What is an NFT? How do I Buy one?
Why would I want to buy a digital file that I can just copy in a second?
Is it just another bubble?
Well, stick around,
in this episode of Crypto Whiteboard Tuesday
we’ll cover these questions and more.
Hi, I’m Nate Martin from 99Bitcoins.com
and welcome to Crypto Whiteboard Tuesday
where we take complex cryptocurrency topics, break them down
and translate them into plain English.
Before we begin,
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Today’s topic is NFTs.
NFT stands for Non Fungible Token, but what exactly is “Fungible”?
Well, you can think of something that is fungible as interchangeable
or as having no unique properties.
For example, if I have a one dollar bill and ask you to trade it with me
for a different one dollar bill
you probably won’t have any issue with that,
since they are basically two of the same thing.
Meaning both dollar bills are fungible.
However, if by chance,
you happen to have a rare dollar bill with unique markings
or a unique serial number like, say, 12345678
or a true binary serial number where all of the digits are either 0 or 1,
you probably won’t be so inclined to trade it.
These one dollar bills are extremely rare
and can be traded for up to 5000 dollars and more.
In other words, these bills are non fungible,
they are unique and have specific attributes
that distinguish them from the rest of the bills.
So a non fungible token is like a unique dollar bill.
It’s a digital coin that has unique attributes attached to it.
Fun fact, Bitcoin and many other cryptocurrencies
are considered non fungible in the sense that
you can attach a certain history to a coin.
Meaning, if a certain Bitcoin was used for illegal activity
it may be worth less than a newly minted Bitcoin with no history,
but more on that in another video.
Coming back to NFTs,
they are basically unique coins, but what are they used for?
Well, they are used to prove ownership of a certain digital file,
or a digital certificate of authenticity.
Confused? Don’t worry, let’s break it down.
When we look at a piece of art, a painting for example,
the original painting is always much more valuable than its copies.
And there are specific methods
you can use to validate the authenticity of that painting.
For example, receiving a certificate of authenticity.
But when it comes to a digital file,
how do you know what is the original and what is a copy?
And does it even matter?
Well apparently it does.
In the same way that people collect physical art,
digital goods are becoming very popular.
For example, I can write an ebook and sell the first copy of it as an NFT.
Whoever buys it from me will have the right to say
that they own the first ever copy of my book.
But here is where it gets tricky.
You see, it’s not that I gave the buyer any rights to my book
or anything tangible for that matter.
I only gave the buyer the right to brag that he or she owns the first copy.
So unlike buying a painting in real life and taking it home for example,
with an NFT you don’t have any power over the goods that you’re buying.
That’s why it’s questionable as to how valuable NFTs actually are.
I mean, an NFT is worth only as much as the next guy is willing to pay for it.
And if it doesn’t even exist in the physical world,
well… some people find it a hard concept to grasp.
Now let’s talk about how an NFT is actually created.
A creator creates a digital good,
this could be an image, a video, a tweet, a website
or anything else that lives in the online world.
The creator then creates a coin,v or more accurately a token,
on a blockchain that supports smart contracts
like Ethereum, Cardano or Solana.
This token holds within it
information about the digital goods that are being sold.
This information includes the token name, the token symbol
and a unique hash that proves the authenticity of the NFT.
Keep in mind that the digital goods themselve
aren't stored inside the token,
only attributes relating to them.
So while the NFT may point to where the file can be found online,
anyone can use that link and it’s not unique in any way.
Once the token is created the creator can sell it to someone else,
and that someone will be the new owner of that digital good.
To sum it up,
an NFT is a token on a blockchain
that acts as a digital certificate of authenticity.
It can be verified instantly
and also show the history of its previous owners.
Aside from being non fungible, or unique,
NFTs are also indivisible, easily transferable,
fraud proof and programmable.
This means that NFT creators can decide that royalties will be paid to them
each time an NFT changes hands.
Some examples of popular NFTs include cryptopunks -
a collection of 10,000 eight bit style pixel art images of… well… punks,
that are sold as NFTs
and their price has already surpassed several millions of dollars.
