This video is supported by Brilliant.
This video is supported by Brilliant.

Over the last 100 years, air travel has become accessible to almost everyone through the
Over the last 100 years, air travel has become accessible to almost everyone through the

increase in airline safety and the reduction in ticket prices.
increase in airline safety and the reduction in ticket prices.

But as current airplanes continue to evolve, the limitations of physics have stopped us
But as current airplanes continue to evolve, the limitations of physics have stopped us

from going faster and further.
from going faster and further.

But what if there was a new method to Earth travel that would cut flight times massively?
But what if there was a new method to Earth travel that would cut flight times massively?

Space companies Virgin Galactic and SpaceX are trying to make this a reality by using
Space companies Virgin Galactic and SpaceX are trying to make this a reality by using

their rocket powered vehicles for super fast travel here on Earth.
their rocket powered vehicles for super fast travel here on Earth.

SpaceX plans to use their Starship rocket, primarily designed for Mars, to transport
SpaceX plans to use their Starship rocket, primarily designed for Mars, to transport

passengers to major cities on Earth.
passengers to major cities on Earth.

Since these flights would go above the Earth’s atmosphere, it would allow the rocket to reach
Since these flights would go above the Earth’s atmosphere, it would allow the rocket to reach

much higher speeds than an airliner.
much higher speeds than an airliner.

This means that flights to anywhere on Earth could be done in less than an hour.
This means that flights to anywhere on Earth could be done in less than an hour.

The ride itself would not be smooth, as passengers would experience g-forces during launch and
The ride itself would not be smooth, as passengers would experience g-forces during launch and

landing similar to riding a rollercoaster.
landing similar to riding a rollercoaster.

However, for the majority of the ride, the rocket would be coasting through space and
However, for the majority of the ride, the rocket would be coasting through space and

passengers would experience zero-gravity.
passengers would experience zero-gravity.

This makes the design of inflight amenities like bathrooms and food carts much more complex.
This makes the design of inflight amenities like bathrooms and food carts much more complex.

However, since the flight times would be so short, the need for such amenities might not be so high.
However, since the flight times would be so short, the need for such amenities might not be so high.

Virgin Galactic is also exploring the potential of Earth to Earth spaceship travel - but their
Virgin Galactic is also exploring the potential of Earth to Earth spaceship travel - but their

method is completely different.
method is completely different.

Instead of a rocket, Virgin is developing a rocket powered space-plane which can be
Instead of a rocket, Virgin is developing a rocket powered space-plane which can be

carried up to high altitudes and launched in mid-air.
carried up to high altitudes and launched in mid-air.

Both methods could theoretically reduce flight times by an enormous margin - but before either
Both methods could theoretically reduce flight times by an enormous margin - but before either

of these companies can launch passengers around the globe, they have to overcome a lot of challenges.
of these companies can launch passengers around the globe, they have to overcome a lot of challenges.

In order for SpaceX to get around the enormous amount of sound produced by their rocket,
In order for SpaceX to get around the enormous amount of sound produced by their rocket,

launches would need to take place far away from cities, perhaps out in the ocean.
launches would need to take place far away from cities, perhaps out in the ocean.

All of this will require more transportation for passengers getting to and from the launch site.
All of this will require more transportation for passengers getting to and from the launch site.

Virgin would likely have less trouble getting regulatory approval since their take off and
Virgin would likely have less trouble getting regulatory approval since their take off and

landing procedure is much more similar to traditional air travel and could use the pre-existing
landing procedure is much more similar to traditional air travel and could use the pre-existing

infrastructure of airports.
infrastructure of airports.

Virgin has plans to build a network of spaceports around the world including one in the south
Virgin has plans to build a network of spaceports around the world including one in the south

of England which is currently under development.
of England which is currently under development.

This additional spaceport would allow Virgin to perform transatlantic test flights to and
This additional spaceport would allow Virgin to perform transatlantic test flights to and

from their existing spaceport in New Mexico.
from their existing spaceport in New Mexico.

But even if both companies get passed the regulatory approval, they still face massive
But even if both companies get passed the regulatory approval, they still face massive

challenges in the form of ticket prices.
challenges in the form of ticket prices.

