If you are like most people, there is a gap between the person you are and the person you
wish to be. There are little things you think you should do and big things you ought to achieve.
From working out regularly, eating healthily, learning a language, working on your novel,
reading more or simply actually doing your hobby instead of browsing reddit.
But it sometimes seems that to achieve your goals, you have to become a different
person. Someone who is consistent, puts in more effort, has discipline and willpower.
Maybe you have tried your hardest to be like that. And it worked! For a while. Until you
find yourself slipping back into your old ways. In the end, you always seem to fail.
And with every failed attempt, you become more and more frustrated and annoyed with yourself.
If you believe “success and hustle” internet, it is all your own fault:
if you don't succeed, you just didn’t want it enough and the failure is all you. But change
is actually hard. And as with most things in life, understanding why makes things easier.
The Jungle
Imagine your brain as a lush and dense jungle. Moving through it,
say to make a decision to do something, is like moving through an *actual* jungle:
It is hard and it costs energy. Your brain hates expending energy,
so it came up with a trick: All your actions and behaviors leave paths in the jungle of your brain.
As you start doing something, you trample down some plants and make rough, improvised trails
through the undergrowth. The more often you do the thing, the more pronounced the trail becomes.
Over time it turns into a path that is easier to tread, so you take it more often
and it turns into a street. As you repeat doing the thing, over and over for years,
the street turns into a highway. Traversing it becomes effortless, familiar and comfortable.
The more pronounced your brain highways, the more you get used to their comfort.
So we continue to use them, which means we tend to do what we have always done.
This is why change is hard, especially as an adult
when your jungle is criss-crossed by lots of established streets and highways.
To understand how those highways are built we need to distinguish between two things:
Routines and habits.
The Things You Do: Routines and Habits
A routine is a sequence of actions that you carry out the same way every time because they’ve worked
out well for you. For example, you get the same ingredients for your favorite dish and
cook them in a certain order, because you like the taste of the result. Or before going to bed
you set an alarm at 6:30 because this is when you want to get up.
Imagine routines executed by a wise planner. It is slow and analytical, responsible for strategizing
and mental calculations. The planner is aware of the future and carefully considers
what kind of result you want. Based on that, it chooses actions to achieve specific outcomes,
even if they are uncomfortable, like taking a shower after getting up.
Routines can eventually turn into habits, which feel much easier
because they are basically a sequence of actions carried out without thinking about them.
You have done them so often before that your brain considers them rewarding
and a great response to a situation. So a habit can feel like you’re on autopilot.
You don’t have to convince yourself to do something that’s a habit - you just do it.
The important thing about habits is that they are set in motion by triggers,
context cues that can be single things or entire situations,
that give your brain the signal to start the behavior or action.
You already have a lot of triggers in your life: like when you see your phone,
you almost always unlock the screen. Or you reach for the seat belt when you sit in a car. Or when
you buy your coffee before work, you also get a cookie, even though you aren’t actually hungry.
Habits are executed by an impulsive toddler. It responds to your immediate desires, based
on what is around you. Without considering any longer-term goals. For the toddler,
the future doesn’t exist and it hates hard work. So when it notices a trigger, it steers you to
take this easy road inside your brain that leads to a familiar rewarding result. If you get coffee,
the toddler also wants the cookie, just because that’s what you do every morning.
​This rewarding feeling is also how most of your bad habits started: chocolate is tasty,
browsing reddit is occasionally mildly entertaining.
This is why you repeat these actions, even if they are bad for you.
Rewarding feelings associated with an action demand to be repeated and so a bad habit is born.
While the toddler sounds like a built-in sabotage mechanism,
it is as important as the wise planner and actually they work together most of the time!
You need your wise planner for thinking big thoughts and parallel parking and doing your
taxes. But letting your wise planner do everything would cost too much energy. Outsourcing mundane
and repetitive tasks to habits, managed by the toddler, allows your brain to easily
manage your daily life, while dealing with more complex mental challenges at the same time.
