JUDY WOODRUFF: Now to the second part of my conversation with billionaire Warren Buffett.
I spoke with him last week in Omaha last week at the Nebraska Furniture Mart, the largest
furniture store in America. It is just one small piece of a huge portfolio of investments
owned by his company, Berkshire Hathaway, but one that Buffett takes particular pride
in as part of his legacy.
Both the Senate and House Republican health care reform bills would roll back taxes that
are part of Obamacare. Buffett has taken issue with that.
And that's where my conversation picks up.
One of the things the Republicans are looking at, as you know very well, is doing away with
the so-called Obamacare surcharge on people earning a higher income.
WARREN BUFFETT, Chairman and CEO, Berkshire Hathaway: Yes.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Republicans are looking at taking that away, or doing away with that,
which would mean a tax cut, you have said...
WARREN BUFFETT: Yes.
JUDY WOODRUFF: ... for people like you.
WARREN BUFFETT: Yes.
Well, I brought my tax return along for the last year. I filed this on April 15. And if
the Republican -- well, if the bill that passed the House with 217 votes had been in effect
this year, I would have saved -- I can give you the exact figure. I would have saved $679,999,
or over 17 percent of my tax bill.
There's nothing ambiguous about that. I will be given a 17 percent tax cut. And the people
it's directed at are couples with $250,000 or more of income. You could entitle this,
you know, Relief for the Rich Act or something, because it -- I have got friends where it
would have saved them as much as -- it gets into the $10-million-and-up figure.
But I might point out -- it might be an interesting question. I think members of the Senate and
the House get $174,000 a year. But most of them have -- if you look at the disclosures,
they have substantial other income. If they get to higher than $250,000, as a married
couple, or $200,000 as a single person, they have given themselves a big, big tax cut,
if they -- if they voted for this.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, speaking of taxes, let's just use that as an entry point to talk about
it.
You shared some of your tax return with us for 2016. Thank you very much.
WARREN BUFFETT: Yes.
JUDY WOODRUFF: But before I ask you about that, how wealthy are you? I mean, I'm reading
that you're $77 billion?
WARREN BUFFETT: Ninety-nine percent of my net worth is in Berkshire Hathaway stock.
Every share of that stock has been pledged to philanthropy.
So, I'm a trustee for that stock. So, it will go to society. And then the rest will as well.
But if you add up what's in my name, if we go down to my safe deposit box, we will find
some stock certificates that are worth that much.
But as I -- you know, I have written, they have no utility to me. They can't do anything
to make me happier. I'm already happy. I would be happy with, you know -- certainly with
$100,000 a year, I could be very happy. And they can't buy anything for me that I want.
If they did, I would buy it.
And they do have utility to others, so I have got this system to essentially try and translate
that into vaccines and education and all of that sort of thing.
JUDY WOODRUFF: The reason I bring that up, Warren Buffett, is that that's your wealth,
your worth. And yet, on your tax return, you earned $19 million-something.
WARREN BUFFETT: Right.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Nineteen-and-a-half million last year.
Your effective tax rate was 16.3 percent, which -- we looked it up. This is what an
average couple, a married couple, no children, taking the standard deduction would pay on
an income of $136,000. In other words, a couple who earned -- you earn 143 times more than
they do, but your tax rate is the same as theirs.
WARREN BUFFETT: Yes, I have pointed that out in past, in the past.
And it's even worse than you say, Judy, because you're looking at what that couple would pay
in federal income tax. But they are also paying payroll taxes, in overwhelming cases. And
my cleaning lady has a 15 percent tax, you know, just from Social -- just from the Social
Security that she and her employer pay, but it's kind of incredible.
And now they want to cut it. No, they want to cut it for me. I mean, you know, they -- I
don't look like somebody that deserves a cut.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, they -- the Republicans are talking about lowering taxes...
WARREN BUFFETT: Absolutely.
JUDY WOODRUFF: ... on the...
WARREN BUFFETT: They want to cut my tax 17 percent. They saw those figures and were shocked
that I was paying that much, apparently.
(LAUGHTER)
JUDY WOODRUFF: But, among other things, they're talking about doing away with some of the
-- some of the deductions, charitable deductions, maybe, mortgage deductions, maybe, state and
local tax -- taxes paid as deductions.
Do you have a thought about all those?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, you can't really talk about specifics without looking at the whole
thing.
But if they're talking about making it revenue-neutral, you know, I think if they're going to make
it revenue-neutral, it ought to be -- it ought to be something other than revenue-neutral
to the guys like me. Our rates should go up, allowing others to go down somewhat.
I think there ought to be minimum taxes for people that make $10 million a year, and a
different one at a million a year, but certainly at $10 million a year.
JUDY WOODRUFF: They also, as you know, want to tackle business corporate tax rates. They're
talking about the current corporate rate, lowering it from 35 percent to 15 percent?
The president has talked about -- I guess Speaker Paul Ryan this week said 20 percent.
What would that mean for you if...
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, it would mean, for Berkshire, in all probability, that we would pay less
in U.S. federal income taxes.
But until you see the final thing, you can't tell. Berkshire Hathaway is the second largest
corporation on the Fortune 500 this year. I don't know any case where our competitiveness
is being hurt by the federal income tax rate on corporations.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Estate taxes, a thought about that?
WARREN BUFFETT: Oh, estate taxes, I mean, I -- you hear people call it the death tax.
There are going to be two-and-a-half million people die in the United States this year.
How many estate tax returns are there going to be? Probably about 5,000. And the interesting
thing is, if I talked to somebody about welfare mothers or something like that, they say how
debilitating it is to have these food stamps, and it takes away their incentive to do anything.
If a kid comes out of the right womb in this country, they have got food stamps for their
rest of their life. They just call them stocks and bonds. And their welfare officer is their
trust officer.
