- Hello, massagers.
Today, I'm gonna bring you the bones of the upper extremity.
And this is my beautiful model, Amber.
Thank you very much for volunteering.
She's actually my granddaughter.
And I drew them with markers.
This is what we use in the classroom.
I just use washable markers,
make sure that they're washable markers.
Okay, guys?
And it comes off in a washer too.
I bought these, real fancy.
I paid a lot of money for these body paints,
and they didn't work as well as the marker.
So again, I go back to my true and tried markers.
So you have your choice.
But what I want to talk about today are
the bones of the upper extremity,
which is the appendicular skeleton.
Okay?
The axial skeleton remember is your core,
including your sternum.
Right here is the sternum.
And this is the clavicle.
The clavicle and the scapula form the shoulder girdle,
along with the humerus.
Now, some books will tell you
there's three bones that make up the shoulder girdle,
humerus, clavicle, scapula,
and some books only tell you two,
the clavicle and the scapula.
So I think if you hear a variety and you wonder,
I did too at the beginning.
Why they do that?
I don't know, but I have watched a video from a doctor,
and he says, he mentions all three bones
make up the shoulder girdle,
which makes sense to me, you know?
So I'm gonna start with the clavicle.
The clavicle is the bone that breaks the easiest.
It gets fractured the easiest.
And it's because it's really kind of the rib.
The first rib is underneath, you know,
underneath the clavicle.
And the clavicle is joined right here at the sternum
by the sternoclavicular joint and sternoclavicular tendon.
That's the only joint in the upper part
that joins the axial skeleton
with the appendicular skeleton.
It's right here at the sternoclavicular joint.
Then you have your chromium.
Your chromium right here is the lateral part
of the clavicle.
And the chromium is part of the scapula.
So you have your acromioclavicular joint right here
and acromioclavicular ligament and tendon right here.
The clavicle's a little bit shaped like in an S.
And now for the scapula,
you've got several parts that you need to remember.
You've got your lateral side
because that's on the lateral side of the body.
And then you've got to the medial side
because it's on the medial side of the body.
You've got your inferior side, superior side,
and then you have the spine of the scapula,
which is, you know, you can feel it.
You can actually feel.
It feels really bony.
And right around here's a little thicker.
Ana the supraspinatus is on top.
Supra means on top.
So there's three fossas to the scapula.
So in the superior fossa is the supraspinatus,
the infraspinatus, infra, below, below.
So whenever you're massaging somebody,
you can really feel where the spine of the scapula is
and feel where the, where the muscles are.
And the supraspinatus goes underneath our chromium process,
'cause the chromium process is like a little hook,
and the supraspinatus goes underneath to attach
at the head of the humerus.
So the infraspinatus teres minor originates
right here from the lateral part of the scapula
and also goes to the humerus.
Okay?
And then the teres major is underneath that.
So make sure that you know your scapula,
so that the chromium process,
think of the Acropolis.
The Acropolis is the highest mountain.
And so the chromiun process is the highest part,
is that real bony part at the top of your shoulder,
that's your chromium process.
And then the coracoid process is on the anterior part.
Looks like a little hook,
looks like the little hook from the scapula.
And I know it's weird guys,
because I know that when I first started learning,
I kept thinking, how come the scapula's
on the posterior part?
How can it be on the anterior part?
However, it is on the anterior part.
The chromium processor is up here,
and the coracoid process, you can feel it.
It feels a little, and be careful,
because there's three muscles that insert here.
The short head of the biceps
and the brachialis originate here.
And the insertion of the pec minor is also right here.
So you have three muscles
that insert right here, two that originate
and then the insertion of the pec minor.
So here are the ball of the humerus.
This is the one that articulates right here
with a fossa of the scapula.
So you've got your glenohumeral joint, glenohumeral joint.
And the thing that I try to teach my students is
that they're really, the names of the joints,
if you know your bones, you will know your joints
because joint articulations join two bones together.
