welcome back my friend so here we are again we're going to watch another Qs kazakhs video before
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I am just house sitting at the moment so this background is temporary unfortunately
it's very beautiful check this out I just worked this out the other day
oh look at that it looks like a real YouTuber now the most dangerous stuff in the universe so
obviously I'll let you know what I think is the most dangerous stuff in the universe but you'll
have to stay tuned so let's watch neutron stars are the densest things that are not black holes
obviously curse gazard has never met my manager
in their cause we might find the most dangerous substance in existence Strange Matter a bizarre
thing so extreme that it bends the rules of the universe and could infect and destroy
everything it comes into contact with or it could teach us about how the universe began
maybe both I'm gonna have to straight off the gate disagree with you I don't think that's the most
dangerous stuff in the universe but anyway I'm going to hear him out we're going to listen to
what he has to say now I'm going to tell you what really is the most dangerous stuff in the universe
foreign
to understand how extreme Strange Matter really is we first need to get a few basics what isn't
oh we have some sexy math that is some very sexy sexy math quack quack yes well if it quacks like
a duck anyway let's keep going and how does Strange Matter break the rules of the universe
to get all of this into one video will grossly oversimplify a few things but we'll provide you
with further reading if you want more details a neutron star is what remains after a very massive
star explodes in a supernova when this happens the star's core collapses under its own gravity
with such a strong inward force that it squeezes nuclei and particles together violently electrons
are pushed into protons so they merge and turn into neutrons all the nothing inside of atoms is
suddenly completely filled with particles that really don't want to be close to each other but
have no choice they desperate me too particles me too they push back against gravity against
the collapse if gravity wins they will become a black hole if they win they become a neutron star
this makes neutron stars like giant atomic nuclei the size of a city but holding the mass of our sun
and here things get weird the environment and the core of neutron stars is so extreme that the rules
of nuclear physics change and this could lead to a singe and extremely dangerous substance but let's
not get ahead of ourselves we first need to know the rules before we learn how they can be broken
protons and neutrons the particles making up the nuclei of atoms are made up of smaller
particles called quarks quarks really don't want to be alone they are what we call confined
you can try to separate them but the harder you pull the harder they try to pull themselves back
together if you use a lot of energy they just use this energy to create new quarks quarks only exist
together as the building blocks of other particles and have never been observed by themselves
they come in many types but only two appear to make stable matter the up and down quarks found
in protons and neutrons all other quarks seem to Decay away quickly but this may be different
inside neutron stars the force is operating in their cores are so extreme that they are
actually similar to the universe shortly after the big bang neutron star cores are
like fossils which can let us peer back in time to the beginning of everything
so learning how quarks behave inside a neutron star is a way of understanding the very nature of
the universe itself one hypothesis is that inside a neutron star core protons and neutrons deconfine
all the particles cram shoulder to shoulder dissolve and melt into a sort of bath of quarks
uncountable numbers of particles become one giant thing made purely from quarks Quark matter a star
made from this is called a quark star though from the outside it may not look any different than a
regular neutron star now theoretical objects we can finally talk about the most dangerous
substance if the pressure inside a quark star is great enough it may get stranger literally
in the cause of neutron stars some of the quarks may be converted into strange quarks
strange quarks have bizarre nuclear properties and they are heavier and for the lack of a better
word stronger if they turn up they could create Strange Matter Strange Matter might
be the ideal state of matter perfectly dense perfectly stable indestructible
more stable than any other matter in the universe so stable that it can exist outside neutron stars
if this is the case we have a problem it might be infectious every piece of matter it touches
might be so impressed by its stability that it would immediately turn it into Strange Matter too
protons and neutrons would dissolve and become part of the Quark bath which frees energy and
creates more Strange Matter the only way to get rid of it would be to throw it into a black hole
but then again who cares all of it is inside neutron stars set when neutron stars collide
with other neutron stars or black holes they spew out tremendous amounts of their insides some of
which could include little droplets of Strange Matter you know that's where we actually think a
lot of gold comes from neutron star collisions you probably know that a lot of the stuff we're made
of for the heavy elements at least actually come from exploded stars and some of the particularly
heavy stuff we think may have come most of it at least from you know colliding neutron stars
as dense as the core of a neutron star they could be really small maybe even subatomic but even the
largest strangelets wouldn't be any bigger than a rocket these strangelets would drift through
the Galaxy for millions or billions of years until they meet a star or Planet by chance
if one were to strike Earth it would immediately start converting it into Strange Matter the more
it converts the more it would grow but the all of the atoms making up Earth would be converted
Earth would that reminds me of that recent Rick and Morty episode I can't remember the thing's
name where it bites everything they should have played on this with that for sure come a hot
clump of Strange Matter the size of an asteroid if a strangelet strikes the sun it would collapse
into a strange star eating through it like fire through a dry forest this would not change the
Sun's mass Mudge but it will become way less bright so Earth would freeze to death and like
a tiny virus we'd have no way to see a strange lick coming worse still some theories suggest
strangelets are more than common outnumbering All-Stars in the galaxy the strangelets could have
formed very early after the big bang when it was as hot and dense as a neutron star core everywhere
they might be clumping around the gravity of galaxies as the universe expanded and evolved
strangelets could even be so numerous and massive that they might actually be the dark matter we
suspect holds galaxies together but then again maybe not this is speculation and the Earth and
Sun and planets haven't been consumed in a wildfire of strangelets in the past few
billion years so the odds seem good that it won't happen anytime soon understanding these strange
objects today may be the key to understanding the birth of our universe and why it grew
