Now we are going to talk about the third function of the "اضافه" construction. We talked
about the possessive usage, we talked about adjectives, and now we are
going to talk this third function, which is naming. This usage of the "ezafeh"
construction is used for connecting people and their titles and for naming
places and their title, or four seasons and their names. So let's look at some
examples. For example, we have the title "اقا", that means Mr. Now you
want to say Mr. Khatami. Then you have been the family name, "خاتمی". Now
in order to connect them, you need to have "ezafeh", and because "آقا" ends in
a long vowel, and in general a vowel, so you need to use a euphonic here. So we say
آقای خاتمی.
Now you want to say, for example, Mr. Obama. So you can
say "آقای اوبابما". Or another title is "خانم", Mrs. or Miss.
خانم احمدی
Ms. Ahmadi. Another one. For example, you want
to say "winter season." So you have the word "فصل", means season. Then the name
of that season, which is"فصل زمستان". Then you have the "ezafeh"
construction.
فصل زمستان
فصل تابستان، summer season
فصل بهار، spring season
Another usage is, for example, a place and its name. For example you
want to say Tehran University. So you have the word "دانشگاه".
It means university, and you have Tehran.
Then you need to use the "ezafeh" construction.
دانشگاه تهران
You want to say that's the city of Tabriz. So you have
the word "شهر" and the name Tabriz.
شهر تبریز، The city of Tabriz
Or "شهر تهران", the city of Tehran.
Or "شهر نیویورک", New York City.
So another example: You
want to say history book. You have the word "کتاب" and history, "تاریخ". Then you
use the 'اضافه" construction: "کتاب تاریخ". Or you want to say that as we talk,
شهر تبریز، کتاب تاریخ
Another one, for example "کتاب شیمی". Or for example,
کلاس
کلاس فیزیک، physics class
کلاس فیزیک، کتاب تاریخ
دانشگاه تهران، شهر تبریز
So as you can see, this usage is
for naming titles, and places and their names, seasons and their names, or for
example, you wanna say Rocky Mountains. You say "کوه های راکی",
then because "کوه ها" ends in a long vowel, you need to add a euphonic:
کوه های راکی
O in Iran, "کوه های البرز", Alborz Mountains. So this is
important to remember. Always after long vowels, you need to have a euphonic or
then, because now we talked about this, you can have a combination of, you know,
naming and adjectives. For example, you can say that S"شهر تبریز خوب". It means the
good city of Tabriz. Or "کلاس فیزیک بد". It is possible to have a
combination of different usages of "ezafeh." But it is important to remember
that "ezafeh" has that those three functions: possessive, naming, and
adjectives.