- All right, let's talk about crypto.
Now, you've probably heard the word Bitcoin floating around.
You might have seen the price
has been skyrocketing recently.
You might've seen that Tesla has bought $1.5 billion worth
of Bitcoin and is gonna start accepting it as payment.
And you might have heard
of all these weird things called a Dogecoin
which are apparently going to the moon.
As such, this video is my personal guide
to the world of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies.
It's the introduction that I wish I would have
had when I started investing in crypto about four years ago.
And it's the video that I wanna be able to send
to my friends whenever they ask me,
Hey are you investing in Bitcoin?
Why are you investing in Bitcoin?
How does it work?
Is it safe?
Are you gonna lose your money?
Isn't it illegal?
All of this sort of stuff.
So this video, which is for informational purposes only
and should absolutely not be construed as financial advice.
In the slightest, we're gonna split it up into four parts.
Firstly, I'll talk about what Bitcoin is
and how cryptocurrencies in general work
and why they work and why they're legit.
Secondly, we'll talk about why Bitcoin
and crypto is so controversial
and I'll share my hot takes about that.
Thirdly, we'll talk about,
why I personally do invest in Bitcoin
and crypto and I will share my portfolio allocation
and the reasons behind that.
And fourthly, we'll talk about
how you can get started investing in crypto.
If that's the sort of thing you want to do
with lots and lots of caveats
and cautionary tales along the way.
As always timestamps in the video description,
so you can jump around if you feel like it.
And if you new to the channel, hello, nice to meet you.
My name is Ali, I'm a doctor based in Cambridge in the UK.
And on the channel, we normally explore the tools
and strategies that help us live healthier,
happier more productive lives.
But I have a personal pension for the topic of money
and I think more people should learn
about money and investing and finance
and how it works and be open about that sort of stuff.
So here we are talking about this video.
Anyway, let's get into section number one.
All right, so let's take things back to basics to try
and build up our understanding of Bitcoin
from the ground up.
Now, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency.
There are hundreds of other cryptocurrencies out there
but Bitcoin is like the original, the OG.
And it's by far the biggest cryptocurrency around,
which makes the question, what is a cryptocurrency?
So here's my definition of a cryptocurrency
based on four central concepts.
A cryptocurrency is a virtual currency based on a ledger
which is decentralized and secured by cryptography.
All right, so firstly, Bitcoin is a virtual currency.
Now what is a currency?
A currency is just a medium of exchange.
It's what replaces the old school bartering system
we used to have, when it would be like,
I will give you this bushel of wheat
in return for the shoe that you have kindly made me
because you are a, I don't know, leather worker.
Obviously, that system of bartering is quite inefficient
because you have to store
a lot of stuff that other people want
and that's just a bit of a pain.
And so we invented currency in the form of coins
usually as a system that everyone recognized
to be able to exchange stuff
without having the physical goods.
So I could sell my bushel of wheat for two copper coins
and then I could save up my copper coins
and I could buy your shoes for 10 copper coins, for example.
Back in the day currency itself
was tied to metals like gold
and silver and copper, which had like different values.
And so the actual metal of the coins
was worth something because everyone agreed
that these metals were somewhat precious
but in modern times, most of our currency takes the form
of paper notes and paper notes
aren't inherently worth anything
because the paper is just worth paper
but currency is worth something
because everyone agrees that it's worth something.
If I take $100 dollars almost anywhere in the world
most people, I mean most places in the world
will recognize that $100 is worth $100
and I'd be able to buy $100 worth of stuff from it.
If hypothetically the whole world were to tomorrow decide
that the U S dollar is a meaningless currency
and they're not gonna accept it for anything at all.
Then the U S dollar would be worthless.
So really when it comes to currency
it doesn't mean anything real.
Currency is kind of just an abstract way
that we've all agreed to value things in a certain way.
So coming back to Bitcoin, Bitcoin is virtual currency.
It is a digital form of currency,
i.e. a digital form of paying for goods and services
and exchanging money over the internet.
Way back in 2009 when Bitcoin was first invented,
most people didn't believe that it would be a viable
form of currency, but over the last decade plus,
as Bitcoin has become more and more popular,
people are starting to say
that maybe Bitcoin could be the currency of the future.
Maybe in the future, maybe a few years,
few decades from now, we'll be paying for goods
and services using Bitcoin over the internet,
rather than by using these old school,
old fashioned centralized banking
and government institutions to exchange U S dollars
and our actual local currencies.