to look the way it does now when scientists first started playing with magnets and wires
and thinking about electrons they had no idea how technology would evolve in the next hundred years
the scientists thinking about the cause of neutron stars and Strange Matter today may be
setting up humans for a future beyond our wildest imaginations or maybe not time will tell that was
a nice try by coasters but let me tell you what the actual most dangerous stuff in the universe
is I mean if you had to call it the most strange stuff in the universe that would have been okay
in my book it would have been partly correct not the most dangerous though and like if I'm going
to just give you the straight answer before I tell you this thing I wanted to talk about it
would probably you'd probably have to say gravity or time right but let me tell you about something
at least more dangerous than these damn strange stars all right they're called drum roll drum
roll please naked singularities that's right you definitely don't want to get Strange Matter and
naked singularities together in a bar because who knows what'll happen because something because of
something called uh Cosmic censorship the cosmic censorship hypothesis at least we might not be
able to find these things in nature but you know I'm all for that that free energy that free matter
if you will uh so yeah I think they could be out there a lot of physicists do all of
that theoretical physics mumbo jumbo get that out of here anything goes in that land and so
let's talk about these naked singularities and what I think might be might just be the
most epic way to die that's getting butt naked and diving into a naked Singularity what that's
that's poetic and you know like just that that would be my that's my swan song If I ever write
a book that's how my main character's going so yeah those strange stars look they're pretty
they're pretty dangerous don't get me wrong but these these naked singularities wow these things
would you know they they could be causing the laws of physics to fall apart themselves
wherever they wrote are these monsters so if you're not familiar with these naked singularities
you can kind of think of them as like a black hole that's been turned inside out so you know the
centers are black holes we think there are things called singularities This is theoretical things
of infinite density these singularities right now all of that cons Singularity is is you know that
Singularity without the uh without the Event Horizon that's what you would essentially call
a naked Singularity okay so it's like that naked entity this thing that kind of breaks physics just
being exposed to you know the rest of space-time currently as we understand them they can only be
hidden behind these event Horizons all right you know let allowing them to just roam around naked
well that that causes a big fuss in the universe and you know the police the physics police have
been like no naked entities in the universe you know they have to be they have to hide themselves
and so that's where this Cosmic censorship hypothesis you know was enforced if these
things exist these naked bad boys it would be like an Abrupt hole in the fabric of reality right and
it wouldn't just distorts Face Time it would wreak havoc on the laws of physics themselves wherever
it goes and lead to like a complete catastrophic loss of predictability then someone's going to
have to explain my general relativity you know which is meant to be Universal doesn't explain
uh what's going on here you can all take a chill pill you can all relax and uh rest easy because
no one's actually been able to prove that these things can exist just yet and we've never found
them which is great because you know black holes are bad enough company as it is now black holes
I'm glad they're around so if you want to know how one of these naked singularities would behave well
unpredictable is your answer and that's kind of the whole point so it's really important to
realize here though like we really don't know if Cosmic censorship is true or false and we
really don't even know how to clearly state it uh rigorously there's actually serious
suggestions that just gravitational collapse could result in the formation of naked Singularity so
by definition a singularity is just a situation you get when geodesics are incomplete go look up
what those are so for example if a ray of light hits a singularity by definition we can't use
general relativity to trace the Rays through the singularity and see where it goes when it emerges
more generally a naked Singularity like in general can emit arbitrary information and
unlimited energy at least in Geo what would you see if you were to look at a naked Singularity
well you know stop looking pervert another really cool thing about them is that the gravitational
pull of these things these singularities is infinitely strong that means that things could
actually you know be pulled towards them faster than the speed of light why because you know
you might have heard to travel at the speed of light you'd need to you know approach Infinite
Energy well guess what these things have infinite energy physics just really falls apart when it
comes to these things so we probably shouldn't trust anything that uh you can we can kind of
tell about them with current theories so like if a black hole is spinning right it can form a
second Event Horizon nestled inside the first and the faster the black hole spins the closer these
event Horizons actually get to each other and if it spins fast enough the mathematics predicts
that the event Horizons can actually like cancel out and of course the physics the actual physics
is much more complicated but you get the idea right and that would reveal the naked singularity
and just wreak havoc on the universe and uh I don't know just all predictability is gone at
that point so far we haven't actually found any black holes spinning fast enough to you know
expose their singularities we don't actually have a way of determining if a random astrophysical
object is just a regular old black hole or a naked Singularity you know with the exception of
you know the images provided by The Event Horizon telescope we don't have a whole lot of pictures
like those though these naked singularities could be an amazing way to test quantum gravity
theories like string theory only problem is you know these these theories of ours currently of
quantum gravity don't have much skin in the game they don't exactly uh give us many predictions
even of these things so it's really down to The Observers to just find these things and have a
look have a look see have a have a perv I think we should be looking for these naked singularities
instead of you know trying to find reasons why they can't exist because it could be a part
for exploring completely new physics all right but you know that there is a crucial unknown
and you know what does naked Singularity look like very tempted to just get naked right now
that's a joke now I'm not doing that but anyway I think we'll leave it there with
that bombshell so hopefully this uh video didn't put you to sleep as much as uh it did uh my dog
it was very happy before I started talking about physics before you go anywhere you have to hit
some time derivative of momentum onto that subscribe button and then go download calvpn
have a play with it for free because that would mean a lot to me I'll catch you guys next time