In Surah, Ar-Rahman, our Lord, Almighty, said:
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" 55:13
In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?
and it is a repeated verse in this surah.
Actually..
It is more reasonable to enquire about the first of these repeated verses..
in Surah Ar-Rahman..
verse 13..
saying; "So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
Because, as for the rest, it was mentioned..
"We will attend to you, O prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]. " 55:31
i.e. Humans and Jinn.
Yes.
So, it was said..
by experts of Tafsir..
that; The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] are..
i.e. Humans and Jinn.
But, the first time we had this verse..
before it was repeated again..
Yes.
"The Most Merciful." "Taught the Qur'an. " 55:1-2
"Created man. " "[And] taught him eloquence." 55:3-4
till the verse..
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
In this verse, to whom Allah is directing His speech?
What I want to say is..
and it is not my saying alone..
all the people of Tafsir and linguistics.. they say the same thing..
It is not a must..
when you talk to a person or to a group of people..
to say anything as an introduction.
e.g. you might see two persons..
Then, you talk to them..
Where are you, two, going?
This is possible.
So, it is not necessary..
to say anything before this.
about what you want to tell them.
So, you can..
to talk to people.. directly.. for the first time..
Where are you going?
To where.. etc.
This is possible.
In spite of that..
before the verse, there was an indication of whom the verse was talking to?
First, our Lord said:
"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures[Al-Anam]. " 55:10
The word; [Al-Anam]..
one of its meanings is; the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan]..
the Humans and Jinn.
Some said, it means; The humans..
Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..
all of them are; [Anam].
But, definitely..
from its meanings..
The prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].
When Allah said:
"And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures. "
Definitely, this includes..
Humans and Jinn.
True.
This is number one.
Number two..
Before our verse..
the first to be said.. is that..
The speech was directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen]..
and, [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.
e. g. our Lord said:
"And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance. " 55:7
"That you not transgress within the balance. " 55:8
This speech is directed to [Al-Mukalafeen].
Right.
"And establish weight in justice.. " 55:9
".. and do not make deficient the balance."
These are commands and orders to [Al-Mukalafeen].
And [Al-Mukalafeen] are from Humans and Jinn.
The word; [Al-Anam]..
some interpreters restricts its meaning to involve the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan] only..
who are precisely, Humans and Jinn
But, some said, it means; The humans..
Others said; it means all the creatures on earth..
So, if we would consider the meaning to be restricted..
then the meaning is clear.
And if we would consider the general meaning that involves all creatures..
then the meaning is directed to a certain group of these..
who are [Al-Mukalafeen].
Because such a speech is directed to sensible adults[Al-Mukalafeen].
And, Humans and Jinn are [Mukalafeen].
""O company of jinn and mankind.. " 6:130
".. did there not come to you messengers from among you.. "
So, these commands were for them.
Humans and Jinn.
So..
this indicates that the speech was directed to the prominent beings[Ath-Thaqalan].
"So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?"
i.e. You; Humans and Jinn.
Okay.
Dr. Fadel, may be we have a question here..
When our Lord, Almighty..
has directed His speech to [Ath-Thaqalan].. [plural of two]
He said:
"And establish weight[Aqemo] in justice and do not make deficient[Tukhsero] the balance."
The verbs were in plural [of more than two].
Okay.
And He said:
".. would you two deny[Tukathiban]."
Yes.
in [Plural of two].
This can be said like this..
because, each individual from each group of the two has to establish weight in justice..
But, the other verse is talking in general.
So, this is possible.. e.g.
".. and at once they were two parties[Farikan] conflicting[Yakhtasemoon= in plural]." 27:45
So, [Ath-Thaqalan] are not people only.. they are many creations..
But, each individual of these..
is required to implement this, in particular.
So, if he is going to weight a thing..
he must establish weight in justice.
and not to make deficient the balance.
The verse is not addressing them as a group.. No!
But, they are responsible as individuals to implement this..
individuals of [Ath-Thaqalan].
to do this.