In Surah, Ar-Rahman, our Lord, Almighty, said:
In Surah, Ar-Rahman, our Lord, Almighty, said:

"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" 55:13
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" 55:13

In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?
In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?

and it is a repeated verse in this surah.
and it is a repeated verse in this surah.

Actually..
Actually..

It is more reasonable to enquire about the first of these repeated verses..
It is more reasonable to enquire about the first of these repeated verses..

in Surah Ar-Rahman..
in Surah Ar-Rahman..

verse 13..
verse 13..

saying; "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
saying; "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"

Because, as for the rest, it was mentioned..
Because, as for the rest, it was mentioned..

"We will attend to you, O prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]. " 55:31
"We will attend to you, O prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]. " 55:31

i.e. Humans and Jinn.
i.e. Humans and Jinn.

Yes.
Yes.

So, it was said..
So, it was said..

by experts of Tafsir..
by experts of Tafsir..

that; The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] are..
that; The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] are..

i.e. Humans and Jinn.
i.e. Humans and Jinn.

But, the first time we had this verse..
But, the first time we had this verse..

before it was repeated again..
before it was repeated again..

before it was repeated again..
before it was repeated again..

Yes.
Yes.

"The Most Merciful." "Taught the Qur'an. " 55:1-2
"The Most Merciful." "Taught the Qur'an. " 55:1-2

"Created man. " "[And] taught him eloquence." 55:3-4
"Created man. " "[And] taught him eloquence." 55:3-4

till the verse..
till the verse..

"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"

In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?
In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?

What I want to say is..
What I want to say is..

and it is not my saying alone..
and it is not my saying alone..

all the people of Tafsir and linguistics.. they say the same thing..
all the people of Tafsir and linguistics.. they say the same thing..

It is not a must..
It is not a must..

when you talk to a person or to a group of people..
when you talk to a person or to a group of people..

to say anything as an introduction.
to say anything as an introduction.

e.g. you might see two persons..
e.g. you might see two persons..

Then, you talk to them..
Then, you talk to them..

Where are you, two, going?
Where are you, two, going?

This is possible.
This is possible.

So, it is not necessary..
So, it is not necessary..

to say anything before this.
to say anything before this.

about what you want to tell them.
about what you want to tell them.

So, you can..
So, you can..

to talk to people.. directly.. for the first time..
to talk to people.. directly.. for the first time..

Where are you going?
Where are you going?

To where.. etc.
To where.. etc.

This is possible.
This is possible.

In spite of that..
In spite of that..

before the verse, there was an indication of whom the verse was talking to?
before the verse, there was an indication of whom the verse was talking to?

First, our Lord said:
First, our Lord said:

"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures[Al-Anam]. " 55:10
"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures[Al-Anam]. " 55:10

The word; [Al-Anam]..
The word; [Al-Anam]..

one of its meanings is; the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]..
one of its meanings is; the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]..

the Humans and Jinn.
the Humans and Jinn.

Some said, it means; The humans..
Some said, it means; The humans..

Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..
Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..

all of them are; [Anam].
all of them are; [Anam].

But, definitely..
But, definitely..

from its meanings..
from its meanings..

The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].
The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].

When Allah said:
When Allah said:

"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures. "
"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures. "

Definitely, this includes..
Definitely, this includes..

Humans and Jinn.
Humans and Jinn.

True.
True.

This is number one.
This is number one.

Number two..
Number two..

Before our verse..
Before our verse..

the first to be said.. is that..
the first to be said.. is that..

The speech was directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen]..
The speech was directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen]..

and, [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.
and, [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.

e. g. our Lord said:
e. g. our Lord said:

"And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance. " 55:7
"And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance. " 55:7

"That you not transgress within the balance. " 55:8
"That you not transgress within the balance. " 55:8

This speech is directed to [Al-Mukalafeen].
This speech is directed to [Al-Mukalafeen].

Right.
Right.

"And establish weight in justice.. " 55:9
"And establish weight in justice.. " 55:9

".. and do not make deficient the balance."
".. and do not make deficient the balance."

These are commands and orders to [Al-Mukalafeen].
These are commands and orders to [Al-Mukalafeen].

And [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.
And [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.

The word; [Al-Anam]..
The word; [Al-Anam]..

some interpreters restricts its meaning to involve the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] only..
some interpreters restricts its meaning to involve the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] only..

who are precisely, Humans and Jinn
who are precisely, Humans and Jinn

But, some said, it means; The humans..
But, some said, it means; The humans..

Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..
Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..

So, if we would consider the meaning to be restricted..
So, if we would consider the meaning to be restricted..

then the meaning is clear.
then the meaning is clear.

And if we would consider the general meaning that involves all creatures..
And if we would consider the general meaning that involves all creatures..

then the meaning is directed to a certain group of these..
then the meaning is directed to a certain group of these..

who are [Al-Mukalafeen].
who are [Al-Mukalafeen].

Because such a speech is directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen].
Because such a speech is directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen].

And, Humans and Jinn are [Mukalafeen].
And, Humans and Jinn are [Mukalafeen].

""O company of jinn and mankind.. " 6:130
""O company of jinn and mankind.. " 6:130

".. did there not come to you messengers from among you.. "
".. did there not come to you messengers from among you.. "

So, these commands were for them.
So, these commands were for them.

Humans and Jinn.
Humans and Jinn.

So..
So..

this indicates that the speech was directed to the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].
this indicates that the speech was directed to the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].

"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"

i.e. You; Humans and Jinn.
i.e. You; Humans and Jinn.

Okay.
Okay.

Dr. Fadel, may be we have a question here..
Dr. Fadel, may be we have a question here..

When our Lord, Almighty..
When our Lord, Almighty..

has directed His speech to [Ath-Thaqalan].. [plural of two]
has directed His speech to [Ath-Thaqalan].. [plural of two]

He said:
He said:

"And establish weight[Aqemo] in justice and do not make deficient[Tukhsero] the balance."
"And establish weight[Aqemo] in justice and do not make deficient[Tukhsero] the balance."

The verbs were in plural [of more than two].
The verbs were in plural [of more than two].

Okay.
Okay.

And He said:
And He said:

".. would you two deny[Tukathiban]."
".. would you two deny[Tukathiban]."

Yes.
Yes.

in [Plural of two].
in [Plural of two].

This can be said like this..
This can be said like this..

because, each individual from each group of the two has to establish weight in justice..
because, each individual from each group of the two has to establish weight in justice..

But, the other verse is talking in general.
But, the other verse is talking in general.

So, this is possible.. e.g.
So, this is possible.. e.g.

".. and at once they were two parties[Farikan] conflicting[Yakhtasemoon= in plural]." 27:45
".. and at once they were two parties[Farikan] conflicting[Yakhtasemoon= in plural]." 27:45

So, [Ath-Thaqalan] are not people only.. they are many creations..
So, [Ath-Thaqalan] are not people only.. they are many creations..

But, each individual of these..
But, each individual of these..

is required to implement this, in particular.
is required to implement this, in particular.

So, if he is going to weight a thing..
So, if he is going to weight a thing..

he must establish weight in justice.
he must establish weight in justice.

and not to make deficient the balance.
and not to make deficient the balance.

The verse is not addressing them as a group.. No!
The verse is not addressing them as a group.. No!

But, they are responsible as individuals to implement this..
But, they are responsible as individuals to implement this..

individuals of [Ath-Thaqalan].
individuals of [Ath-Thaqalan].

to do this.
to do this.