Elon Musk has said that the Tesla Model S Plaid features some of the most advanced secret
technology on earth. What are these “practically alien” innovations he’s referring to?
Come along for a drive with me and let’s explore the most
interesting technical highlights of the vehicle.
The 2022 Tesla Model S Plaid is a frankenstein creation of the 0-60 EV arms race, half grocery
sedan, half million dollar hypercar. A polite whizzing and beeping robot on wheels whose
acceleration outpaces human reaction time and humbles every other car on the road.
When you step into the cockpit, you’re entering a new automotive paradigm that redefines your
perception of time and space. An alternate universe where 120MPH is 60, and the controls
are a low latency human machine interface tied directly into your nervous system.
Elon described the car as a Spaceship, and while the driving experience is out of this world,
and a yoke is normally found on an aircraft,
The Tesla Model S Plaid is the quickest production car on earth.
The plaid features a few key upgrades that push
the limits of physics and make it different than any Tesla before it.
Let’s first bring the car behind enemy lines
at the drag track and explore her most publicized feature.
The Model S Plaid has a special drag strip mode to
produce maximum acceleration for racing and demonstration.
Select drag mode and the plaid Tesla begins a high performance thermoregulation regime,
running glycol through the heat exchanger to cool a synthetic oil which is pumped to
the vehicles 3 drive units, one up front, and two in the rear.
Push down on the brake and accelerator simultaneously,
and the car’s front end crouches into a Cheetah stance in preparation for launch.
Foot off the brake, and the vehicle launches...
Notice the front end lift slightly skywards as the
weight is gravimetrically transferred to the rear tires during peak acceleration.
The acceleration is a physical experience. The G-force pushes your spine into your
seat horizontally with a force over 1.2 times your bodyweight.
This low vibration, linear acceleration feels like a pulling sensation,
as if an invisible steel cable was steadily pulling you down the track, as opposed to
a combustion engined car, which feels more like being pushed along by a rumbling rocket.
But what makes the plaid’s powertrain different than any other electric car on the road?
The rear motor assembly is the Plaid’s most significant upgrade.
It consists of two souped up Model 3 drive units placed back to back,
housed symmetrically inside a precision aluminum subframe.
These rear motors are coupled directly to each wheel with a single speed transmission.
In electric vehicles, you really only need one gear because the motors operate at higher RPM’s
than internal combustion engines, and produce stronger torque at low RPM’s.
Essentially, the plaid needs to reduce the speed of rotation from the high speed electric motor,
to deliver optimal wheel torque.
Tesla opted for a 7.5 to 1 gear ratio, which means for every 7 and a half turns of the rotor,
(the spinning component inside the motor) the tire will complete one full rotation.
So to achieve Tesla’s stated top speed of 200 MPH,
the motor would need to redline at approximately 24,000 RPM.
To achieve such high performance, Tesla had to think outside the box
and incorporate some exotic materials and novel engineering methods...
It’s hard to grok how powerful these little motors are. At max RPM’s this whining,
hot mass of neodymium magnets is so energetically dense, it’s like a little pulsar star.
Just like the battery and range equation, the limitations and
constraints of EV motor performance come down to material science and engineering.
It’s just hard to make a motor this size spin that fast without it blowing apart or overheating.
All 3 permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motors contain an innovative
carbon fiber sleeved rotor instead of a traditional metal sleeved rotor.
This carbon fiber sleeve constrains the copper rotor from expanding due to radial acceleration,
permitting higher RPM’s and creating a stronger electromagnetic field. This
gives the car a very linear powerband with peak horsepower at 80MPH all the way up to 200 MPH.
although.. the current top speed is electronically limited to 163 MPH to keep things reasonable.
But the incredible thing about modern EV’s is that they’re fundamentally controlled by software,
and massive performance gains can be unlocked with over the air updates.
But why is Uncle Elon holding back,
is he scared to give Tesla customers more car than they can handle?
It appears a software update can unlock double century speed,
but you might need some hardware upgrades, if you want to be able to stop.
A curious listing for a Plaid Carbon Ceramic Brake kit popped up on Tesla’s website,
and It seems Tesla is waiting to ship this improved stopping power,
before they unlock 200MPH to regular customers.
Elon frequently argues that building a factory is about 100 times harder than building a car,
and it’s the machine that builds the machine that represents the greatest engineering challenge.
For the carbon sleeved rotor, this proved true yet again.
