank you.

All idiom
this is
//

idiom

Used to quote, paraphrase, or mimic the words of someone else, especially in a mocking or derisive manner.

EnergyTalks-Fuel Cells, Today & Tomorrow

1,004 views

Video Language:

  • English

Caption Language:

  • English (en)

Accent:

  • English (US)

Speech Time:

100%
  • 18:29 / 18:27

Speech Rate:

  • 147 wpm - Conversational

Category:

  • Science & Technology

Intro:

This is actually a really exciting time. in the history of hydrogen and fuel cell. technologies, which are actually not. as well known as some of the other. technologies like solar and wind and. batteries. And in fact when I moved to. DOE almost roughly 13 years ago, I moved. from industry and I told people I'm. moving from industry to government and. some people thought I was moving to NIH.. And I've always very perplexed and I was. wondering why are they thinking I'm moving to. NIH and then I realized they thought. fuel cells were the same as stem cells.. And so thanks for this opportunity to. spread the word and educate people, thank. you all for your interest.. So going back to the beginning of the. fuel cell program at DOE, it started in the. 1970s during the first oil embargo when.

Video Vocabulary

/tekˈnäləjē/

noun other

application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Of practical use of machines/sciences in industries.

/bəˈɡiniNG/

adjective noun verb

new or inexperienced. point at which something begins. To do the first part of an action; to start.

/ˈrəflē/

adverb

In a manner that is violent or not careful.

/ˈTHiNGkiNG/

adjective noun verb

using thought or rational judgement. process of considering or reasoning about something. To have an idea, opinion or belief about something.

/ˈejəˌkāt/

verb

give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to someone.

/ˈhīdrəjən/

noun

highly flammable gas.

/stärt/

verb

To turn something on.

/ikˈsīdiNG/

adjective verb

causing great enthusiasm and eagerness. To make someone feel happy, interested or eager.

/ˈhist(ə)rē/

noun

study of past events.

/ˈsīəntəst/

noun other

person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of natural or physical sciences. People who are trained in a science.

/əmˈbärɡō/

noun verb

official ban on trade with country. impose embargo on.

/ˈmanijər/

noun other

person in charge of staff or organization. People who controls and runs a business or group.

/THôt/

noun verb

Idea or memory. To have an idea about something without certainty.

/ˈwəndəriNG/

adjective verb

characterized by or expressive of desire to know something. To think or consider about something over time.

/ˈprōˌɡram/

noun verb

A computer application. To write computer code for a piece of software.