Marhaba! Right now we're going to continue talking about the مصدر. We
started talking about the مصدر in our first video, and remember that it
kind of has a 'verbal noun' meaning, similar to the '-ing' form in English, right?
'to think,' I think, you think, he thinks, thinking, this thing, this idea, this act
in the abstract that is thinking, that's our مصدر. And as we talked about
in the first video, مصدر forms, those verbal noun forms for form I
verbs, the simplest verbs that we have that are pretty much the triconsonantal
root, like 'kaa taa baa,' يكتب, are going to be highly variable, right? So we have
كتب يكتب, and then another form ,I verb
عمل يعمل,
and the مصدر is الكتابة
for كتب يكتب, 'to write,'
عمل يعمل العمل,
Work, working, this thing
that is work, right? So patterns are very variable in form I, and the best thing
to do is just learn those مصدر forms as you're picking up new verbs, new
vocabulary. The nice thing about the derived forms is that if we recognize a
verb's pattern it's وزن, remember that word? 'waaw, zaa, nuun.' If we can
recognize the وزن of that verb and fit it into one of the derived verb
patterns, then virtually 100% of the time we're going to know how to derive that
verb's مصدر form. We don't need to play a guessing game, or go look it up in
the dictionary. We can derive it fairly mechanically.
Traditionally, those derived verb forms are numbered in Roman numerals from I to
X--we covered I last time, and there'll be a separate video on VI through X
there are a few others, but they tend to be very archaic, so unless you have a
passion for very old texts, pre-Islamic poetry, things like that, you're highly
unlikely to encounter them in any modern context. When we're talking about
verbs and 'maSdars' in the abstract, we also tend to use the letters 'faa,
'ayn, laam,' as sort of placeholders, right, these are templates. Right here we've got
forms, but they don't really have meaning necessarily. So that 'faa-'ayn-laam' is
just waiting for us to use a real جذر, right, that tri-consonantal root that we
have in a meaningful word to swap it out. They are holding the place until we can
use a real word. So let's take a few examples. Here we have, for example, some
present tense verbs. We have يُدَرِّس a verb that means 'to teach,' right, and we
have this 'shadda' and we have these vowels: 'Damma,' 'fatha,' 'kasra,' so our first
task is to identify what is the وزن, what is the derived form of this verb?
And as we can see here, present tense verb we have a 'Damma,' a 'fatha,' and a 'kasra,'
and that 'shadda' there, so we can identify it as a form II verb. Now,
يدرّس, this verb, 'he teaches' in the present tense, I want to talk about
'teaching' in the abstract, right? So now I have to put it into the مصدر form.
so here we have a template, right, where 'faa-'ayn-laam' are holding, just holding down the
camp for my real جذر, the meaningful root that I want to to stick
into this مصدر form. So I identify that here, right, I know that the 'yaa' is
just part of the conjugation of the verb, and I've got one, two,
three letters left, which makes things easy, right, and then I want to put them
in order in the place of 'faa-'ayn-laam.' So I'm going to take the extra 'alif laam,'
because a مصدر is usually definite, right, that's not really part of the form,
and now I've got that 'taa,' I can see there, and now I'm going to insert the
first letter of my real جذر, 'tad,' second letter of جذر, 'raa,' and then we
see we have a 'yaa' here but right that's just part of the form, part of the وزن,
the pattern, تدري... and then the last letter of my جذر, my root, is 'siin' for
التدريس, teaching,' the '-ing,' the' abstract idea form, right. Here we have
another verb, يساعد, he helps, the verb 'to help,' conjugated
it in the present tense for third person masculine singular. Again, first
task is to identify the وزن. Okay, I've got a 'Damma' here, and I've got this long
'alif,' and as we can see here, form III has a 'Damma' over the conjugation
prefix, and a long 'alif,' so okay, I've identified
it as form III. Now I need to think about my جذر, my root. I know that
that's the conjugation, and that 'alif' looks to be part of the form, so I've got
'siin, 'ayn, daal,' and now I want to pop those into the مصدر form in the
place of 'faa, 'ayn, laam,' which are just just building blocks, right? So
'alif-laam,' and I've got a 'miim' as part of the form of the مصدر right,
first letter of my root, 'siin,' and then that 'alif' is just part of the مصدر
form again: مساعدة, and we see we have a 'taa marbuuTa' just as part of the form
on the end, so المساعدة, 'helping,' or 'help,' right, the thing, the idea, that is 'helping.'
Another example: يُمكِن, form IV, meaning 'to be possible,' right, we know
that its form IV because we have that 'Damma' here, and then the 'kasra' here.
As we acquire more vocabulary words, it
will be easier to identify these, you'll have sort of a bigger toolbox of verbs
to sort of compare the the music of these words to, but but pay attention to
the vowels, right, and be sure to get the vowels accurately when you're studying,
when you're memorizing, that's going to help you with this process as well. So
يمكن we've identified as form IV, and now we want to put it into its
مصدر form to try to talk about ,possibility in the abstract. 'alif-laam,' okay and
we've got that 'alif,' 'miim,' 'kaaf,'
'alif,' 'nuun.' You don't need to use different colors in real life, it's
optional, but this is just to illustrate what is the exoskeleton, what's the
template, and what is this meaningful root that we've derived from here, right? Final
example of form V, يتذكّر, 'he remembers.' We want to talk about 'memory,'
'remembering,' the idea. Form V, we're going to need to put it
in here, we've got our 'alif-laam,' we've got an extra 'taa,' that's part of the
مصدر form for form V, and then we've got 'faa-'ayn-laam,' so that's
easy enough. 'dhaa, kaaf, raa,'
but notice here that we have a 'shadda' with a 'Damma' over it, right, so we need to
be careful to include that in our derivation of the مصدر. التّذَكُّر.
Right? Otherwise it might sound like conjugated first person present tense,
أتكذَّر, I remember,' but you need' to hear that 'shadda' with the 'Damma' over
it, التّذَكُّر, to know that we're talking about the abstract idea of 89 00:08:45,420 --> 00:00:00,000 memory.