On twitter Elon Said, The Plaid carbon-wrapped motor is arguably the
most advanced motor on Earth outside of maybe a lab somewhere. We have to keep some secrets!
Elon is referring to the manufacturing process. Tesla found a way to tightly wrap
the rotor in carbon fiber without the use of heat, which could weaken the magnets.
They accomplished this by “Winding the fiber over the rotor at a high tension
load with a custom machine designed by Tesla automation”
It’s incredible how all this engineering work happens on the backend, but let’s
talk about the differences you can actually see..
In terms of Design, notice the wider fender flares to accommodate wider wheels,
different rear paneling, a reworked hood, plus a carbon fiber spoiler.
The bulging body work signals the vehicles more powerful internals,
but in electric vehicles there’s no need for a long sweeping hood, massive air intake,
or a big shiny grill. Cargo cult relics of 125 years of luxury heat engine design tradition.
The Tesla Plaid maintains an understated
appearance with subtle hints that it contains something extra ordinary,
but somehow still manages the lowest drag coefficient of any production car ever built.
What's the fastest you been in it so far? So, this car I'm running about 9.5 seconds
woohoo Stock. what do you think about electric cars?
I think Tesla bad as hell. Nice, what does this thing run?
It's a grudge car, so you know, you can't tell time with a grudge
car. A race for money car. Oh, OK
But I see the record is 9.16 in those right now, right?
Yeah I believe so that's fly man
I think Tesla did a great job with these cars, I like them, I really like them.
The record ¼ mile speed for the plaid is is 9.081 seconds at 154.10 mph,
and the car produces 1,020 horsepower and 1,050 lb-ft of torque.
But there’s a lot more to a car than just driving fast in a straight line...
Normally a yoke is found on aircraft, where a pilot can actually pull up to control altitude,
pitch, and roll. On the Tesla, it’s just a steering wheel with the top half cut off. It
can be a bit, disorienting at low speeds until you get used to it, and it takes a bit of, practice.
Tesla is setting the table for fully autonomous driving with a smaller,
more compact steering profile that reduces central gauge cluster obstruction.
It’s a spooky sight to see that yoke moving all on its own while cornering sharp turns,
but how does it actually work mechanically?
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The Model S Plaid uses a rack and pinion steering system. When you turn the yoke, you're engaging a
gear which translates the rotational motion into linear motion, moving the direction of
the wheels from side to side with a little electric assist. All pretty standard so far.
But here’s where things get autonomous,
There’s a simple brushless DC motor and control board mounted right on the steering
rack inside the front sub frame. When autopilot is engaged, this motor drives a belt connected
directly to the input shaft, turning the yoke just like a human driver would.
This elegant belt-driven steering rack is robust enough to handle the maneuvering demands of any
real-life scenario, as soon as the software can catch up to this crazy simulation we call reality.
On the road the car feels balanced and sporty, but you can sense the
power assisted steering compensating for the extra weight of the battery.
The plaid’s ride height is a bit lower than previous models, which improves handling,
and it’s bolstered by Tesla’s new air suspension with adaptive damping.
A computer is pinging sensors on the cars suspension 1,000 times per second making
rapid adjustments to minimize body roll and isolate road imperfections.
On the rear wheels, all torque vectoring is done electronically, by controlling
the frequency of power supplied to the motors with Silicon Carbide MOSFET’s in the Inverter
Stability control systems measure your steering & pedal inputs against each wheel’s available grip,
adjusting torque to give you the best traction.
By using precise torque vectoring on the two rear electric motors located on the same axle,
launch and handling characteristics are improved.
The car’s performance and handling is undisputed, as demonstrated by way better drivers than me.
The Nurburgring race track in Germany has emerged as the ultimate proving ground to
test the performance of electric vehicles, and provides perfect real world conditions
to test attributes such as speed, acceleration, braking, and handling.
In September of 2021, an unmodified Tesla Model S Plaid set a new lap record for
electric production cars at the Nurburgring, with an official lap time of 7 minutes and 35 seconds,
with an average speed of 103 MPH / 166 km/h
These performance figures are impressive,
and it makes sense that electric cars are beating combustion engined vehicles.
Fundamentally electric propulsion operates at far greater thermal efficiency than combustion
engines, which lose lots of energy as excess heat. But EV’s do come with their own unique challenges.
