A platoon is a military unit typically composed of more than two squads/sections.
Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but typically a platoon
might consist of fifteen to thirty soldiers.
A platoon is often led by a lieutenant, and is the smallest military unit typically led
by a commissioned officer.
In some armies, platoon is used throughout the branches of the army.
In others, such as the British Army, platoons are associated with the infantry.
In a few armies, such as the French Army, a platoon is specifically a cavalry unit,
and the infantry use "section" as the equivalent unit.
A unit of several platoons is often called a company.
Early usage Etymology
According to Merriam-Webster, "The term was first used in the 17th century to refer to
a small body of musketeers who fired together in a volley alternately with another platoon."
The word came from the 17th-century French peloton, from pelote meaning a small ball.
The suffix "-on" can be an augmentative suffix in French, but on the other hand is generally
a diminutive suffix in relationship to animals, so the original intention in forming peleton
from pelote is not clear.
Nonetheless it is documented that it took the meaning of a group of soldiers firing
a volley together, while a different platoon reloaded.
This implies an augmentative intention in the etymology.
Since soldiers were often organised in two or three lines, which were supposed to fire
volleys together, this would have normally meant platoons organised with the intention
of a half or a third of the company firing at once.
The modern French word peloton, when not meaning platoon, can refer to a troop of animals or
the main body of riders in a bicycle race.
Pelote itself originally comes from the low Latin "pilotta" from Latin "pila", meaning
"ball", and the French suffix "-on" derives from the Latin suffix "-onus".
Use as a firing unit The platoon was originally a firing unit rather
than an organisation.
The system was said to have been invented by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in 1618.
In the French Army in the 1670s, a battalion was divided into 18 platoons who were grouped
into three "firings"; each platoon in the firing either actually firing or reloading.
The system was used in the British, Austrian, Russian and Dutch armies as well.
Modern usage On 1 October 1913 under a scheme by General
Sir Ivor Maxse, the British Army was reorganised from the previous eight companies to a battalion
structure to a four company structure with each company having four platoons as separate
units each commanded by a lieutenant with a platoon sergeant as his deputy.
Each platoon was divided into four sections each commanded by a corporal.
When there was a shortage of officers, a non commissioned officer rank of Platoon Sergeant
Major was created in 1938 and ceased in 1940.
Australian organization In the Australian Army, a platoon has twenty-four
soldiers organized into three eight-man sections plus a Lieutenant as platoon commander and
a sergeant as platoon second in command, accompanied by a platoon radioman and medic.
A Section comprises eight soldiers led by a Corporal with a Lance Corporal as second
in command.
Each section has two fireteams of four men, one led by the corporal and the other by the
lance corporal.
Each fireteam has one soldier with a F89A1 light machine gun and the other three armed
with F88 assault rifles.
One rifle is equipped with an attached M203 grenade launcher for the grenadier's role
while another has a C79 optical sight for the designated marksman role.
The platoon may also have three MAG 58 general-purpose machine guns, one M2 Browning heavy machine
gun or a Mk 19 grenade launcher at its disposal.
British organization In the British Army, a rifle platoon from
an infantry company consists of three sections of eight men, plus a signaller, a platoon
sergeant, the platoon commander and a mortar man operating a light mortar.
This may not be the case for all British Infantry units, since the 51mm mortars are not part
of the TOE, post-Afghanistan.
Under Army 2020, a platoon in the Heavy Protected Mobility Regiments will consist of around
30 soldiers in 4 Mastiff/FRES UV vehicles.
Each section is commanded by a corporal, with a lance corporal as second-in-command and
six privates divided into two four-man fireteams.
Support Weapons platoons are generally larger and are commanded by a captain with a Colour
Sergeant or WO2 as 2ic.
Some sections are seven man teams.
An armoured "platoon" is known as a "Troop".
Bangladeshi organization In Bangladesh Army infantry regiments, platoons
are commanded by a major or a captain, assisted by two to four lieutenants and at least two
sergeants..
The platoon strength is typically thirty to fifty soldiers.
These platoons are equipped with at least one heavy machine gun, rocket launcher or
anti-tank gun, with the crews of these weapons commanded by a corporal.
In addition, there are at least two light machine guns, each commanded by a lance corporal.
Each soldier is armed with an automatic or semi-automatic rifle and all commissioned
officers carry a side arm.