I mean, I think I -- I think having a significant estate tax that starts at a fair-sized level
is -- if you're going to have to raise $3.5 trillion, I think that's a good source of
revenue, and that I -- it shouldn't apply to, you know, 99 percent of the people.
JUDY WOODRUFF: You have been very -- I mean, very open about your own taxes, and people
have taken a look at that, and they have also looked at Berkshire Hathaway. It has been
pointed out that Berkshire Hathaway does take advantage of the legal ability to defer taxes,
and...
WARREN BUFFETT: Sure. Well, that's because...
JUDY WOODRUFF: And I saw a number, something like $75 billion in deferred taxes?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, that's we haven't cashed things that we -- just like you, if you have
got a stock that's gone up a whole lot, until you sell it.
But that's just the law. And we're going to -- we don't have any of the Cayman Islands
or anything like that stuff. But we follow the law, and we got a million shareholders.
And I think they probably expect us to do that. That doesn't mean I don't think the
law shouldn't be changed in some way.
But I follow the law in terms of my personal return. I do not send an extra $5 million
to the Treasury.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Your philanthropy, we have talked about it a little bit. It's legendary.
You and Bill Gates, Melinda Gates have come together and, I guess, broken all records
imaginable for giving.
At the same time, it's being pointed out that you're also making -- you first made that
pledge, what, 10, 11 years ago.
WARREN BUFFETT: 2006, yes.
JUDY WOODRUFF: 2006.
You're now making so much more even than you did then. People are saying, well, wait a
minute, you know, is he going to be giving more away?
How do you think about that?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, I have got it set up so that, if I make more, I do give more, because
I'm giving on a schedule, and that schedule ends 10 years after I die.
So, it's all -- so I'm not setting up -- and, actually, they can't use it for endowments
or anything. It has to be spent within 10 years, really, after my estate's closed, but
call it after I die.
JUDY WOODRUFF: How much influence do you think you had on other, others with wealth, with
means to give, to be as generous as you have been?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, a lot of people come back to me on that.
And basically, I said, you know, if you're extremely rich, and you have got children,
my theory was, you give them enough so they can do anything, but not enough so they can
do nothing. And I have had more people come back to it, so, apparently I was smarter in
1980, whatever it was, than I am now. But that seemed to have some influence.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Are you comfortable today with what you're giving? I mean, does it feel...
WARREN BUFFETT: It's exactly what I wanted to do.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Does it feel like the right thing to be doing right now?
WARREN BUFFETT: It's the right thing. It's the right thing, because it's going -- it's
going to people who believe, as the Gates, for example, that every life is of equal value.
I mean, the truth is, I have got a lot of wealth, little pieces of paper, says Berkshire
Hathaway on it. They are claim checks on all kinds of goods and services in the world.
They can buy anything. I can buy 400-foot yachts and have 20 homes and all that. I wouldn't
be happier. But they can buy anything.
And once they move into the hands of people who are working like hell on getting something
accomplished in areas I want them to -- you know, I love the idea of getting them used,
and that's what they're doing.
JUDY WOODRUFF: You said it wouldn't make you happy to have a hundred, 200 homes and yachts
and so forth. What does make Warren Buffett happy?
WARREN BUFFETT: I just have a lot of fun doing my job.
I mean, I can do anything I want, basically, as long as it doesn't involve athletic ability,
or something like that.
(LAUGHTER)
WARREN BUFFETT: But if it's something I can buy, I can buy anything, basically.
I have been on 400-foot yachts, and I have -- I have lived the life a little bit with
people that have 10 homes and everything. And I live in the same house I bought in 1958.
And if I could spend $100 million on a house that would make me a lot happier, I would
do it.
But, for me, that's the happiest House In the world. And it's because it's got memories,
and people come back, and all that sort of thing. So, I am doing what I love to do with
people I love. And it doesn't get any better than that, Judy.
And -- but I should be. I mean, why in the hell -- why should I be working at 86 at something
that I don't like or with people I don't like?
JUDY WOODRUFF: And I see you're drinking a Cherry Coke.
WARREN BUFFETT: Right.
JUDY WOODRUFF: How do you stay healthy?
WARREN BUFFETT: Well, I think I stay healthy partly by being happy, actually.
I think that -- I think it really helps if your stomach isn't grinding all the time,
and you're doing things you don't want to do, or you're working with people that -- you
know? So I have gone very light on the diet advice.
I eat like a normal 6-year-old, but if you look at the mortality statistics, I mean,
6-year-olds don't die very often.
(LAUGHTER)
WARREN BUFFETT: I mean, the diet's doing something for them.
JUDY WOODRUFF: How much sleep do you get?
WARREN BUFFETT: I get quite a bit of sleep. I like to sleep.
So I will usually sleep eight hours a night, and that -- no, I have no desire to get to
work at 4:00 in the morning.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So many people look at you and they think, oh, my goodness, this man,
he's accomplished so much. He's been so successful. He's 86 years old, and he's still going strong.
WARREN BUFFETT: I love it.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So, what do they -- so, what's the secret?
WARREN BUFFETT: The secret is to find what you love to do.
I mean, I tell the students look for the job that you would take if you didn't need a job.
I mean, it's that simple. And I was lucky enough to find it very early in life. And
then the second thing is to have people around you that make feel good every day, and make
you a better person than you otherwise would be.
I have more fun doing this than anything else I can think of in the world, and I have seen
a lot of other things you could do in the world.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Warren Buffett, thank you very much.
WARREN BUFFETT: Thank you, Judy.
JUDY WOODRUFF: And he does come across as a happy man.
And, for the record, Warren Buffett is CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, which owns BNSF Railway.
It is one of the funders of the "NewsHour."