Okay, so that was the currency part of it.
We can think of Bitcoin or crypto as like "Internet Money"
or like "Virtual Money" or "Virtual Currency".
Let's now talk about the ledger system
that holds it all together.
And the thing to understand here
is that Bitcoin is effectively one giant huge spreadsheet.
This spreadsheet is called a ledger and in the spreadsheet
we've got a record of every single Bitcoin transaction
that has ever happened since January, 2009,
when Bitcoin was, was first invented.
And the way that I think of it in my head,
it's like, let's say you're going on holiday
with a group of friends and you don't wanna
kind of keep on splitting the bill
and handing over cash because that's a total nightmare.
Therefore, someone makes a spreadsheet
to keep track of who owes what.
And so line one in the spreadsheet might be
Ali owes Sheen 12 pounds,
line two might be Jake owes Molly, 18 pounds.
And the idea is that as our holiday goes on,
we would keep on adding stuff
to our spreadsheet or a ledger.
And at the end of the holiday, we would all settle up
and then actual money would exchange hands.
Now, assuming you trust your friends, to be honest
this spreadsheet actually works reasonably well.
You can basically treat this whole spreadsheet
as virtual money.
I am giving my friend virtual 10 pounds
in exchange for them paying for dinner.
Other friend is giving me virtual 20 pounds
in exchange for me paying for the boat ride.
Now that's fine for a group of a few people on holiday
but imagine hypothetically, if the whole world were to run
on a similar spreadsheet, where instead
of money ever exchanging hands like physically
it would just be a line item in the spreadsheet.
Now imagine a world in which everyone trusted
the spreadsheet and everyone was being honest
and good and nice and friendly,
and only adding legitimate things
to the spreadsheet that everyone agreed on.
That's basically what Bitcoin is.
It's this giant spreadsheet that keeps track
of absolutely every single transaction
that's ever happened regarding Bitcoin
since the start of Bitcoin.
And so that means that this spreadsheet
has a record of everyone in the world
who has ever bought and sold Bitcoin
and it tells you how much Bitcoin
they've bought and sold, so you can work out
how much Bitcoin each person has in their account.
Now let's say I have two Bitcoins in my account
which is quite a lot of money these days.
And I were to give one Bitcoin
a friend we could add to this spreadsheet.
Ali gives one Bitcoin to Jake.
And because it's all in one spreadsheet
the spreadsheet knows that my Bitcoin account
has now one Bitcoin and Jake's Bitcoin account now
has one Bitcoin in it as well.
Now, fundamentally, this is all Bitcoin really is.
It's just a giant spreadsheet
but it's got some other fancy features
that make it really really clever,
and that make it a potential candidate
for the currency of the future.
See, the problem with our ledger system
is that if it's on a spreadsheet
usually it's one person who's maintaining the spreadsheet.
So let's say I'm on holiday with friends
and everyone trusts me to do this, to be the spreadsheet guy
because I'm a massive nerd.
And therefore, anytime they want to post a transaction
they would say, Hey, Ali,
Catherine has given Lucia 10 pounds
and therefore I will add it to the spreadsheet.
This is fine because my friends trust me
and I'm a massive nerd,
but we don't want a entire system
of financial stuff based on this centralized model
because that's kind of what we have already.
Like every bank financial institution,
government in the world is some sort
of centralized authority that handles money.
And so the us dollar is tied
to the federal reserve and the U S government,
the UK pound is tied to the bank of England
and then it's all somewhat related
to like the international monetary fund.
And then like the government has something to do with it.
But essentially it's a small group of actors
like governments and banks that manage the financial system
for basically every country in the world.
And so the third part of our definition
of a cryptocurrency is that it needs
to be decentralized and the way that Bitcoin
and all these other cryptocurrencies work
is that there is no central person in charge of them.
There is no one person or one company saying, Hey,
I have got the master spreadsheet.
Instead, what happens is that every single person
in the world can have a copy
of that master spreadsheet if they want.
And so with Bitcoin, for example,
there are millions of people around the world
on their computers who each have a copy
of the master spreadsheet.
And each of those computers are running software
that's constantly checking to make sure
that master spreadsheet is legit.
And it's the same as every other copy
of the master spreadsheet on the network.
