Adolf Hitler born 20 April 1889 died 30 April 1945, was a German politician and leader of
the Nazi Party.
He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as Führer in 1934.
During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe.
He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the
perpetration of the Holocaust.
Hitler was born in Austria—then part of Austria-Hungary—and was raised near Linz.
He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War 1
In 1919, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the NSDAP, and was
appointed leader of the NSDAP in 1921.
In 1923, he attempted to seize power in a failed coup in Munich and was imprisoned.
In jail, he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto "My Struggle"
After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles
and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-semitism and anti-communism with charismatic oratory
and Nazi propaganda.
He frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as part of a Jewish conspiracy.
By November 1932, the Nazi Party had the most seats in the German Reichstag but did not
have a majority.
As a result, no party was able to form a majority parliamentary coalition in support of a candidate
for chancellor.
Former chancellor Franz von Papen and other conservative leaders persuaded President Paul
von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor on 30 January 1933.
Shortly after, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933 which began the process of transforming
the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and
autocratic ideology of National Socialism.
Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what
he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain
and France.
His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression,
the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation
of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which gave him significant popular support
Hitler sought “living space" for the German people in Eastern Europe, and his aggressive
foreign policy is considered the primary cause of World War II in Europe by invading Poland
on 1 September 1939, resulting in Britain and France declaring war on Germany.
In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union.
By the end of 1941, German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe
and North Africa.
These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated
the German army.
On 29 April 1945, he married his longtime lover Eva Braun.
Less than two days later, the couple committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army
Their corpses were burned.
Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible
for the genocide of about 6 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his
followers deemed socially undesirable or subhumans.
Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million
civilians and prisoners of war.
In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the
European theatre.
The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the
casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.
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