SabaaH al-kheir! Right now, we're going to talk about derived Arabic verb Form IV, or what we would call in Arabic
SabaaH al-kheir! Right now, we're going to talk about derived Arabic verb Form IV, or what we would call in Arabic

وزن أفعل
وزن أفعل

in terms of how we put together a Form IV verb, we take the meaningful جذر,
in terms of how we put together a Form IV verb, we take the meaningful جذر,

And then we add a couple of things to it.
And then we add a couple of things to it.

In the past tense, we would add an 'alif' with a 'hamza' and a 'fatHa' on it, and then
In the past tense, we would add an 'alif' with a 'hamza' and a 'fatHa' on it, and then

a 'sukuun' on the first letter of the جذر and then two 'fathas' over the remaining letters of the root.
a 'sukuun' on the first letter of the جذر and then two 'fathas' over the remaining letters of the root.

So the جذر 'Saad-baa-Haa'
So the جذر 'Saad-baa-Haa'

which has to do with mornings actually turns into a verb for 'becoming'.
which has to do with mornings actually turns into a verb for 'becoming'.

A very normal word for 'become' is a Form IV verb, أصبَحَ
A very normal word for 'become' is a Form IV verb, أصبَحَ

in the past tense,
in the past tense,

and then in the present tense,
and then in the present tense,

We add a 'Damma' to that first letter that's helping us conjugate, and
We add a 'Damma' to that first letter that's helping us conjugate, and

Then a 'kasra' to the middle letter of the root, so أصبَحَ, 'he became',
Then a 'kasra' to the middle letter of the root, so أصبَحَ, 'he became',

in the present tense, يُصبِح
in the present tense, يُصبِح

Remember that like all the other derived Forms II-X, this pattern is very very very regular. We aren't really going to encounter
Remember that like all the other derived Forms II-X, this pattern is very very very regular. We aren't really going to encounter

much in the way of strange exceptions. All Form IV verbs are going to have this vowel pattern.
much in the way of strange exceptions. All Form IV verbs are going to have this vowel pattern.

Form IV in terms of the meaning, the nuance of meaning that It gives our جذر, it
Form IV in terms of the meaning, the nuance of meaning that It gives our جذر, it

overlaps a little bit with Form II, if you read about Form II, وزن فعّل,
overlaps a little bit with Form II, if you read about Form II, وزن فعّل,

or if you watched the video about that form, it at its most basic usually has the core meaning of
or if you watched the video about that form, it at its most basic usually has the core meaning of

making someone or something
making someone or something

do Form I. أصبح يُصبِح is a particularly tenuous example, I'm not sure. 'Making someone morning--making someone become',
do Form I. أصبح يُصبِح is a particularly tenuous example, I'm not sure. 'Making someone morning--making someone become',

sometimes the logic is a little more
sometimes the logic is a little more

poetic than solid.
poetic than solid.

But, a couple of examples that might be relevant: we have a جذر
But, a couple of examples that might be relevant: we have a جذر

'kaaf-miim-laam', that has to do with
'kaaf-miim-laam', that has to do with

'being finished or complete,' and
'being finished or complete,' and

in Form IV we have a very handy verb, in the past tense أَكمَلَ
in Form IV we have a very handy verb, in the past tense أَكمَلَ

present tense يُكمِل,
present tense يُكمِل,

which means 'finish'
which means 'finish'

So in formal Arabic i might say 'Wow, I really need to finish my homework.'
So in formal Arabic i might say 'Wow, I really need to finish my homework.'

يجب أن أُكمِل واجبي
يجب أن أُكمِل واجبي

Before I go to the party or whatever. Another example that might come in handy:
Before I go to the party or whatever. Another example that might come in handy:

We have a جذر,
We have a جذر,

'Saad-laam-Haa,'
'Saad-laam-Haa,'

which has to do with being
which has to do with being

correct, or proper, or suitable, and in Form IV,
correct, or proper, or suitable, and in Form IV,

It's a verb that means 'repair.' In the past tense,
It's a verb that means 'repair.' In the past tense,

أَصلَحَ
أَصلَحَ

following that same exact vowel pattern. In the present tense, يُصلِح.
following that same exact vowel pattern. In the present tense, يُصلِح.

All of these verbs are conjugated for هو, because that's just convention in Arabic.
All of these verbs are conjugated for هو, because that's just convention in Arabic.

So I could say in formal Arabic,
So I could say in formal Arabic,

"My aunt fixed my father's car." هي...
"My aunt fixed my father's car." هي...