And that means that if you wanna hack a Bitcoin
it's quite hard to do because there's like millions
of people all around the world
who are helping to maintain it.
And it means that if you want to unduly influence stuff
like if you're a bank or a government
or some other evil person, it's quite hard to do
because again, it's decentralized.
It means that it's being maintained and managed by millions
of people all around the world, from their computers.
And now we get to the final part of our definition
which is that this whole system is built
and secured using cryptography.
So cryptography is a branch of maths and computer science
that's associated whether with like code making
and code breaking and cryptography
is how all of our communications are encrypted.
So for example, when you send a WhatsApp message
there is no way that WhatsApp
or Facebook can read the message
because it's encrypted by cryptography on either end.
And so only the sender and the recipient
can see what the message is.
No one in the middle can see what the messages is,
it's become encrypted, it's just like a bunch
of numbers that no one can interpret.
And the really clever thing about Bitcoin
and these other cryptocurrencies
is that they use cryptography to solve the problem
of trust and to solve the problem of centralization.
The problem of trust is that, you know, when I'm
on holiday with my friends, we all trust each other
and we know that no one's gonna screw anyone over
but in real life, that doesn't necessarily happen.
So your system needs to be secure enough
so as not to rely on trusting individuals.
And secondly, the problem of centralization,
i.e. it can't just be Google owning a Google sheet
that everyone gets a copy of
because Google controls it.
It can't just be Amazon, it can't be the U S government,
it can't be the bank of England.
It needs to be truly decentralized
in a way that everyone maintains and manages the system.
All right, now it's time for a little basic introduction
to the world of cryptography.
This is a little bit complicated.
If you don't want to hear it
you can skip to this timestamp down below
and that will take you to the next section
but essentially it cryptography is really, really cool.
And I am just now kind of dabbling
in the world of cryptography and trying to understand it.
So here are a few concepts and how I've kind of explained it
to myself in my head.
Essentially, a cryptography is based around the use
of one way functions called hash functions.
And the idea behind there is that you can put any message
or anything through a hash function
and it will spit out a totally random combination
of letters and numbers on the other end
in such a way that you can then reverse the function.
And so if we were to take my name and put it
through a hash function called SHA-256
which is the one that Bitcoin uses
but explaining it is a bit too hard.
We'll come out with this random string
of letters and numbers.
And now, if you were to just look
at that random string of letters and numbers
there is no way you can reverse the chain to go back
to what the original message was.
Now, Bitcoin uses these hash functions
to solve both those problems.
It solves the problem of trust
by using digital signatures based around,
secret keys and public keys
in this thing called "Public Key Cryptography".
And essentially it means that you as an individual
can have a secret key,
a password that no one else knows,
but then you have a public key
which is sort of related to your password
which other people do know, but that's fine
because they can never find out your true password.
And as long as you use your true password
to sign your messages, it's 100%,
basically 100% guaranteed that those messages are legit.
So that kind of solves the trust problem.
And we solved the decentralization problem
by using this concept called "Proof of Work"
where all of the different people on the network,
on the Bitcoin network
who are maintaining the system,
are called "Bitcoin Miners"
and what these guys try and do
is they essentially try and solve
a "Hash Puzzle", which just requires
lots and lots and lots of computing power
effectively involves guessing multiple numbers,
multiple, multiple times.
And this is a sort of lottery between everyone
on the network, so that if you are the lucky person,
who's plucked the random number out of thin air
that solves the "Hash Puzzle"
then your spreadsheet kind of gets saved
and then that saved state is permanent,
and then you get rewarded with some Bitcoin
for giving up your computing power
to help kind of maintain the whole thing.
And I'm using a lot of jargon
and this is actually very hard
to break down in like an easy way.
There are two sources I'd recommend
and I would recommend these, if you are actually interested
in learning how cryptography works.
Firstly, it's a video from one
of my favorite YouTube channels, 3Blue1Brown called
"But How Does Bitcoin Work?",
where he explains the basics
of hash functions and cryptography
and like SHA-256 and this sort of stuff.
And secondly, is actually an online course
from Brilliant who are very kindly sponsoring this video.
Now bear with me here.
So Brilliant is an online platform for courses
in math, science and computer science
and their most recent course
is all about cryptocurrencies and cryptography.
And it's got like tons of different bits in it
that really help you understand crypto from the ground up.
