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Hello! Hello! I'm Laura. And I'm Bez. And we are going to explain the four conditionals,
how to make them and when to use them! Let's get started, take it away, Bez! So there are
four different types of conditionals, the first one annoyingly is called the zero conditional,
so the zero conditional- I want you to imagine a zero, a circle because we use the zero
conditional when we talk about something that is always true, like a circle, it is complete,
like a perfect cycle that is always true. When this happens, this happens, when this happens,
this happens, when this happens, this happens, when this happens, when this happens,
this happens. Everything is perfectly balanced, if I go to school, I learn, if I go to a restaurant,
I eat, if I go to the toilet, I poo. Now I know what you're thinking, Bez you beautiful boy, how
do we make the zero conditional? All we need to do is make sure that both clauses are in the present
simple. If I slap myself, it hurts, if I feel okay, I don't go to the doctor. So if I feel
and don't go, everything is in the present simple. I think it's my turn.
Okay let's talk about the future with the first conditional, see what we did there?
Future, first conditional, remember the F, okay? Because the first conditional is about the future,
we use the first conditional when we want to talk about things that are likely to happen in
the future, things that will happen if something else happens or things that should happen if
something else happens. We need to use if and the present simple then for the other clause
you can either use the future simple, I will or you can use an imperative, do this, a command
or you can use words like can or must. Let me give you a few examples, so if I shave my head,
I will look like an egg, okay? So we've got if I shave, shave, present simple, okay? So if
present simple, if I shave... what will happen if I shave my head? What will happen is I will
look, there's the future simple, I will look like an egg, okay? You can swap that I will look
like an egg if I shave my head, you can swap them round. Now let's look at a command, so if you see
John tonight, tell him I'm sick, we're saying if this happens, do this, it's a command. Okay,
so we could say that or with the first conditional we could say something like this:
if you see a fire, you must ring the alarm. Now the biggest mistake I hear with the first
conditional is people use the future simple for both clauses, so I hear this a lot, if I
will go to America, I will see my family, only one needs to be the future simple,
imperative or can and must, the other one needs to be present simple, okay? So if I go to America,
I will see my family. Hello, me again. Now let's talk about the second conditional, now for the
second conditional, I want you to imagine a second universe like a parallel universe,
because with the second conditional we talk about things that are hypothetical,
like there is a hypothetical world where some things are different. So how do we make it?
We have to say if with the past simple and the other clause needs to use the conditional simple.
That sounds complicated but let me explain, so we just need the words would or wouldn't and then
the verb in its bare form, bare not bear. So for example I would buy it, would buy it so the verb
buy it's just in its bare form, or in the negative I wouldn't buy it. So together a sentence might
look like this: if I won the lottery, I would buy a car. Just a quick note, with the if clause, be
turns into were, be into were. So for example, if I were taller, I would be a basketball player or
swap them the other way around, I would be a basketball player
if I were taller. Now for the third conditional, I want you to imagine three witches
and these witches can travel in time and see the outcome of different choices, they are able
to see what would have happened if a different choice was made or a different action happened,
because that is exactly what we use the third conditional for, we use the third conditional when
we want to talk about imaginary situations in the past, so when we want to think about what would
have happened if something different happened, so we look back at the past and we think 'ah
if this was different, this would happen', obviously we can't change it now but we're just
imagining how life would be different if something else had happened or if the day had been different
if something else had happened again, it's just hypothetical, we're just imagining. So how do
we make it? You need if and the past perfect, if you don't know how to make the past perfect
look at one of my videos on the past perfect, I will link it down below, then you need the
conditional perfect which sounds very intense but it's not. All you need is would or wouldn't,
then have then the past participle of the verb, so let's make a sentence in the third conditional,
okay? So we're going to start with if we're going to start with our if clause, so we know that with
if in the third conditional we need to use the past perfect so let's say: if she had
worked harder because worked is the past participle of work if she had worked harder,
okay what would have happened if she had worked harder? We're going to talk about
what the different outcome would have been in the past, we can't change it now but we're just
imagining how life would have been different for her, okay? So now we need the conditional perfect,
she would because we're doing a positive sentence she would have, we need have,
she would have gone, past participle, of go, she would have gone to university, okay?
If she had worked harder she would have gone to university or swap them, she would have gone to
university if she had worked harder, it sounds complex, it just takes practice. So imagine the
three witches looking into different outcomes of people's choices and people's actions in the past
because that's what you are doing you are thinking about imagined situations in the past,
different outcomes, different results. And those are the four conditionals! Annoyingly,
I don't know why it's zero one two three, that's so annoying, I feel like it should be
one two three four. But we have zero first second third. It's not extremely important that you know
zero conditional first conditional second- as long as you know how to make those sentences,
I don't care how much grammar you know in your head, it's fine, as long as you can make the
sentences, if you need them. My best advice is either depending on what works for you,
if you are a writer, see how many sentences you can write in these different conditionals,
if you work better verbally then see if you can record yourself on your phone making all these
different sentences and those conditionals or if you have a language partner, practice with them,
it's really good to practice with a native speaker ideally or anyone who speaks English. Thank you
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