أصلحَتْ خالتي سيارة والدي.
أصلحَتْ خالتي سيارة والدي.

In formal Arabic we tend to put the verb first, so
In formal Arabic we tend to put the verb first, so

أصلحَتْ خالتي
أصلحَتْ خالتي

'My aunt fixed the car of my father.'
'My aunt fixed the car of my father.'

أصلحَتْ خالتي سيارة والدي.
أصلحَتْ خالتي سيارة والدي.

You tend to see Form IV verbs more in
You tend to see Form IV verbs more in

formal contexts, often written contexts,
formal contexts, often written contexts,

and very frequently in speech people will instead use fairly synonymous Form II verbs.
and very frequently in speech people will instead use fairly synonymous Form II verbs.

Verbs that mean pretty much the same thing, but follow that Form II pattern instead.
Verbs that mean pretty much the same thing, but follow that Form II pattern instead.

In both of these cases أكمَلَ, أصلَحَ
In both of these cases أكمَلَ, أصلَحَ

perfectly good Form IV verbs, we could use them in writing, we could use them in speech, but It would be a little bit formal,
perfectly good Form IV verbs, we could use them in writing, we could use them in speech, but It would be a little bit formal,

and it would be more common in, say, Levantine or Egyptian Arabic
and it would be more common in, say, Levantine or Egyptian Arabic

to use a synonymous Form II verb. If I wanted to rephrase this same sentence,
to use a synonymous Form II verb. If I wanted to rephrase this same sentence,

I would probably play with the word order a little bit, but I could say
I would probably play with the word order a little bit, but I could say

خالتي صَلَّحَتْ سيارة أبي
خالتي صَلَّحَتْ سيارة أبي

or something like that.
or something like that.

so we put the خالة first, because word order tends to work that way in
so we put the خالة first, because word order tends to work that way in

Egyptian or Levantine colloquial, and instead of أصلَحَتْ with that 'alif' at the beginning in the past tense,
Egyptian or Levantine colloquial, and instead of أصلَحَتْ with that 'alif' at the beginning in the past tense,

we've changed it to a Form II verb, صَلَّحَت. Or i could say, 'Wow, I have to finish my homework,'
we've changed it to a Form II verb, صَلَّحَت. Or i could say, 'Wow, I have to finish my homework,'

لازم أكَمِّل واجبي
لازم أكَمِّل واجبي

And in these cases, our sentences in فصحى, formal Arabic, and a more vernacular spoken kind of register
And in these cases, our sentences in فصحى, formal Arabic, and a more vernacular spoken kind of register

would be pretty much synonymous.
would be pretty much synonymous.

Even though I was using أُكَمِّل instead of أُكمِل, or
Even though I was using أُكَمِّل instead of أُكمِل, or

.أصلَحَتْ instead of صلَّحَتْ
.أصلَحَتْ instead of صلَّحَتْ

We do have to watch out though--there are some circumstances where it doesn't work. For example,
We do have to watch out though--there are some circumstances where it doesn't work. For example,

we have the verb يُعَلِّم in the present tense, يُعَلِّم, Form II,
we have the verb يُعَلِّم in the present tense, يُعَلِّم, Form II,

which means 'to teach,' 'to educate,' 'to instruct,' like what a teacher does at a school or a college,
which means 'to teach,' 'to educate,' 'to instruct,' like what a teacher does at a school or a college,

and in Form IV, it has a more specific shade of meaning. If i said يُعْلِم,
and in Form IV, it has a more specific shade of meaning. If i said يُعْلِم,

following that same Form IV vowel pattern, right? يُعلِم, 'Damma' here, 'kasra' there,
following that same Form IV vowel pattern, right? يُعلِم, 'Damma' here, 'kasra' there,

يُعَلِّم is more like 'educate,'
يُعَلِّم is more like 'educate,'

Whereas
Whereas

يُعْلِم
يُعْلِم

would be more like 'inform.'
would be more like 'inform.'

It's a subtle distinction, but one that is potentially important, and could change the meaning of what you're trying to say.
It's a subtle distinction, but one that is potentially important, and could change the meaning of what you're trying to say.

As always in a case like that,
As always in a case like that,

If you encounter a verb
If you encounter a verb

that's in a particular form, if you hear it or if you read it,
that's in a particular form, if you hear it or if you read it,

context Is going to be the best guide.
context Is going to be the best guide.