Another example is NBA Top Shot -
a marketplace where fans can trade NFTs of NBA moments.
These moments are video clips packaged as an NFT,
a bit like the trading cards we used to have back in the day.
Using NFTs for sports highlights
is another way players can make money by getting royalties
when a Top Shot moment that they are highlighted in
gets sold as an NFT.
Additional popular examples include Jack Dorsey,
the founder of Twitter, selling his first ever Tweet as an NFT
and the artist Beeple selling an NFT of his work for 69 million dollars.
Now that we’ve covered the theory, let's get down to practice -
how do you actually buy an NFT?
In general there are two types of NFT marketplaces -
centralized and decentralized.
The centralized marketplaces allow you to sign up
and fund your account using a credit card or other form of payment.
For example, Nifty Gateway is a centralized NFT marketplace
owned by the exchange Gemini.
There, you can buy NFTs using your Gemini balance.
On the other hand,
if you want to make NFT purchases through a decentralized marketplace
you’ll need a wallet that’s compatible with the blockchain your NFT was created on.
For example, in Ethereum’s case, MetaMask is the most popular option.
It’s a wallet that was built as a browser extension
and you can use it to log into decentralized NFT marketplaces
such as OpenSEA, Rarible or SuperRare.
We’ll leave links to all of these Marketplaces
and to MetaMask in the description below.
Once you fund your account or wallet
you can just buy or bid on different NFTs in the marketplace.
In the end,
an NFT is just a coin, or token to be more precise,
that is stored on your wallet just like any other cryptocurrency.
Keep in mind that unless you’re an avid collector
you’ll also need to sell the NFT at some point,
and NFTs aren’t very liquid.
In other words,
they don’t always have a market of people who want to buy them.
Just like it might be hard to find someone
who’ll pay thousands of dollars for a rare baseball or pokemon card.
As you can imagine, this market is very hype driven.
This could lead to a situation
where a person buys an NFT for millions of dollars
only to find out that he can’t sell it later on
since the interest in that specific NFT is no longer there.
So now we come to the question -
if all an NFT is basically bragging rights about a digital file,
what can I actually do with it?
Well, most people find some creative way to show it off.
For example, some NFTs are displayed digitally across art galleries.
Another creative idea that’s been getting quite popular
is to use a digital frame that can display the NFT
and hang it up in your house.
Alternatively you can use a physical print of the NFT
with a QR code next to it
pointing to your proof of ownership on the blockchain.
There are also online galleries inside virtual worlds
that are used for displaying NFTs.
As you can see,
the opportunities for displaying your latest digital artwork are abundant.
But NFTs aren’t used only for art.
Actually, anything that is unique or needs a proof of ownership
can be created as an NFT.
In simple terms,
an NFT is a term used for tagging something in the digital world as your own.
So anything that requires such tagging can benefit from the NFT technology.
For example, Decentraland is a virtual world
where users can buy digital land that can be sold or used for advertising.
Online games can use NFTs to prove ownership of rare digital items
that players can then start trading amongst themselves.
Unstoppable domains, which we’ve covered in the past,
uses NFTs to establish ownership of domain names.
NFTs can also be used as collateral in DeFi instead of cryptocurrencies.
It’s the equivalent of pawning something you own
in order to get a loan in the real world.
NFTfi is one example of a marketplace for NFT collateralized loans.
As you can see, the ideas are endless.
So are NFTs the next big thing
or are they just a craze like the 2017 ICO mania?
It’s hard to say.
On the one hand, it seems like everybody's talking about NFTs
and all the big companies are moving into this space.
On the other hand,
it’s hard to wrap your head around
the concept of people paying millions of dollars
for a digital proof of ownership without any claim in the real world.
I guess only time will tell what the future holds for NFTs.
That’s it for today’s video.
Hopefully by now you know what NFTs are -
cryptocurrency tokens that provide proof of ownership for a digital item.
You may still have some questions.
If so, just leave them in the comment section.
Finally, if you’re watching this video on YouTube,
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Thanks for joining me here at the Whiteboard.
For 99bitcoins.com,
I’m Nate Martin, and I’ll see you…in a bit.
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