And I've been working through this course
on Brilliant for last few weeks,
and it's really helped improve my own understanding
of crypto and in fact, when preparing for this video,
I was just like redoing that course,
cause it's just so good.
And it like really nails it down
from first principles to explain how Bitcoin works
and the way they do it is they sort of create a Bitcoin
from the ground up and kind of explain
all of the maths behind it in a way
that's interactive and engaging and fun.
So if this stuff seems interesting to you,
if you want to understand how public key cryptography works
secret keys, private keys, decentralization,
hash functions, Merkel nodes, this sort of cool stuff.
You should definitely check out
that course over at Brilliant.
If you're one of the first 200 people
to hit the link in the video description
or head over to brilliant.org/Ali
then you will get 20% of the annual premium subscription.
And along with that, you'll get access
to all the other courses on math,
science and computer science as well.
I particularly like the course on Python fundamentals
and advanced Python.
Python is the world's most popular programming language.
So that's what I'm gonna say about the cryptography part
of like what are cryptocurrencies.
Definitely check out the course on Brilliant,
if you want to learn more about it
let's now move on to topic number two.
Why is Bitcoin and crypto so controversial?
So there's broadly four reasons
as to why Bitcoin is controversial.
Number one, the speculation bubble, number two,
the environmental impact, number three security issues
and number four, the threat of illegal activity.
Firstly, a lot of people say
that Bitcoin is a speculative bubble.
The price of Bitcoin is not based.
People say on any intrinsic value behind Bitcoin.
It is in fact based on people
like you and me thinking, Oh my God, Bitcoin's a big deal.
Therefore we buy it and therefore supply
and demand means that the price goes up.
People have been saying this since like 2011
when the price of Bitcoin was absolutely nothing compared
to the like the $50,000 that it is now.
And yes there is an extent to which Bitcoin
is a speculative bubble.
And in fact, when I invest in Bitcoin
I don't really think of it as investing,
I do in fact, think of it as gambling
which I'm gonna talk a little bit more about later.
And people would say that, for example,
when Elon Musk tweets that he's about to buy a Bitcoin
suddenly the price sores really, really, really high
that is not the sign of how a market would respond
to an underlying value increase.
It is in fact how the market would respond to speculation.
Elon Musk is buying Bitcoin
therefore, every one of the world is like,
Oh my God Elon Musk is buying Bitcoin
therefore they buy Bitcoin,
therefore the price goes up.
It's not like Bitcoin has fundamentally changed
because of Elon Musk's tweet.
It's just that people are speculating at it
which is why it's this sort of speculative bubble.
Secondly, Bitcoin is controversial
because of the energy consumption
and alleged environmental impact of the technology.
So because it is kind of decentralized and run by zillions
of computers, zillions of nodes, all around the world
people would say that those nodes use lots and lots
of energy use lots of computing power, therefore lots
of electricity in order to solve the hash puzzles
that the whole Bitcoin system is based around.
Now, the anti Bitcoin people would say that this use
of energy is not very good because it's bad
for the environment and it's causing carbon
to go into the atmosphere, et cetera, et cetera
just to maintain a system.
Whereas the pro Bitcoin people would say,
yeah, that's true but like we need
to use energy to maintain any system
and the actual banking industry uses far more energy
than Bitcoin does or will in the near future.
And they would say that these kinds
of Bitcoin mining farms are in countries
like Iceland and Greenland, where it's very cold
and where there's very like lots of cold air.
And therefore the cooling of it becomes more efficient.
And they would say that China does a lot
of Bitcoin mining and energy is cheap in China.
And then the anti Bitcoin people would say,
yeah, but China still produces a load
of environmentally bad stuff because of their excessive use
of energy in maintaining the Bitcoin network.
Ultimately, I don't know what the answer is,
there are pros and cons.
Everything kind of uses energy.
People say Bitcoin is bad
because it uses more energy than it should.
I don't know, I'm just, you know, don't shoot the messenger.
That is just one of the reasons
as to why people think Bitcoin is a bit controversial.
Thirdly, Bitcoin is controversial
because people are sometimes worried
about security issues.
Now, theoretically, the whole system is
sort of decentralized and trustless and like,
you know, maintained by these millions
of nodes all around the world.
In practice, there are these things called
"Crypto Exchanges", now these are big companies
sort of like the London stock exchange
and the New York stock exchange.
They're an exchange that connects buyers to sellers.
