Hello, my name is Kylie and welcome to ancient history the ancient Egyptians part 1 in this video
We'll take a look at the basic events in ancient Egyptian history from its founding to its end in
Part 2 of the series. We'll look at ancient Egyptian culture art and religion
Ready to journey in the Egypt's long and fabled path. Let's go
The ancient Egyptian Empire lasted from circa
3100 BC to 30, BC remember
Circa means circa or about because historians do not know the exact date
Ancient Egyptian history is filled with interesting facts about Egyptian kings and queens called Pharaoh's
Mummies and large monuments called pyramids, which can still be seen today
Pharaohs were kings and queens that ruled Egypt and were considered gods
They were the heads of families and these rulers often married their own relatives to keep control over Egypt in their family
We know about these rulers because of the work done by archaeologists and historians
Archaeologists who study ancient Egypt are called
Egyptologists, they have uncovered tombs or burial sites of these powerful rulers
Pharaohs believed that they could take their wealth and power with them after they died
This was due to their belief in an afterlife
They constructed huge monuments statue stones tombs filled with art wall paintings
Carvings golds and other items often a new Pharaoh would begin construction on their tomb the moment
They took power because it could take up to 30 years or more to build their tomb
These tombs give modern archaeologists a lot of information about how the pharaohs lived ruled and died
many times great battles and other historical
Were carved into the walls of the tomb to show off a Pharaoh's impressive rain or time. They ruled in history
Approximately 170 pharaohs ruled ancient Egypt over its two thousand eight hundred year history
some famous Egyptian pharaohs that we know about today and are quite popular to study our
Khufu ruled during
2589 BCE to 2566 BCE and built the Great Pyramid as his magnificent tomb
Egyptologists are still studying this pyramid and make interesting new discoveries every day still
Hatshepsut ruled from about 20 years from circa 14 79 BC to 14:58, DC
She organized military campaigns and sent out trade expeditions to bring exotic goods to Egypt
King Tut whose real name was
Tutankhamun ruled from the age of nine until his death at age 19 in circa
13 24 BC he was known for reversing a lot of his father Pharaoh
Akhenaten's laws
Pharaoh's who came after him tried to scratch out all the carvings of him to erase his memory
Egyptologists uncovered his tomb in the 1920s the most famous
Artifact to come out of his tomb is his sarcophagus or the container that holds his mummy
Cleopatra the seventh ruled from circa 51 to 30 BC and she was the last Pharaoh of Egypt
She tried to hold off the Romans from taking over the Egyptian kingdom but failed
She ruled beside three pharaohs including her young son, and she was the girlfriend of Mark Antony of Rome
She is rumored to have been the most beautiful woman that ever lived
Order to take a closer look at ancient Egyptian history. We need to learn about how
Egyptologists and historians have divided its time periods into sections
These sections are called different things depending upon who rule and what important events occurred
these time periods are the late pre-dynastic period
from 3100 BC to 2950 BC
the early dynastic period
from 20 950 BC to 25 75 BC
Olds Kingdom which was from 25 75 BC to 2150 BC
The first intermediate period from 2150 BC to 1975 BC
Middle Kingdom from
1975 BC to 1640 BC
Second intermediate period from 1640 BC to 1520 bc
New Kingdom from 1520 BC to 1075 BC
Third intermediate period from 1075 BC to 715 BC and
late period from 715 BC to
332 BC
the late pre diagnostic period which lasted from 3100 BC to 2950 BC is
Known as the beginning of what we think of in terms of ancient Egypt
Meanings is considered the first fare of Egypt because he brought the north and south parts of Egypt together into one Kingdom
The ancient form of Egyptian riding with pictures known as hieroglyphics was invented at this time
The early dynastic period
Which lasted from 2950 BC to
2575 BC is a second major period in Egyptian history
the Egyptian capital of Memphis was founded the first pyramid at saqqara was built and
Egyptologists believe that the first writing on papyrus a kind of paper was invented
The Old Kingdom was a time period from
2575 BC to 2150 BC in Egyptian history from which many famous artifacts and landmarks come
The Great Pyramids at Giza and the Sphinx monument were constructed during this time
Mummification a technique of preserving a body after death had begun to be practice
people and animals were mummified
Pharaohs had less power and there were great turmoil and disagreements
The government at the capital city of Memphis fell and ancient Egypt was in chaos
After the Old Kingdom ended rebellions against the Pharaohs began
This marked the first intermediate period which lasted from 2150 BC to 1975 BC
The Egyptian Book of the Dead was written
Which was a religious text that was thought to help the dead find their way to the afterlife
During this time period Egypt suffered a horrible drought which caused great suffering and many many deaths
The drought caused famine which is when there is not enough food to feed an area's population causing starvation
Pharaohs Mentuhotep and Amenemhat
Ruled the time period from 1975 BC to 1640 BC which is known as the Middle Kingdom
after the chaos of the previous time periods, these two pharaohs were able to once again unite Egypt a
New capital city was named feeds
the second intermediate period
Lasted from 1640 BC to 1520 BC
The Hyksos tribe briefly took over control of some of northern Egypt during their control of the area
Egypt came to new crops animals and new ways to make bronze tools
They introduced the horse and chariot to Egypt as well
These new inventions and items would go on to help Egypt in later battles with other groups of people
The New Kingdom period which lasted from 1520 BC to 1075 BC
Saw the Hyksos people expelled from Egypt
Pharaohs once again ruled Egypt and
Hatshepsut would become the very first female Pharaoh
One of the most magnificent creations from this time was a temple at Karnak
That was built in a place known as the valley of the kings
This temple and the valley were used as burial sites for pharaohs and other important people
The capital city was moved from Thebes back to Memphis
King Tutankhamun aka King Tut also ruled during this period
third intermediate period from 1075 BC to 715 DC has Egypt once again being divided a
northern capital city Tanis was formed along with the southern capital city of Thebes a
Pharaoh named Shoshenq the first reunited the country after the time of the division
The last period of ancient Egypt is known as a late period it lasted from 715 BC to 332 BC
Alexander the Great conquered Egypt for Greece in 332 BC
Cleopatra ruled after this period from around 51 to 30 BC
Cleopatra eventually lost control of Egypt to Roman forces and ended her own life
Egypt became part of the Roman Empire and the great era of ancient Egypt came to an end
Each of these periods can be looked at in terms of a few key people and events
Remember, this is just an overview of this time in history
there are many books websites and other materials available for you to research ancient Egyptian history in
part 2 of this series
We will take a look at ancient Egyptian art and culture to practice what you've learned. You can play our fun online games and quizzes
Until next time remember to always be clever