I have got a pen.
Yes, that's from the first English lesson you ever took.
And you were expecting an advanced English pronunciation lesson today.
Well, let me tell you, you're not going to be disappointed
because it's starting out basic,
but we're going to get advanced, very advanced pretty soon.
Let's go
now. HAVE, of course, you can contract it.
I've got a pen, but there is more.
What about in questions? Have you got a pen?
You know that.
But here's where it gets difficult when native speakers are speaking quickly.
They generally contract.
They have to əv
Listen to this.
əv you got a pen.
əv you got a pen. this əv is called a weak form,
so the strong form of the verb is HAVE and the weak form is əv listen again.
listen again əv you got a pen
Notice, I also used the week for all of YOU,
which is, yə, YOU is the strong form
and yə, is the weak form.
You use the weak form when the word is unstressed.
If you stress HAVE or you stress YOU
or any word that takes a weak form, you do not use the weak form.
əv you got a pen?
Yes, that's OK.
We're using the weak form because we're stressing the word pen.
But if I say, have YOU got a pen?
I'm stressing YOU and to a lesser extent, half,
and so I'm not using any weak forms.
Now, let's look at some more examples.
əv you met my new girlfriend?
əv we got to go?
It's so early
əv they been told the truth about the inheritance.
You've got it. Great.
Now you try it.
I'll say the slow version.
You say the fast version.
OK, let's go.
Have you ever flown a kite?
That's right.
əv you ever flown a kite?
Have you ever eaten
Papaya?
əv you ever eaten papaya?
HAS the third person singular can also be reduced to
əz, this is the weak form.
əz she done the work yet?
əz Bob won the lottery? I saw him
driving a sports car.
Now it's your turn.
I'll say the slow version and you say the fast version with əz
has arrived yet.
That's right.
əz she arrived yet.
Has Dennis got a new job?
əz Dennis got a new job.
Has it been cancelled?
əz it been cancelled?
Now, that's the case in questions,
but when else do we use this fast əv. We use in a sentence after a plural noun
or two singular nouns or names
will say of when we speak quickly?
For example, the men'v finished the work,
the men'v finished the work. MEN is a plural noun,
so the faster version will be used əv the men'v finished the work.
I'll write it like that, but of course you can't write it
like that in the in written English, the noodles'v gone
cold noodles is a plural noun of gone cold.
The noodles'v gone cold.
These books have blown my mind.
These books'v blown my mind. Wow.
They had an incredible effect on me, blow somebody's mind.
The people'v voted for a new president, the people'v voted 'v voted
got 2 v sounds in a row that the children'v finished
the assignment , the children'v finished the assignment.
Now that's your turn.
I'll give the slow version and you give the fast version.
Roger and Elena have run away together.
You get it.
Roger and Eleanor'v Run Away Together,
The women have started a campaign.
The women'v started a campaign.
The women'v started a campaign. Now, what about negatives?
We don't normally make a weak form
of haven't we just say haven't.
However, what you'll hear
native speakers and fluent speakers doing sometimes is
they'll say, əv not, instead of haven't,
it means exactly the same thing and both forms are used.
So, for example, the dates haven't been decided yet.
OK, the dates have not been decided yet.
They dates'v not been decided yet.
Did you hear the difference?
Of course, haven't been.
Is the only one you couldn't use in written English.
Now be careful.
The əv means HAVE in these sentences.
However, əv can also mean OF
So it's a it's also the weak form of OF.
So for example, I think əv you often I think əv you, often a number əv people.
Now you have to tell if the əv means
HAVE or OF from the context.
Common mistake you can only give
the contracted form of HAVE and the fast version
əv when HAVE is an auxiliary.
HAVE is in fact not one, but two.
verbs. HAVE is an ordinary verb to talk about possession.
I have a fast car.
This form of half cannot be contracted.
You cannot say "I've a fast car".
You can say "I've got a fast car".
I'll get to that in a second.
The second verb have is an auxiliary verb.
And here you can always contract if it is followed
by a past participle.
So, for example, I've lost my keys.
That's okay, because lost is a past participle I've spoken to her.
Spoken is a past participle, so you can put I'VE in front of it
or a WE'VE or THEY'VE or whatever.
"I've two sisters."
Is that correct?
No TWO SISTERS is not a past participle, so you can't contract it.
I've got two sisters.
Is that correct?
Yes, because GOT is a past participle for possession in the negative.
You can say I haven't got.
or I don't have.
For example, I don't have any brothers or sisters or
I haven't got any brothers or sisters or if you don't want to contract.
You could say I have not got any brothers or sisters.
I'm sure you already know some of the other contractions in English.
With HAVE we have would've, could've
should've, might've.
But there are two points that you might not know.
Firstly, there are what we call
unwritten contractions, so will've is an example.
It's never written like that, but we do say it.
We will've finished by 6:00 p.m..
Many of the unwritten contractions are what we call double contractions.
And these always take the 'v form and you can you can say them.
We say them all the time, but we don't write them, for example, wouldn't've.
OK, never write that.
But you can say it.
If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't've believed it
or shouldn't've
You shouldn't've done that.
You shouldn't have done that.
There are many others, such as he'd've, she'd've
they'd've, I'd've she'd've been here earlier.
But she missed her train. By the way.
These can be contracted even further,
so I would have becomes
I'd've and then shortened again to Ida.
I'da done it yesterday if I had had more information.
For more on I'DA, he'da she'da check out this video here.
Finally, I want to tell you something
that might sort of contradict everything I've just said in this lesson.
You don't need to use contractions if you continue saying.
Have you got a pen?
That's perfectly OK.
People will understand you.
Language is about communication.
It's about getting your message across as effectively as possible.
It's not about mimicking native speakers.
And here's the thing, though you need to recognize and understand
these phrases, these fast speaking phrases,
these weak forms, because we use them all the time.
So if you want to understand conversations
in English, better have fluent English speakers.
If you want to understand TV shows and movies or series or whatever,
whenever you're listening to the English language,
and if you want to increase, you want to raise your level of comprehension.
You need to understand them, you need to be aware of them.
So I do encourage you to use them yourself, too, because at the end of day,
this week forms make it easier to pronounce English, not more difficult.
They're there to make it easier. Okay.
Because it sounds more natural to to use them OK,
rather than making long sentences so you speed things up
and it sounds more natural , more rhythmical.
So try and use them.
But if you don't want to offer you, you're not ready to.
Don't be ashamed. It's fine.
Just carry on speaking without contractions, but do understand them.
Recognize when they're being used.
I hope you find this video useful.
Stay free, stay mellow. See you next time. Bye.