hey do you want to change a world? I mean literally change a world! huh do you?
That would be epic and you came to the right place because this is EPIC HOW TO!
so the first thing we need to establish is what is necessary for life to exist a habitable planet
needs a few essentials liquid water breathable atmosphere the right temperature and if we're
gonna live there it should probably have a gravity pretty close to the gravity that we're used to
here on earth or as i like to call it man ball but man can't live on water and breathable air
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you how to change a planet let's do it good news we already are terraforming a planet bad news the
planet we're changing is earth and we're making it hotter but if there is a silver lining to global
warming it's that we have evidence that humans can change a planet so terraforming is possible
it just takes a lot of time to get it right so let's look at the top contenders in our solar
system for planets that could potentially one day sustain life and we'll start with the classic mars
the red planet has a few things going for it first it's in what's called the circumstellar
habitable zone also known as the goldilocks zone it's called that because it's the area of space
that is the right distance from the sun so it isn't too hot and it isn't too cold it's got to be
just right like the earth so the planet's surface can have liquid water mars is a bit further out
so it's definitely colder but it's still in the zone but there's a bigger issue and that's
the lack of atmosphere mars only has about one percent of the atmosphere that earth does
so how do we fix this simple throw comets at mars you should have known that the outer edges of the
solar system has thousands of comets comets can be made of water carbon dioxide methane and ammonia
if we can give these a nudge with a rocket or something so that they eventually run into mars
they can bring all the necessary ingredients for terraforming this proposal has been suggested by
theoretical physicist michio kaku when they slam into the martian surface and explode all
those gases will get released into the martian atmosphere we would need to hit mars with around
100 comets to create a thicker atmosphere and have water present and with a thicker atmosphere the
greenhouse effect will kick in and start heating the planet with a warmer planet and liquid water
we can introduce unicellular organisms algae and lichen to convert the atmosphere into something
that we can breathe however there is a major problem with terraforming mars
mars is small little [ __ ] planet mars it only has 38 of the gravity that earth does
and it's missing a magnetosphere on earth we have a liquid iron core sloshing around at the
center of our planet and that creates a massive magnetic field called the magnetosphere around the
world this magnetosphere protects the earth from a lot of the sun's harmful radiation and particles
that are being blasted at us from the sun known as the solar wind but because mars is smaller
its core is cooled into a solid no liquid coal mean no magnetosphere the lower gravity of mars
means the atmosphere drifts far higher into space where it is then caught by those darn solar winds
and taken away this already has happened once there's evidence that millions of years ago
mars actually had an atmosphere pretty similar to ours but the solar winds blew it away you may have
heard that there's a possibility of liquid water on europa or ganymede two of jupiter's 79 moons
how many moons does one planet need well it's true that there is plenty of water to be found on these
moons which make them great sites for a colony it doesn't mean they're good choices for terraforming
canned meat is the biggest moon in the solar system it's even bigger than the planet mercury
but the layer of ice is so thick that if it was melted it would create an ocean 500 miles deep
we'd be creating a water world so instead of mars or one of jupiter's many moons let's head to venus
why am i saluting i should have a telescope for starters it's much closer to earth and size and
density so its gravity is about ninety percent what we experience here on man ball it's also
in the habitable zone but while the problem with mars is that there's too little atmosphere the
problem with venus is johnny that it has too much anesthesia yeah there's so much atmosphere
that the pressure on venus is about 91 times the pressure on earth it's the equivalent of
being 3000 feet or almost a kilometer under water standing on the surface of venus would
crush you instantly since the atmosphere is 96 carbon dioxide it traps almost all of the heat
coming from the sun as a result the surface temperature on venus is 467 degrees celsius or
872 degrees fahrenheit venus is not exactly ideal for life yet it's also missing a magnetosphere
but ionized particles in the atmosphere act as a sort of artificial magnetic field so
at least venus has that going for it carl sagan first proposed terraforming venus in a scientific
paper in 1961. he suggested that the presence of atmospheric algae could begin the gradual
process of converting co2 into other compounds to decrease their concentration cooling the planet
and lowering the pressure however we have since learned that the clouds in venus atmosphere are
made up of sulfuric acid which it turns out is bad for life they also didn't know how thick
the atmosphere was at the time so that's gonna have to be addressed before we can do anything
else but sometimes the best answer is also the simplest if venus is too hot we just need to put
it in the shade by building a series of giant mirrors we could block solar radiation coming
in from the sun and these mirrors don't have to be thick they could be thinner than a piece of paper
so long as it blocks the sunlight over the decades venus will get cooler and cooler and eventually
the co2 in the atmosphere will turn into a liquid then a solid the surface of the planet will be
huge glaciers of dry ice and the pressure will be low enough that you can walk around without
being instantly crushed like a soda can and that's all we want out of life just not be crushed but if
the planet is cold enough to turn all the carbon dioxide into ice it isn't exactly a good place to
live yet and if we heat up venus then the co2 gets released again so we need carbon sequestration
to change co2 on a chemical level and prevent it from being released and we've got another radical
solution you guys what is it it's styrofoam fun fact rocks will naturally absorb some carbon and
form what are called carbonates but the process can take hundreds or even thousands of years but
polystyrene or the plastic that makes styrofoam can act as a catalyst to speed up the process
what takes thousands of years on earth would happen in about 75 years so if we cut styrofoam
into tiny little pieces so we have polystyrene microspheres and sprinkled those over the surface
of venus it can jumpstart the natural formation of carbonate rocks locking away carbon so we can heat
the planet and lower atmospheric pressure at the same time we're so smart now we can use the other
ideas like throwing comments at venus like michio kaku suggested and use cyanobacteria and algae
like carl sagan suggested to start building an atmosphere that has all the necessary ingredients
to support complex life but there is still one major hurdle in terraforming venus take a guess
i won't i'm not gonna move on till you take a guess i know the answer joe
it have rotates very slow yeah you see venus rotates very slowly if noon is the time when
the sun is directly overhead then on earth it takes 24 hours to go from noon to noon
on venus it would take over 116 days go so you have 58 days of sunlight followed by 58 days
of darkness and that's a problem but i already have a solution me came up with it by myself
remember those giant mirrors we made with those mirrors we could create our own day night cycle
blocking the sun on one side of the planet and reflecting light on the other side take that
and add it to the other necessary components that we already have like water a breathable
atmosphere the right temperature the right light and the right gravity and we've done it
earth part two man ball two the return of man you learned something you're welcome
that's it everybody thank you for watching however many of these we get to do we always
have a blast so if you like watching them as much as we like making them and say so in the comments
you know give us some likes give us some shares maybe even some tweets baby until next time
i'm joe beretta this is epic pow 2. thanks again to our sponsor raidshadow legends head
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