hi folks welcome back to Ingrid my
name's Benjamin in today's lesson we are
going to be looking at question tags
this lesson follows on from one of my
other lessons where I look at expressing
your questions in a range of grammatical
structures now we're going to be going
into the question tag style of question
in quite a bit of detail and we're going
to be using it as a vehicle to revise
the main tenses in English in the past
present and future now it goes beyond a
level of detail that is required for
beginners it still could be interesting
for you guys but we wouldn't expect you
to use all of these different tenses
until a little bit later on in your
English learning journey so let's hit
the ground running I'm going to start
off by making these question tags with
positive statements which will mean that
the question phrase is in the negative
we're going to look at present tenses to
start with now the verb to be in the
present tense we would say he's hungry
isn't he or she's thirsty isn't she or
I'm Benjamin aren't I they're Canadian
aren't they okay so this bit will change
depending on the conjugation of the verb
I am you are he or she it is we are you
are they are so whatever the verb form
for the particular subject it needs to
be there okay
right
other what most types of other verbs in
the present simple she sings beautifully
doesn't she yep so we're using the
auxiliary verb to do does we play well
don't we okay so I do you do he she or
it does we do you do they do
again the conjugation you just need to
make sure that you have agreement here
okay that it's in the right form I do
have a sister don't I
okay they know the way don't they
okay so it will become easier the more
confident and fluent to you are with the
conjugation of the verbs
moving on to modal's I'm not going to go
into a huge amount of detail with the
modal's here but I just want you to be
aware that with the different modal's
can should must could would that you
that you can use them and that they're
going to be different in the question
tag yep I could have gone to see
couldn't I I should have eaten lunch
shouldn't I okay so you can experiment
with the modal's as well now the present
continuous we normally use to talk about
future arrangements even though it's
technically in the present tense I'm
going there soon aren't I he's spending
Christmas here isn't he
okay so present continuous we used to
talk about future arrangements
ing okay I'm doing this aren't I he's
doing that isn't he
she is doing that isn't she we are doing
this aren't we
okay now forms of the present tense that
are actually referring to the past the
present perfect now the present perfect
refers to an unspecified time in the
past so there's no definite time frames
saying that it was at like 442 yesterday
or last Saturday that's not the present
perfect and I have got a separate video
coming out on the difference between the
present perfect and the past simple so
if you're not sure about it do have a
look at that video and if there's any
tenses
where I'm going through and you haven't
quite understood how or what that tense
is then do go to the engvid website and
there will be a video for each of these
tenses okay I'm just giving an overview
so the present perfect is an unspecified
time in the past using have with past
participle you've tidied your room
haven't you I've done well haven't I
they've completed the race
haven't they right present perfect
continuous this refers to an action
started in the past but continued up
until now they've been training really
hard haven't they
we've been cleaning the house haven't we
you've been painting a picture haven't
you okay so as I said these are all
positive statements with negative
questions now I can reverse that round
and have negative statements with
positive with the questions phrased in
the positive let me demonstrate
he isn't hungry is he so changing the
meaning it shows that I'm kind of
surprised by what he can't be hungry how
can he be hungry she doesn't sing
beautifully does she yeah it's quite
disparaging quite critical you don't do
that very well do you
it's slightly insulting they can't sing
can they it's kind of poking fun at
future arrangements I'm not going there
am i I don't have to do that
do i I'm not doing this am I
surely not please no I don't want to do
that
so there are meaning shifts naturally if
you reverse the positive and the
negative
I haven't tidied my room have I know
I've been bad I haven't tidied my room
have I
they haven't been training very hard
have they bright we're now going to have
a look at standard past tense verbs so
I'll see you on the next page so to
speak okay let's have a look at some
past tense forms of the verbs just to
say at this point if this is the kind of
video that you find useful to improve
your grammar then please make sure
you're a subscriber of my youtube
channel that way you will get new
content whenever it comes out on YouTube
good right let's have a look at the past
simple with the verb to be you were
tired yesterday weren't you okay just to
go through the conjugations