Canadian organization In the Canadian Army, the infantry Platoon
Commander is a Lieutenant or Second Lieutenant, assisted by a Platoon Warrant.
It is usually divided into three eight man sections and a heavy weapons detachment which
will deploy a GPMG, and a Carl Gustav, depending on mission requirements.
Sections are commanded by a Sergeant or Master Corporal with a Master-Corporal or Corporal
in the second in command, or 2IC, position; 6 of the eight soldiers in a section will
carry C7 or C8 assault rifles fitted with either optics or a grenade launcher and two
members will carry C9 LMG's.
A section is broken into two assault groups of 4 with one LMG and three assault rifles,
similar to British and Australian organization.
Three to five infantry platoons will make up a typical infantry company, sometimes with
a heavy weapons or support platoon in addition.
Specialist platoons like reconnaissance, or "recce", platoons that may be attached to
a battalion may be led by a Captain and assisted by a Warrant Officer.
Some very large specialist platoons will actually have a Lieutenant as the second-in-command.
In many corps, platoon-sized units are called troops instead.
Prior to 1940, a platoon might be commanded by either a warrant officer WO III or a lieutenant.
An officer was referred to as "platoon commander" while a WO III in the same position was called
a "Platoon Sergeant Major" or PSM.
Colombian organization Within the Colombian Army a training platoon
is often commanded by a higher-ranking soldier known as a dragoneante, who is selected for
his excellence in discipline and soldiering skills.
However, a dragoneante is still a soldier and can be removed from his position if his
commander sees fit.
For combatant platoons, a corporal or sergeant would be the most likely commander.
French organization In the French military, a peloton is a unit
of cavalry or armor corresponding to the platoon, equivalent in size to an infantry section,
and commanded by a lieutenant or sergeant.
It may also mean a body of officers in training to become noncommissioned officers, sous-officiers
or officers.
Finally, "peloton d'exécution" is the French term for a firing squad.
Georgian organization The Georgian Armed Forces equivalent of the
platoon is the so-called Ozeuli.
Translated it means "Group of 20" but has no more connection whatsoever with the number.
It has been transferred into modern usage from medieval army reforms of the Georgian
king David the Builder.
Originally it was meant to be a small detachment of exactly 20 men to be led by a leader of
corresponding rank.
Almost all smaller formations are based on the designations of those reforms, which originally
suggested tactical flexibility by keeping the size of small units in round numbers.
Battalions and brigades were not affected by that system.
It is unknown whether that usage was abandoned in 1820s or earlier, but in present days a
Georgian platoon still called "Ozeuili" has a similar size to that of other armies.
Normally for infantry it are 32 men, but can vary depending on type of unit.
German organization
The German Army equivalent of the platoon is the Zug, consisting of a Zugtrupp, of four
to six men, and three squads of eight to eleven men each.
An Oberfeldwebel is in charge of the Zugtrupp.
The Zugtrupp provides support for the platoon leader and acts as a reserve force.
Three Züge make up a Kompanie, with the first platoon usually commanded by a Kompanieoffizier,
an Oberleutnant or Leutnant, who is also the Kompanie's second-in-command.
The second and third Zug are led by experienced NCOs, usually a Hauptfeldwebel.
In the first platoon, the platoon leader's assistant is a Hauptfeldwebel; in the second
and third platoons, the assistant is an Oberfeldwebel.
Each squad is led by an Oberfeldwebel, and its size corresponds to the typical passenger
capacity of its squad vehicle.
Another of these vehicles is used for the Zugtrupp.
Sergeants of inferior rank act as assistant squad leaders in the other squads.
A Fallschirmjägerzug has special operations responsibilities, and has command positions
one rank higher than corresponding positions in a standard infantry platoon.
A captain is the platoon leader, assisted by a first lieutenant and each squad has a
second lieutenant or a master sergeant in charge, often supported by a long-service
sergeant or skilled senior corporal.
New Zealand organization In the New Zealand Army, an Infantry Platoon
is commanded by a 2nd Lieutenant or a Lieutenant with a Platoon Sergeant, a Platoon Signaller
and a medic comprising the Platoon Headquarters.
The Platoon is sub-divided into three section of between 7-10 soldiers, each commanded by
a Corporal with a Lance-Corporal as the Section 2iC.
Each section can be sub-divided into two fire-teams, commanded by the Section Commander and 2iC
respectively, as well as normal two man Scout, Rifle and Gun Teams.
