Now we will start the lesson on the verb "to be," in short form. So we talked about
their long form. For example, if I want to say that "I am fine," I would say
خوب هستم
Using the long form. But if we want to just say the same sentence with the short
form of the verb "to be," we should use this form:
"خوب" means fine
and for saying "I am," you just drop "هست" and use the personal ending: "خوبم".
So "خوبم" is the short form, and the long form is "خوب هستم". Second person,
I should say, in the long form is "خوب هستی", but in short form, we say "خوبی". So
خوبم، خوبی
For the third person, so I should say "خوب هست", but here we just
say, "خوبه". And showing it with a "ه" at the end. So this is "خوبه". Ao this is
not a "ه". It's a short vowel, "eh," which is shown like this:
خوبم، خوبی، خوبه
Frst person plural:
خوب هستیم
The short form is
خوبیم
"We are fine." The second person plural:
خوبید
خوبیم، خوبید
"You are fine." Plural. And third person plural is
خوبند.
It's the same as "خوب هستند". This is the short form, so
خوبم، خوبی، خوبه. خوبیم، خوبید، خوبند.
There is one point that is important to know, when
we want to attach these endings to a word that ends in a long vowel. There, we
need to use a euphonic "ی". So I will give you an example.
For example, you have the word
دانشجو
It means student, at university. Now you want to say "I am a student." So you can say
دانشجو هستم
But if we want to use the short form, you should say
دانشجو ام.
But because the word ends in a long vowel, and you have two
vowels together, you use a euphonic "ی", something that intervenes in between to
make the pronunciation easier. So you say
دانشجویم.
Using this "ی". For the second person you say "دانشجویی", again, because you
have two vowels ,you use a euphonic "ی", to intervene, and "دانشجویی". So
دانشجویی
is equal to "دانشجو هستی". If you want to use the long form, and the third
person is
دانشجو
For this one we just put a "ه" at the end.
دانشجوهه.
So we don't use the "ی", the euphonic "ی" there. For the
first person plural, دانشجو
then we use euphonic "ی"
and personal ending: "دانشجوییم"
Second person plural:
دانشجویید
So as you can see, this
is a "ی" we added in order to make the pronunciation easier. And the third
person plural is "دانشجو", then we have to use, we should add "اند". So we have
a long vowel and a short vowel, so two vowels. We add the euphonic "ی"
دانشجویند
So we learned that the the short form is almost like
personal endings, except for the third person.
So we said in "دانشجویم", the "ی" is euphonic, because we have a long vowel
here and a short vowel here. Two vowels together is hard to pronounce. We use
a "ی" to intervene and make the pronunciation easier. So
دانشجویم، دانشجویی، دانشجوهه. دانشجوییم، دانشجویید، دانشجویند.
So that was the lesson on the short form of the verb "to be" in present tense.