An ancient Egyptian animal cemetery, a dog archaeologist, the remains of a Roman victim
of a crucifixion, mummies with golden tongues, sacred ancient Mayan artifacts and much more
await you in this video! Watch the video to the end, you will definitely like it! Hi Friend.
You are on the KirTop channel.
Dog archaeologist A dog named Masa became known all over the
world. The pet owner went on a regular walk, which turned into a unique find of a clay
pot. Even at first glance, from an archaeological
point of view, it could be of considerable importance for the heritage of the Czech Republic.
The container was full of coins. Despite the fact that the pot went missing about 100 years
ago, it was very interesting who is its owner. Until recently, in the Czech Republic in the
city of Vsetin, Zlín region, the most ordinary dog ​​named Masa lived with its owner.
They, like all other similar “couples”, strolled through parks, alleys, entered the
wooded area. On one of these seemingly unremarkable days, another walk became a worldwide sensation.
The pet found a clay pot with coins. Naturally, the dog's owner handed over the ceramics to
the administration in charge of the Wallachian Regional Museum. However, before opening this
cache, they decided to transport it to the Wallashskaya Mogilev hospital for the purpose
of diagnostics using a tomography machine. As a result of the examination, it was established
that 374 coins were placed inside the urn - Prague pennies made of silver, dating back
to the 14th century. Specialists will need to conduct a considerable
number of examinations that will help establish: the exact date of minting, the composition
of the material, the method of production. As soon as all the comprehensive information
is received, the treasure will be placed in the exhibition halls of the museum.
Ancient Egyptian pet cemetery During excavations near the famous ancient
Egyptian port city of Berenice, a mysterious animal cemetery was discovered dating back
to the 1st century AD. It originated in the dunes northwest of the important ancient port
of Berenice on the Red Sea, from which the movement of ships arriving from East Africa,
Europe and India can be seen from afar. Scientists studied ninety percent of nearly
600 burials of cats, dogs and macaques, some of which were brought from outside Africa.
Several characteristics make this discovery unique and mysterious. First, none of the
animals were mummified, as in other archaeological sites. There was also a wide variety of types
and funeral rites. Also, unlike other burials, there were no people among the animals.
While animals obviously held a special place in their society, thinking of them the way
we think of pets today may not be entirely correct. These "companion animals" probably
played a more utilitarian role than modern, pampered pets.
However, the animals were treated well after death. They are accompanied by handicrafts
such as pottery believed to protect them, and the creatures also have jewelry such as
beaded necklaces of stone, glass, earthenware, and seashells. They were all found in a sleeping
position. Other experts say this find is indeed new.
“This is something completely different from what we see elsewhere,” says Bea De
Coupere, an archaeologist at the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences in Brussels,
who was not involved in the project. According to her research, ships that entered
and left these ports usually had cats on board for pest control, suggesting that they may
have been partly working animals.
Beeswax traces in ancient African pots Honey was the first sweetener used by humankind,
and thanks to this new discovery, we now have evidence that ancient people in sub-Saharan
Africa ate it as early as 3,500 years ago. Archaeologists at Goethe University in Frankfurt
and chemists at the University of Bristol in England have discovered traces of beeswax
in pottery fragments from the Nock culture in central Nigeria, which are now the earliest
direct evidence of honey harvesting on the continent.
Known for its exquisite terracotta sculptures, the Nok culture has existed since about 1500
BC. e. before the beginning of our era. Pottery is one of the best ways to learn about the
Nok people and their diet, as the soil in this region is so acidic that bones and other
organic debris are usually not preserved. "This is a wonderful example of how biomolecular
information extracted from prehistoric pottery, combined with ethnographic data, provided
the first insight into the ancient honey hunt in West Africa 3,500 years ago."
The study carried out molecular analysis of food debris on clay pots. "This method involves
grinding small pieces of pottery found in archaeological sites and chemically extracting
lipids, fats, oils and waxes from the natural world to create a biomolecular fingerprint
of what foods were cooked in pots." Using gas chromatography, chemists were able
to detect stable chemical compounds, such as fatty acids, that were excreted in food
and animal products and persisted in the pores of the vessel walls for thousands of years.
And while no one expected to find beeswax, it was on one third of the cookware tested.
Previously, evidence of prehistoric use of honey was limited to petroglyphs on several
continents, including images of bees and bee products dating from 8,000 to 40,000 years
ago. Egyptian reliefs, in particular, suggest the practice of beekeeping as early as 2600
BC. The Nok people could use vessels to heat the
beeswax to separate it from the honey. On the other hand, the pots themselves could
have been used as hives - a practice used in Africa to this day. Or they could be used
to make honey-based drinks such as beer or wine, or for canning meat products.
