module two basic switch and in device configuration we will be covering these
topics in this module Cisco IOS access iOS navigation the command structure
basic device configuration save configurations ports and addresses
configure IP addressing and verify connectivity cisco iOS access so what is
the cisco iOS access it is the operating system we have the operating system on
the routers and switches and other cisco hardware it's just like a Windows
computer or a smartphone or a Linux device they all have operating systems
that allow us to communicate to the hardware through the operating system on
the iOS we have the shell that's the user interface that allows users to
request specific tasks from the computers so those requests can be made
to either the command line or the GUI the CLI is your command-line interface
that's a term you want to learn CLI command line interface that usually is
the the text your you'll see the text input and the gooeys your graphical user
interface that is your where your gonna see your icons and different things like
that you're usually most seeing those on a Windows machine but you'll see those
but you'll be using the command line or the CLI on the routers and switches for
this course you have the kernel that communicates between the hardware and
the software of a computer and it manages how the hardware resources are
used to meet the software requirements and then we have our hardware that's the
physical that's the the box and the motherboard just like a regular computer
a router or switch has a motherboard in it it has memory in it it has a
processor it has all those devices in there are those things in there but it
there it works a little bit different than a computer because the operating
system now the GUI is a graphical user interface that does allow a user to
interact with the system using an entire but with icons menus and windows it
makes it a lot easier to do things we had way back in the day and I won't pull
it up on here but I've still got a version of my three-point Windows 3.1
running with da six - - and that was command line it was disk operating
system and you would go in and do your command line and then you would launch
Windows well today in our world today whether you're running Linux with Ubuntu
or Linux Mint or one of those graphical user interfaces on top of it or Windows
it's user friendly it requires less knowledge because you don't have to
remember all the commands you can remember things by sight by icons and
where things are located so you have windows a mac OS linux KDE apple iOS and
Android those are some popular gooeys gooeys can fail they crash they just
simply don't operate as specified and so for that reason routers and switches
don't run a GUI because you want all of that processing to be purposed for the
proud and switching and not trying to run a graphical interface which you're
only gonna use for setup and occasionally for some type of
troubleshooting or checking logs and things like that so you're not gonna be
on that device all the time so you don't need a GUI on there the purpose of an
operating system PCs operate PC operating system enables a user to do
the following use a mouse make selections run programs enter text and
text-based commands but a command-line interface and you're looking at one down
here does not have a mouse it does not have Mouse support you know you're not
gonna be using a mouse and around there you're not gonna see icons things like
that you use a keyboard you use the you know the pair of the down arrow left
right you know type everything in and you view your output on a monitor so if
you use your keyboard to put everything in and then you see your output now how
we access these the iOS is we can do that through a console that's a physical
management port used to access a device in order to provide maintenance we're
looking at here this is the old come switch here you would plug that into a
computer that had a comport we typically don't use those a lot anymore all those
those are still around and there's some still older laptops and there's some
computers with comm ports and I'm most of the time we're running one now
with the USB plug in so you'll use a USB here and then with the cat 45 now the
secure shell that establishes a secure remote command line interface connection
to a device through a virtual interface you're not physically connected using a
console cable this is a console cable these are typically light blue you're
doing it through a virtual interface or through the network it's recommended the
method for remote connected to it this is the recommended method for remotely
connecting to a device you do not want to use telnet it's not secure telnet
establishes an insecure remote command line interface connection so user and
authentication passwords and commands are sent over the network in plaintext
so therefore you do not want to be using telnet to connect in and do commands on
your routers and switches so tell them that should just be turned off and you
shouldn't be using it although it's still supported and it you still need to
learn about it you don't want to use it now when we're
running a terminal emulation program terminal emulation programs are used to
connect to a network device by either a console port or an ssh telnet connection
so typically you're gonna have a Windows machine this putty we're running it on a
Windows machine there's different types of emulation programs that are out there
there's putty PU tty teraterm secure CRT I have usually used teraterm but the
other ones work just as well what those do is those use your network interface
or your port into your console port or your secure let me go back to secure
shell to connect into the router or switch you can see here we're setting it