So if we want to change and introduce a new behavior into our lives,
we can actually use these energy saving mechanisms to make it easier.
We will focus on small things, not big ones.
Improving your life a little is so much better than aiming high
and changing nothing. Especially because small changes can do a lot over months and years.
How To Build a Habit
If you want to make change easier, the best way may not be to force
it with willpower but to convince your brain that it’s not that big of a deal.
By creating new routines and then turning them into habits. You want your wise planner
to construct that first trail and then use your toddler to help initiate the action effortlessly.
Let us say, you want to work out to be fitter, a very common goal.
The first thing to do is to break down this pretty vague goal into clear, separate actions,
because the idea is to make the action itself as easy a threshold as possible:
so small it is manageable and so specific that you don’t have to think about it a lot.
For example, a tangible, controllable action might be
“doing ten squats” every morning. So you can start by trying to create a routine
but already include clear triggers that the toddler can pick up later on.
Remember, a trigger is nothing more than a signal that you always associate with the action.
They can be visual pointers like seeing a particular object, like your training
outfit. Or a certain time of day, or a designated place like a nearby park – or even better, all of
these things combined. The important thing is that you always start doing your action in a specific
context. This trigger is the start button that will eventually set off the action automatically.
So to establish a home workout habit with ten squats to begin with, you could make sure to
always do them with your exercise gear on, at the same place and time, like in your living room at
8am. Once you have your trigger and action, all you need to do is repeat them regularly,
ideally every day. If you keep going, they will change from a routine to a habit,
from a trail to a highway. Don’t get this wrong, the squats will still take you energy to do – but
the decision to do them will feel much less like a chore and more like a regular part of your day.
While this is simple, it is not easy.
Many things you want to turn into habits don’t offer as much instant gratification as wasting
time on reddit. To make your new action easier to repeat and more likely to be picked up by
the toddler, try to make it pleasurable. Not necessarily by rewarding yourself
after you did it, but by making the action or behavior itself more enjoyable. Like only
listening to your favorite podcast while working out, or chipping away at your taxes
while you wait for civilization to load the next round. You need to figure out what works for you.
In principle, that's it.
Frustratingly simple, like most things you can do to make your life better. How long it takes
for your toddler to take over and establish a habit varies widely. It depends on the behavior
you are trying to get used to, what kind of person you are, your stress levels and many more things.
It takes anything between 15 and 250 days until a new habit is kicked off
automatically by its trigger. You won't know how long it will take for you.
Starting is the easy part, especially in the first week or two.
Continuing to do it every day is the hard part. But it does get easier as you keep going.
There are no silver bullets for change. But the science of habits
is a reminder that it is possible, no matter how old or young you are.
Even if you only end up doing a little more good stuff or a few new things, that’s still a success.
Being a little bit more healthy or knowledgable is a million times better than being unhappy about
a thing and changing nothing. In the end, change is a direction, not a destination.
So now that we hopefully gave you a bit of insight and motivation, this is the
moment to sell you a thing! But please know, you do not need to buy anything to work on yourself.
Having said that, we struggle with change as much as anyone else,
so we created our own habit journal, as much for ourselves as for you. Before we printed anything,
we tested it on ourselves and got feedback from the Kurzgesagt team.
The idea is for you to track your habit progress for your desired behavior.
There is a tutorial part which guides you through the hardest part of the process step by step.
You’ll get helpful pointers, reflect on your progress and how you could make things easier for
yourself. Once you get through the tutorial part the habit journaling starts, regularly interwoven
by examples, science Breaks and reflections that will hopefully keep the journey interesting.
Like our Gratitude Journal it is cloth-bound, with an embossed hardcover and printed on
high-quality paper. Nice to the touch and with lots of beautiful illustrations this
book is compangion on your personal change journey, however small or big it may be.
Getting things from our shop is the best way to support Kurzgesagt
and what we try to do here on the channel. Thank you for watching.