Artificial Intelligence is the area of computer science that deals with designing and implementing programs that are able to mimic human cognitive abilities
thus displaying characteristics normally attributed to human behavior, such as problem solving, perception through vision,
learning, drawing conclusions, understanding natural language .
some applications of AI are :
understanding a natural language , computer vision , heuristic classification ,speech recognition and game playing.
We are going to talk to you about the game chess and how artificial intelligence has an impact on it .
The history of chess goes back centuries ago. Games related to chess were played already from the remote antiquity.
The history of chess spans some 1500-one thousand five hundred years.
The earliest predecessors of the game originated in India, before the 6th century
From India, the game spread to Persia.When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe.
In Europe, chess evolved into roughly its current form in the 15th century. . In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first world Chess Championship was held in 1886.
The precursors of chess originated in India during the Gupta Empire where its early form in the 6th century was known as chaturaṅga, which translates as "four divisions (of the military)"
infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively
Now we are going to talk about the connection between artificial intelligence and chess
the computer must consider all possible moves generated by an initial state and has the ability to predict the outcome of the game after large number of moves.
the people choose with a heuristic way the alternative moves ,without being easily encoded in a function .
Also they have some intuition about the outcome of the game and with their experience, they can think completely mechanical,
especially in the early and late stages of the game.
Now lets see about the chess machines that have been created through the years.
The first who gave the idea for a chess machine was Baron Wolfgang Von Kempelen in (1760) – seventeen sixteen , who created a fake machine.
this machine was nothing more than a good chess player who was crammed into the machine .
It is an amazing fact that the first chess program was written before computers were actually invented.
It was written by a visionary man, Alan Turing who knew that programmable computers were coming and that,
once they were invented, they would be able to play chess.
Alan Turing was very interested in chess and he wrote the instructions that would enable a machine to play chess.
Since there was as yet no machine that could execute the instructions he did so himself, acting as a human CPU and requiring more than half an hour per move.
Another important mathematician is Shannon who was the first who was actually founded the algorithm of minimax,
the most important algorithm in a chess program mode
In 1958, the first chess program win human. But, should be note that the opponent was the secretary of the company that developed the program
and her knowledge of the chess lesson was limited to 30 minutes before the race .
In 1966-nineteen sixty six MacHack is the first computer that participates in human tournaments.
It took part in the tournament scoring novice, in Massachussets, 1 draw and 4 defeats.
Deep Thought was a computer designed to play chess.
Deep Thought was initially developed at Carnegie Mellon University and later at IBM.
Kasparov defeated the chess computer Deep Thought in both games of a two-game match in 1989.
Garry Kasparov is a Russian chess grandmaster, a former World Chess Champion, and he is widely regarded as the greatest chess player of all time.
Deep Blue was a chess playing computer developed by IBM.
It is consisted by two hundred fifty-six processors in parallel connection and it can calculate up to 200 million moves per second.
In January 2003,Kasparov played with Deep Junior. Deep Junior evaluated 3 millions positions per second. The game ended with a draw.
In November of 2003 Kasparov played against the X3D Fritz using a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system.
After two draws and one win apiece, the X3D Fritz Man-Machine match ended in a draw. 42 00:17:02,362 --> 00:01:26,562 here are some other chess to make your game playing more interesting and more fun