up on the left-hand side we would put in our IP address here we'd put our port in
we would tell it that we're wanting to do SSH here we're using tcp/ip on
teraterm over here and we'd put our IP address in our port we're using SSH here
and then we'd click OK and then it's gonna connect us in to the terminal and
if it connects properly if we're doing everything properly with our either
putty or teraterm software it should connect and then we could see a we'll
see a window much like this right here pop-up and we'll see the command line to
the router or the switch or the other Cisco device iOS navigation primary
command modes there's two command two primary command modes that you need to
understand both of these they're gonna be on exams your if you're gonna
continue on in the networking course you just need to know exact mode and
privileged exec mode and where you are located on those user exec mode you have
a visual clue for these these are the greater than sign so if you are at your
router and switch and you see the greater land sign you were at your user
exact mode it allows access to a limited number of basic monitoring commands and
it's also identified by the CLI that ends with the greater than symbol so if
you're setting that's a greater than consumable you're at user exec mode and
you just you really just need to memorize these two that's user exec mode
and then when you see the pound sign hash tag somewhat so if you're if you're
younger you know that as a hash tag I know it as a pound sign from the old
push-button phones way back in the 70s and 80s and even back on the I grew up
with a rotary phone but the privileged exec mode allows access to all commands
and features so it allows you to log on in and do other features on there it's
identified by the pound sign global configuration mode again we're at the
pound sign it's used to access configuration options on the device
those are global configuration mode then we get into line and let me let me go
back here it's on switch config pound sign that's
that's when you know you're in global configuration mode line configuration
mode you'll see usually see a config line that's used to configure your
console your SSH your telnet and your aux access auxilary access your
interface configuration mode you're gonna see config - if' your interface
configuration mode that's used to configure a switch port or router
interface remember if you remember back to module one we talked about port and
wrap interface being interchanged as words and that's one of the instances
here navigation here privileged exec mode to move from the use
mode two privileged exec mode you use the term enabled or you can type shorten
and we will learn about shortened commands later on in the course but you
type enabled and when we type in enabled we go from the greater the inside of the
pound sign so we move from privileged exec mode over to let me go back here
and show you we move from exact exact executive mode to privileged exec mode
if I said that right let me go back here so privileged exec mode when we get into
it so we move from user exec mode to privileged exec mode by typing and
enabled if we don't have any passwords or any security on there it's just gonna
let us right in then we can go to global configuration mode configure in the
terminal you can moving it in and out of global config mode using the config
terminal to return to the privileges exec mode you can type the exit command
so exit will get you back out will keep backing you out so we're in global
configuration here we want to move out of it we just type exit and we'd move
back to the regular privileged exec mode and then we'd move back to user exact
mode by typing exit again Lions big mode we can go into each individual line
select line console 0 so we're gonna configure the console line we can exit
back out of that and then just keep backing out so you can use the exit
command to back out and the line console to get in there and then we have sub
configuration modes to move out of the sub configuration mode to get back to
the global you're also gonna use the exit command so you'd put in line
console 0 to get in you know to configure the console and then you can
click end which will move you all the way back to privileged exec mode instead
of typing exit and moving up one level of time you can just type the end key so
to move directly from one sub configuration mode to another you can
type in the desired sub config mode command so in this example here we can
go from config line to config if just by typing it in see we're in config line
here and we just say interface facet fastethernet 0/1 and that'll take us
over to the interface configure their face over there the command structure so
we're in our user exec mode here and then we can see our command and then we
see a spacing spacing is important and then we see our keywords or arguments
so we see the actual command here so we're at the switch we're gonna ping so
we've got our prompt we've got our prompt here we've got our command and
then we have a space in there and then we're gonna put in our keyword or
argument in this case we're gonna ping an IP address an ipv4 address so we're
gonna type in ping space 192.168 10.5 and it's gonna execute the command ping
on that ipv4 address the hardest part I'm gonna move back here the hardest
part of getting that is just learning all the commands and you'll the more and
more you work in this course you'll you'll get the commands you'll you'll
learn them so the iOS commands syntax check a command might require one or
more arguments to determine the key words and arguments required for a
command refer to the command syntax and you can do that let me go down here
italics text indicates an argument for which the user provides the value so
boldface text indicates commands and key words that your inner literally as shown