And because a lot of people who have accounts
on these exchanges also use the exchange
to store their Bitcoin.
Like the exchange also stores Bitcoin for you.
Like I have all my Bitcoin and Coinbase.
If Coinbase were to get hacked for whatever reason
then I might lose my Bitcoin.
And in the past kind of decade
there've been quite a few high profile hacking instances
where the exchange has been targeted
and users have lost their crypto.
In practice, this is not something
that I am personally particularly worried about.
If you're worried about it, you can do lots
and lots of other things to secure your Bitcoin
like use a hardware wallet.
There's loads of YouTube videos explaining that
kind of outside the scope of this one.
But security issues is reason number three,
why Bitcoin is controversial.
And reason number four, is the fact that Bitcoin
is sometimes used as a form of payment
for illegal activities.
Like let's say you wanna buy drugs
or you wanna buy bad things on the dark web
or whatever that means.
You can pay in Bitcoin and you can receive Bitcoin
and theoretically, your Bitcoin username
is like a random string of letters and numbers
that is not directly tied to you as an individual.
And therefore Bitcoin is a way that unscrupulous people
across the internet can facilitate payments
without needing to verify their identity with anyone.
In fairness, people can also do illegal things
with us dollars and every other form
of currency in the world.
But people would say like the anti Bitcoin people would say,
Bitcoin is bad because it's fundamentally anonymous.
And therefore, you never know who the actual person is
on the other end, unless you kind of trust them initially.
And therefore, because this even more facilitates
the use of illegal activities, this is therefore bad.
I don't buy that argument personally.
I mean the internet itself can be a good or bad thing
depending on the context in which it's used.
I personally think Bitcoin could be the future
and it is broadly a good thing,
but of course it could be a bad thing depending
on how it's used.
And so that brings us onto section three,
having said all of that about
the potential issues with Bitcoin.
Why do I personally invest in it?
And again, let's break this down into four parts.
Number one is FOMO, number two, gambling,
number three, fun and number four, diversification.
So firstly, I've got to be honest.
The primary reason I invest in crypto
is because I have a fear of missing out.
Like I first heard about Bitcoin in 2011
like everyone else did.
And then I'm thinking damn,
if only had bought Bitcoin in 2011
I'd be a multi-millionaire by now.
And I'd never have to work a day in my life.
And then for me, like every few years
I'd hear about Bitcoin and be like, Oh, it's, you know,
Bitcoin's now $100, but you know
if only I had invested two years ago,
Oh, but I can't possibly get it now
because it's $100 and that's way too expensive.
If I'd gotten at $100, Bitcoin is now worth $50,000
therefore I'd make a lot of money.
But like, you know, it's the sense of fear of missing out
which is why I personally do invest in crypto.
Secondly, crypto feels like a socially acceptable form
of gambling.
I don't really consider it an investment
anyway, I consider it gambling.
And I'm not a fan of gambling normally, but it's like,
it's kind of fun to gamble on Bitcoin.
And in fact, in 2017, the last time Bitcoin
had like a real heyday, I'd put in about 60,000 pounds
of my own money into Bitcoin
and I was plus 40K at one point.
Like my portfolio was worth 100 grand
and I'd only put in 60 grand.
So I'd made 40,000 in the space of a few weeks.
And that was like a very addictive feeling
because it was like within the space of a few weeks,
I've made more money than I would have made
in a whole year as working as a doctor.
Then I subsequently lost lots of money
in the December, 2017 crash,
and I ended up with like negative 35,000
or something like that.
And so that's a bit of a cautionary tale
but ultimately I do consider it a form
of gambling that I'm happy to engage in
with some amount of my money.
Thirdly, it's just kind of fun.
It's fun to be a part of the future,
it's fun to keep up to the news
like with the news about Bitcoin,
it's fun to look at the portfolio occasionally
and be like, Oh, are we up?
Are we down?
How are things going?
And it's fun to feel as if yeah,
to feel like part of this like revolution.
And I genuinely do think that Bitcoin could be the future
of money and I want to be a part of that
and that just feels kind of fun.
And fourthly, if I do think of it as an investment,
it's like I've got some percentage of my portfolio in crypto
and that theoretically helps me diversify my portfolio
which is otherwise mostly in stocks and shares.
And the way I think of it is that like
this is not generally true, but like assuming crypto
is not correlated with the broader U S stock market.