So this is the sternal because it's on the sternum.
Clavicular because it's on the clavicle.
So sternoclavicular joint, the chromium clavicular joint,
you know, so when you have the joints,
that usually has the name
of the two bones that it's joining.
So like I said, if you know, 206 bones,
you will know, 206 or twice as many articulations.
And articulations is just another name for joints.
So here you have your humerus.
And it's the longest bone on the upper extremity.
And here's your deltoid tuberosity.
What that means is just, you know,
it's a little bit more protruding.
And I know that when you're massaging,
a lot of people think that that's a knot,
and they try to work it out,
but really what it is is where the deltoid inserts.
Remember that origins are closer to the midline of the body
and insertions are further away.
So the deltoid tuberosity is where the deltoid inserts,
and the deltoid is the most superficial muscle
of the arm, and the supraspinatus assists the deltoid
to abduct the arm.
So now let's move down here.
You have your radius.
Your radius is on the, if you're standing
in anatomical position, it's on the side of the thumb.
Okay?
So your radius is right here on the side of the thumb.
And I'm sorry, I didn't do a very good job drawing,
(laughing) but you've got your radius here.
The radius is a little bit shorter than the ulna.
The ulna is a little bit longer bone.
Then you have your interosseous membrane.
And I should have drawn it on the anterior part.
And I drew it on the posterior part.
But the interosseous membrane,
it's a membrane that joins the radius with the ulna
so that when you supinate,
remember when you're holding a bowl of soup,
you're gonna supinate.
You know, supination, supination.
Pronation is spilling the soup.
Supination is when you're holding a bowl of soup.
Pronation is when you spill the soup.
And the radius bone rolls over the ulna bone
to do pronation, okay?
So the interosseous membrane, it's a little membrane
that makes the bones a little bit more flexible and lighter.
So it's easier for them to roll over.
Okay?
So that's what the interosseous membrane helps with,
the supination and pronation.
So the radius is on the thumb side,
and then the ulna is on the pinky side.
And then you have your hand bones.
(laughing) I drew 'em right here.
So you've got your eight carpals.
Carpals are the ones that you use to drive your car.
Carpals for car.
Tarsals is for the T with a T is for your toes.
So if you want to know the difference
between carpals and tarsals,
think of carpals is what you use to drive your car,
and tarsals is with a T, are on your feet.
So you have eight carpals.
You have five metacarpals starting with number one, two,
three, four, five metacarpals, and then 14 phalanges.
I know that when my students first start
and they hear 206 bones,
they get really, you know, freaked out.
But think about this.
You have 54 bones just on both of your hands.
That's half of the bones of 200, you know, over 200 or 216,
you know, 54 are in each hand.
You have eight carpals, five metacarpals, and 14 phalanges,
and each hand a total of 54 in both hands.
The thumb only has two phalanges,
the proximal and the distal.
Now the other ones have the proximal, medial, and distal.
So there's 12 right here.
Two in the thumb, five metacarpals and eight carpals.
So anyway, those are the bones of the upper extremity.
And you have the same.
You'll have two clavicles, two scapulas, two humerus,
two radius, two ulnas, you know, two sets of eight carpals,
two sets of five metacarpals,
and then 14 sets of phalanges.
Because we're counting both, okay?
So that's the upper extremity.
And remember that the clavicle
and the scapula and the humerus form the shoulder joint,
the shoulder girdle.
And they are part of the appendicular skeletal.
The axial skeletal is in the middle.
And I'm gonna do that in lesson three.
So the next time I'm gonna do the lower extremity.
We'll be doing the leg, okay?
So I just want to take it in sessions for you guys.
You know, since I am now teaching online,
I'm trying to make this very accessible to my students,
especially now that things have changed.
And I hope this helps you.
I hope you subscribe to my YouTube
and follow me on Instagram and Massage Therapeutics 915.
And until the next time, create a great day.
And please leave comments.
I really appreciate the comments,
and I get back to each one of you.