italics need means you need to supply a value X with brackets means it's an
optional element and we'll look at these here in just a second and then brackets
or braces excuse me braces indicate a required element and
braces and brackets or a combination indicate a required choice with an
optional element so that can be confusing until you see it in action
here so let's look at this one here so this ping space IP - address so that's
telling us that we have to put something in here now there's help there is help
on the routers on switches so if you get stuck especially early on when you're
learning the commands the iOS has two forms of help available
context-sensitive help and command syntax check the context-sensitive help
it enables you to quickly find answers to the questions one is which commands
are available in each command mode so if I type ping space question mark that's
gonna show me the three that's gonna show me what it is and then IP echo and
ipv6 echo IP IP Echo ipv6 ipv6 echo that's gonna show me my commands on
there it's gonna show which commit I can do which commands start with specific
characters or group of characters and then which arguments and keywords are
available to particular and command syntax check verifies that a
valid command was entered by the user so when you go to put it in and you see
this little hat right here this little caret
it's the interpreter cannot understand the command it'll provide feedback
describing what's wrong so if a command doesn't work you just do some some
investigation and you it should tell you right where at least the first error
occurred there's hotkeys and shortcuts so the iOS
command line does provide hotkeys and shortcuts you can for example configure
command can be shortened to conf because it's unique configure is the only
command that begins with conf and this took me a little bit of time to
understand but once you get the hang of it it works really well so if I typed in
seal in I'm at the router and I want to see what my command is and I typed in
seal in here it would tell us that that's ambiguous in other words there's
more than one Co in there's a configure and there's a connect it's got to be a
unique shortcut so if I typed in conf then it's gonna say I know what conf is
because I only have one command with conf and so I I can use that as a
shortcut so that's the shortcuts on there so if you have a if you have a
command that's a shortcut I couldn't just put in C I couldn't put in Co seal
win but I could put in CoA I could put in conf I even but as you use the
commands more and more you'll get used to the shortcuts and it will save you
time when you were setting up routers especially when you're on an exam or
you're on a certification exam or you're working and you need to work fast and
work quickly when you're setting up a router you've got plenty of time setting
up a switch you've got plenty of time you know in a work environment but if
you want to do it quickly you'll want to learn the shortcut commands it'll save
you time down the road some of the other hotkeys and shortcuts you can use you
can use the tab so if you partially complete a command and I'm gonna move
back here so if I type in the seal when it's ambiguous so I couldn't use the tab
key but if I typed in conf and then press the tab key it would type out the
rest of the configure for me so that's what tab does for you it as long as it
is a unique command that you've typed so far and press the tab key it'll finish
it out for you a lot like Linux does if you've used Linux before you'll know how
that works backspace erases the character to the to
the left of the cursor left arrow or ctrl B
moves the cursor one character to the left so if you need to go in and correct
the character you can't use your mouse so you're going to use your left arrow
or ctrl B to move that or right arrow or ctrl F does it or use the up arrow up
arrow recalls commands in the history buffer so as you're typing commands in
there is a history buffer for you so beginning with the most recent commands
you can use your up arrow and so if you're putting in a command a lot you
can use your up arrow to recall that for you other shortcuts and keys if you want
to display a more prompt when a command output produces more text than can be
displayed in a terminal window the iOS will display a more prompt you'll see a
dash - more - - the table below describes the keystrokes that can be
used when this prompts a displayed the inner key displays the next line so it's
gonna go one line at a time if you press your Enter key
if you press your spacebar it's going to move up one screen at a time it's gonna
give you the full next screen of information any other key is gonna end
the display string string returning to the privileged privileged exec mode ctrl
C when you're in any configuration mode it ends the configuration mode and
returns through privileged exec mode that's control C so if you want to break
out of something control break out or control C out ctrl Z is when you're any
in any configuration mode it ends the configuration mode and returns to
privileged exec mode as well in control shifts six
this one's handy that you'll need from time to time that's an all-purpose break
sequence it's used to abort DNS lookups trace routes pings and etc so if you're
in a if you're in a DNS lookup and it's taking a long time because if you don't
there's a certain command that you'll learn in this course about so you don't
do accidental DNS lookups and then your router setting they're looking for a DNS
even though you don't have things set up right you can do the ctrl shift 6 to
break out of that this has been module 2 part 1 for the introduction of networks
for netacad you can find the link to part 2 in the description below thanks
and have a great day