I was tired yesterday wasn't I we were
tired yesterday weren't we
they were tired yesterday weren't they
okay he was tired yesterday wasn't he or
she okay
past simple with most other verbs
I met past participial you in
Switzerland last year didn't I she met
you in Switzerland last year didn't she
we met in Switzerland last year didn't
we
okay you get the idea the past
continuous something just to explain
what the past continuous was is it's
something that was going on in the past
when it was interrupted okay you
talking to Andy weren't you when maybe
the phone connection cut out I was
talking to Andy wasn't I
it's like I forgot what I was doing I
was talking to Andy wasn't I that
stopped and something else continued I
was talking to Andy wasn't I good moving
on the past perfect now we use the past
perfect when we are talking about
something that happened before something
else in the past so we're in the past
we've got this thing happened first and
then this thing we're looking at the
thing that happened first they'd visited
the cathedral hadn't they
first thing visiting Cathedral second
thing having some lunch we're trying to
remember cuz it's a long way back in the
past
they'd so I abbreviate too they'd they'd
visited the Cathedral hadn't they I'd
bought so the irregular verbs are going
to use their participles I'd bought a
lollipop hadn't I they'd driven to
Norwich hadn't they okay so this is kind
of a lesson where different aspects of
your overall mastery of grammar are
going to come into play because you're
going to need to be able to conjugate
the verbs and we need to know our
participles to get this accurately that
as I said there are other videos to help
you with this the past perfect
continuous now I'm not going to go into
a huge amount of the detail here because
there are different uses of this tense
but one of those uses is to talk about
something that has started
but then stopped for example you'd been
trying very hard hadn't you
so we have some trying the trying stops
but I'm talking about the thing that had
been started you'd been trying very hard
hadn't you I'd been crying hadn't I
they'd been cheating hadn't they and
then the teacher told them off and said
no no no no no don't do that
naughty now as with the first board
we've got positive statements followed
by a negative question and the same
thing applies we can reverse them and
the meaning will change I or I wasn't
tired yesterday was I you weren't tired
yesterday were you yep just putting the
negative over here and this becomes
positive I didn't meet you in
Switzerland last year did I so it's like
a surprise you weren't talking to Andy
were you again again the effect is like
a surprise they hadn't visited the
cathedral had they so this time it's
like a checking we're trying to figure
out what exactly they had done and what
they hadn't done you hadn't been trying
very hard had you okay so the past
perfect is a complete action in the past
but it had been going on for some time
very good excellent concentration now
this is exactly the type of lesson we're
doing the quiz is going to be really
important so do make sure that you in
the back of your mind you know you're
going to do the quiz on this one and
it's probably a good video to try and
revisit as well yeah
you watch it maybe today and then in
four days time you're going to watch it
again because we're going through a lot
of tenses in this lesson okay I'll see
you in the future
hi guys made it into the future with me
great stuff
onwards to the future simple I'll get
paid tomorrow won't I
checking that it's going to happen
hopefully future continuous will be
leaving ing form of the verb in ten
minutes
won't we checking that this is going to
happen the future perfect is a sort of
imagined completed action in the future
for example you'll shovel you will have
left the flat or apartment before Friday
won't you double checking that it's
going to happen the future perfect
continuous is something that will
continue up until a certain point so
you'll have been driving for two hours
won't you so I'm imagining that in the
future and we're going to be kind of
looking back so in the future and
thinking what has just been happening up
until that point now just with the
present and with the past we have had
present statements with the questions
phrased in the negative and just like
here we can flip it around so if we want
to say this in the negative we would
have to say I won't instead of will I
won't get paid tomorrow and the wheel
goes here will I we won't
leaving in ten minutes will we you won't
have left the flat before Friday will
you you won't have been driving for two
hours
will you okay that note of surprise
again when we change the construction
around so as I said having a go at
today's quiz will be very beneficial as
will revisiting this tenth revision in a
few days time just so we're really
making sure we know what each of the
tenses are these aren't all of the
tenses in English but they're the most
commonly used so I hope that's been
useful to you and I'll see you very soon