Egyptians drank thick beer A new study reveals that about 5,800 years
ago, the ancient Egyptian elite drank a thick, porridge-like beer. Scientists analyzed fragments
of pottery found in Hierakonpolis, an ancient city and current archaeological site in southern
Egypt. They found the remains of beer in five flat-bottomed straw-colored vessels. They
were probably used as the current beer kegs. The remains of beer were also found in four
glass-shaped vessels made of thin clay. Presumably, they were used for drinking and serving. As
the researchers note, beer at that time was a "symbol of status and power," important
in elite feasts and funeral rituals. In their work, Jiajing Wang, an archaeologist
at the University of Dartmouth in New Hampshire, and his colleagues used the method of analyzing
microfossil remains. It was carried out on 33 fragments of ceramic vessels. Each of them
dates back to a period between 3800 and 3600 BC, about 600 years before the reign of the
first Egyptian pharaoh. Using their method, the researchers found
starch granules, yeast cells and small amounts of phytoliths - tiny structures in plant tissues
that remain even after the rest of the plant has decomposed. They also found "beer stone"
crystals, also known as calcium oxalate. It is a type of chemical scale that today's brewers
fight against. The plant material in the residue suggests
that the beer wort has been filtered to remove the husk of the cereals.
After analyzing the found traces of the drink, the researchers found that it was a "thick
porridge" - a cloudy and sweet brew made from wheat (mostly), barley and grass with a low
alcohol content. To date, more than a dozen ancient breweries
have been discovered in Hierakonpolis, capable of producing 390 to 1000 liters of beer at
a time. In the early dynastic period, brewers may have added legumes and tubers as starchy
additives to increase fermentable sugars. Thus, the beer became "a mixture of several
ingredients."
Archaeologists discovered a terrifying relic Britain may have been on the outskirts of
the ancient Roman Empire, but even there executions were a gruesome sight.
Archaeologists even believe that lions were sometimes used to kill frightened prisoners
- and now they have an artifact to prove this. During 2016 excavations at the site of a Roman
house by the University of Leicester, scientists discovered a carved bronze key handle depicting
a man fighting a ferocious lion in front of four naked and frightened youths. According
to research published in Britannia magazine, the scene involves a public execution.
The find is named the Friars Causeway key handle after the place where it was found,
and "it underscores the brutal nature of Roman rule in this province."
Under Roman law, criminals and prisoners of war could be thrown to wild beasts. Such scenes
are well documented in the Colosseum in Rome, but this is the first evidence that the practice
of using exotic animals to kill prisoners as a form of public entertainment - damnatio
ad bestias in Latin - spread to Britain. According to the London Times, Rome received
lions from Mesopotamia and North Africa, transporting them to the farthest reaches of the empire
in river boats and carts. "It was a little worse than being sentenced to the mines, which
is another way that prisoners often met their end."
The artist got a tattoo like the "ice man" mummy
When is a tattoo parlor the ideal venue for a contemporary art show? The film features
Nicole Wilson's nearly ten-year-old project Ötzi. In which she recreated 61 tattoos found
on the mummy of the same name over 5000 years old. She used her own blood instead of ink
- and documented the healing process by photographing the blemishes slowly fading away.
Archaeologists discovered the Otzi the Ice Man in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps on the Italian-Austrian
border. He died around 3230 BC. - probably killed - but his body was remarkably intact,
the oldest naturally occurring mummy ever found in Europe.
The 33-year-old artist recalls learning about Ötzi as a child shortly after its discovery
and questioning her teachers' claims that Iceman was her ancestor. As an adult, she
was fascinated by his mysterious tattoos, 15 groups of 61 lines that mark various parts
of his body. (The prehistoric tattoo artist Ötzi rubbed crushed charcoal into cuts on
his skin instead of ink.) “The tattoos themselves are very interesting.
Scientists think they might have the meaning of acupuncture, but we don't really know it.
We cannot ask what the lines, dashes and hashes meant to this person. "
The idea to reproduce these signs has become a lifelong goal for the artist.
She first got Ötzi tattoos in 2012, asking a friend of the tattoo artist. Wilson used
blood because she wanted to literally consume the traces of the ancient mummy. Then, in
2015, specialists using multispectral photographic images discovered two more tattoos on Otzi's
body. Wilson decided to start all over again - this time using a tattoo parlor.
Over the years, she has documented the process of getting tattoos and how they disappeared
from her body. She edited all this into a film and put it up for sale.
Remains of a Roman crucifixion victim Archaeologists in Cambridgeshire, UK, have
uncovered perhaps the best-preserved physical evidence of a crucifixion - a 1,900-year-old
skeleton with a two-inch iron nail driven into the heel.