It means that if I invest in crypto,
if I gamble my money on crypto, cryptocurrencies,
it means that I hedge (chuckles)
kind of the risk of stock market going down
and losing money in that kind of way.
Not really legit because I do consider it gambling
and just like a bit of fun
but I'm throwing that in there to make this a list of four.
So what is my strategy
for investing slash gambling in crypto?
Well, these days I have about 20%
of my overall investment portfolio
in crypto in a combination of Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Mostly Ethereum because I actually bought loads
of Ethereum like four years ago and just held onto it.
So I think my allocation is about 80% Ethereum, 20% Bitcoin.
20% of my overall portfolio in crypto
is quite a high number.
Someone like Graham Stephan, who is far more pro
at personal finance than I am, and also has far more money
than I do has like one to 2% of his portfolio in crypto
as he talks about on his YouTube channel.
I have 20% of mine in crypto
and that's quite a high allocation.
Like the main thing with crypto
is that you only want to put in money
that you can 100% afford to lose
because it's quite a high risk speculative investment.
I don't think of it as an investment.
I think of it as gambling.
So it's like I'm gambling
with 20% of my overall investment portfolio.
That for me is a number that I'm happy with.
Like, I am happy with, like if tomorrow I lost that 20%.
I wouldn't care in the slightest.
I like to think it wouldn't affect
my mental wellbeing at all.
And I know this because when I lost 35,000 pounds in 2017,
which at the time was like half my net worth (chuckles)
it didn't affect me at all.
So I've kind of been through that losing large amounts
of money and realizing, okay, this is not too bad.
Therefore I've sort of put my arbitrary risk profile
that I'm happy with to be 20% of my portfolios in crypto.
The other 80% of my portfolio is in stocks and shares.
And that's sort of fairly standard, but 20% crypto,
80% stocks and stocks and shares.
This is probably a bit too high.
If I were talking to a friend,
again, not financial advice and you're not my friend.
So I'm not giving you financial advice purely
for entertainment and informational purposes only.
But if I were talking to a friend and they were like,
Hey I wanna put some money in crypto,
I'd probably say that 20% is probably a bit high.
Like you probably don't want to run the risk
of losing 20% of your money overnight.
If Bitcoin goes to zero, you might want it
to start with maybe 2% or 3% or 5%.
You know, something that you're a little bit more
comfortable with than a 20%.
So if you do want to get started,
firstly, you wanna understand the underlying technology.
So do that because over at Brilliant, you know
who are sponsoring this video,
that cryptography course that helps you understand
the underlying technology
and helps you understand why this works
and why I personally think it's legit.
Secondly, there are two things you need
you need a wallet to store your cryptocurrency
and you need an exchange where you can buy
and sell cryptocurrencies.
Now most big exchanges will also let you store currency
on the platform.
So I use Coinbase for everything.
Please don't try and hack my Coinbase account
but I use Coinbase for everything.
And so I have my Bitcoin
and Ethereum stored in Coinbase itself.
And I also use Coinbase as the exchange to buy and sell.
Coinbase is one of the biggest ones in the world.
There are a few others, you can always Google
like best crypto exchange USA
or best crypto exchange Pakistan or best crypto exchange UK.
I personally use Coinbase it's available in the UK.
It's very nice and easy, no affiliation with them
no affiliate links or anything like that.
But Coinbase, if you're watching this reach out
if you want to sponsor a video (mumbles).
In practice, you do wanna secure your account.
So obviously on my Coinbase account
I have two factor authentication enabled.
And if you really care about security, you can invest
in something like a physical wallets (chuckles),
which is like a hardware wallet
that stores your Bitcoin offline,
again, beyond the scope of this video,
to explain how that works.
But that is like a much more secure way
of storing your Bitcoin rather than having it stored
on the internet in an exchange like Coinbase.
So that was my beginner's introduction to crypto.
This has been a far longer video than I thought it would be.
If you're serious about investing
I recommend you don't start with crypto.
I recommend instead you start
with stocks and shares and that video over
there is my half an hour long introduction
to how to invest in stocks and shares for beginners.
I still have 80% plus of my portfolio
in stocks and shares and only 20% of it in crypto
that's a really high number.
For most friends, if I was talking to
and not giving financial advice,
I would recommend 95% stocks and shares and like 5% crypto.
So definitely check that video out.
Thanks for watching.
Hope you found it useful and I'll see you in the next video.
Bye-bye.