When thinking about electric cars, the heating and cooling system might not be the first thing
to come to mind, but this seemingly insignificant detail has a big effect on the vehicles range,
because electric cars can lose up to 40% of their
range in cold weather if you turn the heat on full blast.
The new HVAC system on the Model S Plaid uses a heat pump which provides 30% longer
range and requires 50% less energy in cold weather than the previous generation Model S.
There’s one thing on the 2022 Tesla Model S Plaid
that hasn’t changed since the original Tesla Roadster was released in 2008.
The battery pack still consists of standard cylindrical 18650 cells,
not yet the larger 4680 cells revealed during Tesla’s battery day in May of 2021.
In the plaid S, they have scaled down the battery capacity from 104 kilowatt hour to
a slightly smaller 100 kilowatt hour pack with improved cooling and electrical architecture.
The goal is to ensure the battery can meet the high performance requirements
of the Plaid without overheating or losing power.
The pack contains 7,920 cells, arranged into 5 modules separated by a cooling
manifold that channels glycol in a zigzag pattern across the entire pack.
This allows impressive charge times,
the car can add up to 187 miles of range in just 15 minutes at a supercharger.
Eventually, instead of using modules, Tesla plans to structurally integrate
the battery cells directly into the platform of the vehicle. This design
will reduce the total mass of the battery pack and improve efficiency.
You can make improvements to the thermal regulation and architecture of a battery
pack for greater efficiency and faster charging speeds, but the cars modest 396 mile range is
really limited fundamentally by the chemical power to weight ratio of the lithium ion battery cells.
This might be the last plaid Tesla we see with the old cells before Tesla makes the switch to
those big soda cans currently slotted for the Model Y, Semi, and cybertruck.
The jumbo 4680’s are expected to achieve a 5 times increase in energy storage,
a 16% increase in range, and a 6 times increase in power.
On a Tesla earnings call, Elon outlined his plan to to consolidate Tesla’s batteries down
to 2 or 3 form factors, one with a nickel based cathode for high powered vehicles,
and the other iron based for mass market cars like the Tesla Model 3.
Now let’s hop in the cabin and briefly discuss the cars interior…
The plaid’s interior is totally reworked from previous models,
and not to disappoint, but the interior does not actually contain any plaid fabric.
In fact the seats are made of vegan leather.
The term “plaid” comes from the science fiction movie spaceballs,
when their spaceship travels beyond “Ludicrous” speed, the stars warp and
create a plaid pattern. The nomenclature is starting to make more sense now, right?
The car has very strong noise vibration and harshness dampening
,which counterintuitively is very important for electric cars,
because they don’t have a rumbling motor to mask squeaks and creaks.
The cabin is like being inside a pair of noise cancelling headphones.
the car features active noise cancelling microphones, that detect ambient sounds, and
the cars speakers generates opposite sound waves that collide and eliminate the unwanted noise.
That said, Pretty much everything inside is brand new for 2022. The center console gets
a new landscape oriented 17” touchscreen and from there you control all aspects of operation.
Powered by an AMD-Ryzen processor,
It’s responsive and packed with Tesla’s signature entertainment features.
New for 22 is Tesla’s predictive touchscreen gear selector. Tesla believes all input is error, and
the car is meant to predict what direction you want to go based on the environment.
For example, if there’s a wall in front of you, you probably want to backup. Tesla plans
to keep minimizing input, until the car can eventually read your mind, maybe literally.
Lastly, The two inductive cell phone chargers are a nice touch,
as wires are the last impediment to civilized computing.
If you’re accustomed to the sound of a rumbling motor and the noxious
aroma of burning hydrocarbons in your nostrils,
it’s tough to accept that the Tesla Model S Plaid is the quickest production car in the world.
But the car was made to prove a point, to demonstrate electric cars can be the fastest and
safest cars on the road. As Elon Put it, the Plaid is safer than a Volvo, and faster than a Porsche.
Tesla isn’t stopping with just the sedan,
they’re even going beyond ludicrous in the SUV form factor too, with a plaid Tesla Model X
The Tesla Model S Plaid is a car for practical folks that appreciate performance over showiness,
and want to ride on the bleeding edge of technological progress, and when all comparisons
to your daily driver sedan are with seven figure hyper-cars, you know you’re in good company.
Thanks to Try-A-Tesla for loaning me the black and white tesla for this video,
if you’re ever in the south florida area, and want to try a tesla, visit try-a-tesla.com
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