The Romans used the crucifixion for execution. Between 100,000 and 150,000 people were killed
in this way before Emperor Constantine outlawed the practice in 337 AD after converting to
Christianity. Crucifixion, as a particularly long-lasting
and terrible means of capital punishment, is believed to have been intended for enslaved
people and enemies of the state. Most of the victims were likely secured with rope rather
than nails, and were probably not officially buried, making it difficult to find physical
evidence of their cause of death. The deceased, found in Fenstenton, must have
been a male between the ages of 25 and 35. His foot was nailed to keep him from writhing
in the last moments of his life, while his leg injuries suggest he was held in slavery
and shackled to death. Builders in Jerusalem found another body with
a nail in 1968, but the body was not whole. Therefore, in the archaeological world, it
was not evidence of a crucifixion. In fact, this is the first time that archaeologists
have found physical evidence of such an execution during an archaeological excavation.
Ammonite soft tissues 165 million years old British researchers used the latest 3D imaging
technology to analyze the muscles and organs of a well-preserved ammonite fossil that lived
165 million years ago. Ammonites are cephalopods that died out about
66 million years ago, from which many hard shells remain. Until now, scientists have
received information about these disappeared creatures mainly from the shells, since soft
tissues are usually not stored for millions of years. But there are exceptions.
In 1998, an exceptionally well-preserved ammonite was discovered in Gloucestershire, which scientists
did not immediately cut into pieces, fearing to damage its internal structure. After 20
years, when new visualization technologies appeared, researchers were still able to look
under the shell of an ancient creature. “We were able to combine X-ray images with
neutron imaging data, which allowed us to create a detailed 3D model of the ammonite's
intestines. The model allows us to study the muscles and internal organs of the creature,
which is incredible. Now, thanks to the analysis of muscle structure, we know how the ammonites
swam - they pushed out water from the chambers of the sink, creating jet propulsion "
Late Iron Age house in Norway A huge house, about 60 meters long from the
late Iron Age, was discovered in Norway near where a Viking Age ship was found in 2018.
It is one of the largest such structures ever discovered in Scandinavia, and is among several
other structures that archaeologists have stumbled upon in an area they believe was
a central site in the late Scandinavian Iron Age around 1,500 years ago.
Long and narrow buildings were found in Gellestad 86 km southeast of Oslo using GPR. In addition
to the 60-meter house, the researchers also found four other buildings, approximately
15-30 meters long and 13 meters wide. Scientists note that they are working hard
to find out how important Gellestad was during the Iron Age, and new discoveries are helping
this. So far, it is assumed that the area was in use from the 5th century AD until about
1050 AD. This fall, archaeologists have explored about
40 hectares of territory near the place where the Viking ship was previously discovered
using a GPR. The survey is the first part of a research project in which archaeologists,
historians and Viking Age specialists study the development of the region.
In the nearby fields, scientists have found several plowed mounds. And although there
is nothing surprising in their discovery, since such mounds have already been found
earlier, nevertheless, this allows you to get a more complete picture of Gellestad and
its environs. Scientists explain that they hope in the coming
years to better understand the relationship between the ship, buildings and the elevation
of the central locations.
Mayan sacred ancient artifacts Specialists from the National Institute of
Anthropology and History (INAH) have studied the hard-to-reach Chemuil Cave, located in
the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, and found rare sacred artifacts of the extinct Mayan
civilization inside it. Scientists believe that Chemuil Cave was a
sacred site for the Maya. Like other caves, this natural formation was associated with
the people of ancient civilization with the gateway to the underworld, where, as the Indians
believed, deities dwell. Traces of Mayan ritual activities were found
in the cave during rescue operations. Then the site was visited by Mexican archaeologists
who found several Mayan artifacts here at once. Dating has shown that the items were
made between 1200 and 1550 AD. Archaeologists have found fragments of ritual
vessels that were located in natural underground niches. It is assumed that the Maya collected
cave water with the help of such vessels, which was then used in sacred ceremonies.
Such water was considered especially pure and even sacred. In addition, a thicket was
discovered, which was used for sacrificial offerings to deities.
Two ancient mummies with golden tongues In Upper Egypt, archaeologists have unearthed
two tombs with human remains. The tongues of the dead were made of gold.
The excavations were carried out by a Spanish archaeological mission from the University
of Barcelona at the archaeological site of El Banas. At the entrance to the first tomb,
the team found two human bodies with golden tongues, and inside was a large limestone
sarcophagus with a lid in the shape of a female figure. Research has shown that the tomb was
discovered in antiquity and plundered. The second tomb, located next to the first,
is intact and completely sealed. It contained a limestone sarcophagus, canopy and a collection
of 402 usshebti figurines made of green faience, amulets and beads.
Archaeologists believe that the monument may contain other finds, and intend to continue
research. Excavations at El Banas have been going on since 1992. This city was once the
capital of the 19th nome of Upper Egypt. It is famous for its collection of papyrus with
inscriptions in Greek. Rate this video with your thumb up. Thanks
to your kind comments, our channel is growing and helping more people learn about the ancient
world. Thanks for your views, bye everyone!