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Let’s see the topic for today.
It’s Carbon Dioxide Sequestration.
What is Carbon Dioxide Sequestration?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration is the process by which Carbon dioxide or CO2, as
it is technically referred to, is removed or captured from the atmosphere to lower the
effect of global warming.
Sequestration is a natural phenomenon occurring on its own.
However, the rate of CO2 generation has surged sharply, and the natural sequestration process
is unable to cope up with the situation.
Carbon dioxide sequestration is receiving considerable attention since most of the countries
are working on cutting their carbon emissions.
The CO2 produced from the industrial processes, or the atmosphere could be collected and sent
through pipelines or gas tankers to the fields where they can be injected into the depleted
reservoirs.
Carbon sequestration can be of 3 types: 1.
Biological: This is the storage of carbon in biological reservoirs such as oceans, soil,
grasslands, or forests.
2.
Geological: In this the carbon is stored in underground geological formations like rocks.
3.
Technological: This involves research work to determine ways to look at carbon as a resource.
Technological sequestration can be done in two ways in an oil and gas field:
• Abandoned natural gas fields could be used to fill in the void with the CO2 captured
from the industrial processes.
The reservoir will have storage and seal already in place to accommodate the gas.
• CO2 could be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process to extract the residual oil
from a reservoir.
It involves injecting the gas into the reservoir using one of the drilled wells.
A miscible fluid is formed when injected CO2 mixes with reservoir oil under proper conditions.
When miscibility occurs, the forces of capillary pressure which formerly held the oil, disappear.
The oil is then free to be carried to the producing well.
Here are certain Criteria to consider before the CO2 injection is applied.
• A large gas cap is an unfavorable factor.
If the reservoir pressure is considerably lower than the miscibility pressure, a large
volume of CO2 is needed to obtain miscibility.
• A fractured reservoir is considered unfavorable because it provides a conduit from injection
to producing well.
• A reliable source of CO2 at a reasonable cost is a prerequisite.
• The depth of the reservoir should be equal to or greater than 2,500 ft.
• Temperature is also an essential factor.
Why is CO2 an ideal gas for sequestration?
• The most significant advantage of using CO2 compared to other gases is that it can
extract heavier components up to C-30.
The solubility of CO2 in oil causes it to swell.
• Swelling of oil by CO2 is to a greater extent than caused by methane.
• The colorless gas lowers the oil viscosity and increases oil density.
• It is water-soluble and reduces its density.
• It achieves miscibility at relatively lower pressures.
Well, that’s all for now.
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