A rocket needs to be as reusable as an airliner in order to achieve similar ticket prices.
A rocket needs to be as reusable as an airliner in order to achieve similar ticket prices.

Although Virgin’s plan seems more familiar to current air travel, it will have a harder
Although Virgin’s plan seems more familiar to current air travel, it will have a harder

time achieving a reasonable ticket price.
time achieving a reasonable ticket price.

With such a small vehicle, only 6 passengers and 2 pilots can fly at a time, making the
With such a small vehicle, only 6 passengers and 2 pilots can fly at a time, making the

cost per ticket much higher.
cost per ticket much higher.

Despite the price, almost 700 eager passengers are already on the waiting list for a
Despite the price, almost 700 eager passengers are already on the waiting list for a

suborbital flight aboard VSS Unity.
suborbital flight aboard VSS Unity.

But before these passenger flights can become a reality, both companies will need to overcome
But before these passenger flights can become a reality, both companies will need to overcome

one of spaceflight’s greatest challenges, safety.
one of spaceflight’s greatest challenges, safety.

In 2017, the aviation industry had just 1 death for every 60 million passengers.
In 2017, the aviation industry had just 1 death for every 60 million passengers.

So far, the spaceflight industry has a rate of 1 death for every 32 astronauts,
So far, the spaceflight industry has a rate of 1 death for every 32 astronauts,

since out of the 570 people that have been into space, 18 have died.
since out of the 570 people that have been into space, 18 have died.

Meeting the safety standards remains a challenge across all commercial spaceflight, especially
Meeting the safety standards remains a challenge across all commercial spaceflight, especially

after the tragic crash of Virgin’s VSS Enterprise in 2014.
after the tragic crash of Virgin’s VSS Enterprise in 2014.

Although passenger travel could save us a huge amount of time, one thing that is often
Although passenger travel could save us a huge amount of time, one thing that is often

overlooked is the physiological impacts it could have.
overlooked is the physiological impacts it could have.

Travelling around the world this fast could have weird effects on our bodies since we
Travelling around the world this fast could have weird effects on our bodies since we

would be deprived of the usual day/night cycle.
would be deprived of the usual day/night cycle.

Passengers could wake up to watch the sunrise, then travel across the world to watch the
Passengers could wake up to watch the sunrise, then travel across the world to watch the

sunset in less than an hour.
sunset in less than an hour.

This rapid change in time zones would create a much more intense feeling of jet lag than
This rapid change in time zones would create a much more intense feeling of jet lag than

we are used to from regular airline travel.
we are used to from regular airline travel.

Whether SpaceX or Virgin Galactic can turn the dream of Earth to Earth rocket travel
Whether SpaceX or Virgin Galactic can turn the dream of Earth to Earth rocket travel

into a reality remains unknown.
into a reality remains unknown.

However, commercial space programs are making huge strides towards achieving this revolutionary
However, commercial space programs are making huge strides towards achieving this revolutionary

method of transportation in order to make our future much more exciting!
method of transportation in order to make our future much more exciting!

In order to achieve this ambitious goal, both of these companies will need to hire people
In order to achieve this ambitious goal, both of these companies will need to hire people

like you that are interested and passionate about all things space.
like you that are interested and passionate about all things space.

Even if you don’t have a formal science education, you can start your learning adventure
Even if you don’t have a formal science education, you can start your learning adventure

using Brilliant.
using Brilliant.

Brilliant is a website that makes learning accessible and fun.
Brilliant is a website that makes learning accessible and fun.

Their problem solving approach allows you to think critically about complex topics and
Their problem solving approach allows you to think critically about complex topics and

truly understand them.
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It’s about seeing concepts visually and interacting with them, and then answering
It’s about seeing concepts visually and interacting with them, and then answering

questions that get you to think.
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Their courses are laid out like a story, and broken down into pieces so that you can tackle
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There’s no tests and no grades — just pick a course
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based on what you’re interested in, and get started.
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To try it out yourself and support the channel, visit brilliant.org/primalspace.
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The first 200 people to sign up will get 20% off the yearly subscription.
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Thank you very much for watching and I’ll see you in the next video.
Thank you very much for watching and I’ll see you in the next video.