Plaza Miranda is a public square bounded by Quezon Boulevard, Hidalgo Street and Evangelista
Street in Quiapo, Manila.
It is the plaza which fronts the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo Church), one
of the main churches of the City of Manila, and is considered as the center of Quiapo
as a whole.
Inaugurated in its current form by Mayor Arsenio Lacson in 1961, it is named after José Sandino
y Miranda, who served as the Philippines' Secretary of the Treasury between 1833 and
1854.
Regarded as the center of Philippine political discourse prior to the imposition of martial
law in 1972, the plaza was the site of the 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing, where two grenades
were launched at a political rally of the Liberal Party, killing nine people.
It underwent a ₱49 million renovation in 2000 after decades of neglect as a result
of Manila's urban decay in the 1970s and 1980s, giving it a more modern design despite protests
from various historical groups and cultural experts, with a monument erected to commemorate
bombing victims and additional architectural elements installed.
Currently, Plaza Miranda serves as a freedom park, where assemblies and protests may be
held without needing a permit from local authorities, and with thousands of people crossing through
it every day, it is considered to be Manila's version of Times Square.Despite fronting the
Quiapo Church, Plaza Miranda and the streets surrounding it is known as a center for fortune-telling
and the sale of lucky charms and amulets.
Most fortune tellers who practice around Plaza Miranda claim that they are able to draw their
ability to tell fortunes from their devotion to the Black Nazarene (the patron of the Quiapo
Church) despite Catholic Church doctrine deploring the practice.
== Architecture ==
=== Design and layout === Plaza Miranda has an area of 5,358 square
meters (57,670 sq ft), bounded by the Quiapo Church to the north, Quezon Boulevard to the
east, Hidalgo Street to the south and Evangelista Street to the west.
The plaza proper, which has a design capacity of 16,074 persons, is paved with granite tiles
and is surrounded by Neo-Gothic architectural details which are inspired by the Quiapo Church's
architecture, particularly on the western side, which contains two grand entrance arches
bearing the coat of arms of Manila.
The two grand arches are separated by several smaller arches which form a covered colonnade,
incorporating into their design the sea lion found in the coat of arms.
A larger, more elaborate grand arch was also constructed on the plaza's south side, at
the intersection of R. Hidalgo and Villalobos Streets.
Two of the plaza's four corners contain historical markers.
A plaque commemorating the Plaza Miranda bombing in 1971 is installed at the southwest corner,
unveiled by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on August 21, 2002, while the southeast corner,
fronting Quezon Boulevard, has a 35-foot (11 m) high marble obelisk topped by a statue
of a woman whose outstretched arms bear a torch, representing freedom.
The obelisk is flanked by two columns on each side which are topped with urns made from
an alloy of cast iron and bronze, which also serve as gas-fired cauldrons which may be
lit for special occasions.
The Manila city government declared this particular corner the "Plaridel Corner", after the nom-de-plume
of Marcelo H. del Pilar, editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad, on August 30, 2005, the
centenary of del Pilar's death, and the commemorative plaque, written in Filipino, bears the following
quotation attributed to Voltaire.
Tutol ako sa sinabi mo, ngunit ipagtatanggol ko hanggang kamatayan ang karapatan mong sabihin
iyon.(I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say
it.)
The plaza is lit at night through the use of several floodlights installed at strategic
points throughout the area, both on the ground and on top of the colonnade.
This and a sound system are controlled electronically from a control room located within the Lacson
Underpass, located to the southeast.
=== Surrounding buildings and structures ===
Aside from the Quiapo Church, several other notable buildings are located within the vicinity
of Plaza Miranda.
The most notable buildings within the plaza's vicinity are the F&C Tower (formerly the Picache
Building), which formerly housed the headquarters of the Philippine Savings Bank, and the Times
Theater, one of Manila's oldest cinemas.
Prior to the 1970s, a building which stood opposite the present-day Plaridel Corner featured
an electronic news ticker operated by The Manila Times; the building has since been
demolished and in its place was built the Plaza Miranda branch of Mercury Drug, whose
façade originally featured two large LED displays.
In 2015, the two displays were replaced with a single large LED display — said to be
the largest in Asia — measuring 11.5 meters (38 ft) by 24.8 meters (81 ft).The area around
R. Hidalgo Street is also known as the "photographers' haven", owing to the presence of several buildings
which house shops offering photography-related services, some of which have been in operation
for decades.Three of the seven entrances to the Lacson Underpass are located within the
vicinity of Plaza Miranda: the Carriedo entrance is at the plaza's northwest corner, while
the Villalobos entrance is located across from the Plaridel Corner, in front of the
Mercury Drug Plaza Miranda.
The Paterno entrance meanwhile is located at the northeast corner, beside the Quiapo
Church.
== See also == List of parks in Manila
List of city squares
== References ==