There are three Platoons in a Rifle Company, which is commanded by a Major, and Three Rifle
Companies within an Infantry Battalion, which is commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel.
An Infantry Battalion will also contain an organic Support Company and a Logistics Company.
Singapore organization In the Singapore Army, a platoon is a Lieutenant
billet.
In practice, usually a Second Lieutenant is appointed the platoon commander, and will
eventually be promoted to this rank.
A typical infantry platoon consists of three seven-man sections of riflemen and a machine
gun team, both commanded by Third Sergeants, a platoon sergeant and a platoon medic for
a total of 27 soldiers.
Beginning in 1992, the Singapore Armed Forces has allowed warrant officers to be appointed
as platoon commanders.
Thai organization In the Royal Thai Army, a platoon is commanded
by a Lieutenant or Second Lieutenant assisted by a Platoon Sergeant, usually of the rank
of sergeant major.
In infantry units, rifle platoons are generally made up of five squads.
United States organization United States Army
In the United States Army, Rifle Platoons are normally composed of 42 soldiers.
They are led by a Platoon Leader, usually a second lieutenant, and with a Platoon Sergeant,
usually a Sergeant First Class.
Rifle Platoons consist of three nine-man Rifle squads and one nine-man Weapons squad each
led by a Staff Sergeant.
The Platoon Headquarters includes the PL, PSG, along with the PL's Radio-Telephone Operator,
Platoon Forward Observer, the FO's RTO and the Platoon Medic.
United States Marine Corps
In the United States Marine Corps, rifle platoons are led by a platoon commander, usually a
second lieutenant, assisted by a platoon sergeant, a staff sergeant.
The platoon headquarters also includes a platoon guide, a sergeant, who serves as the assistant
platoon sergeant and a messenger.
Rifle platoons consist of three rifle squads of 13 men each, led by a sergeant.
A weapons platoon will usually have a first lieutenant and a gunnery sergeant because
of the larger number of Marines and the more complex employment of the weapon systems included
in these platoons.
A weapons platoon has a 60mm mortar section of ten Marines and three M224 60mm mortars,
an assault section of 13 Marines and six SMAWs and a medium machine gun section of 22 Marines
and six M240Gs.
Marine rifle or weapons platoons would also have one or more Navy hospital corpsmen assigned
along with the Marines.
United States Air Force The United States Air Force has a similarly
sized and configured unit called a flight.
A Flight usually ranges from a dozen people to over a hundred, or typically four aircraft.
The typical flight commander is a Captain.
The typical flight chief is a Master Sergeant.
Letter designations can be used, such as Alpha Flight, Bravo Flight, etc.
USSR organization A motorised rifle platoon in the Soviet Armed
Forces was mounted in either BTR armoured personnel carriers or BMP infantry fighting
vehicles, with the former being more numerous into the late 1980s.
Both were led by a platoon leader and assistant platoon leader and consisted of three 9-man
rifle squads mounted in three vehicles.
In both BMP and BTR squads the driver and vehicle gunner stayed with the vehicle when
the rest of the squad dismounted, and one squad in the platoon would have one of their
rifleman armed with an SVD sniper rifle.
There was either one empty seat in each BTR or two empty seats in each BMP to accommodate
the platoon leader and assistant platoon leader.
Tank platoons prior to the late 1980s consisted of a platoon headquarters squad and three
tank squads, each consisting of one T-64, T-72 or T-80 tank for 12 personnel and 4 tanks
total; platoons which used the older T-54, T-55 or T-62s added an additional crewmember
for a total of 16.
However tank units operating in Eastern Europe began to standardize their platoons to just
two tank squads, for a total of 3 tanks and 9 personnel.
See also Military Organization
Platoon References
^ http:www.merriam-webster.complatoon ^ http:www.merriam-webster.complatoon
^ p.250 Curtis, Thomas The London Encyclopaedia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Science, Art,
Literature, and Practical Mechanics...
Volume 9 T. Tegg, 1829 ^ p.486 Lynn, John A. Giant of the Grand Siècle:
The French Army, 1610-1715 Cambridge University Press, 142006
^ p.404 Nimwegen, Olaf Van The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688 Boydell
& Brewer, 212010 ^ p.25 Gudmundsson, Bruce The British Expeditionary
Force 1914-15 Osprey Publishing, 102005 ^ http:www.janes.com29502/british-army-infantry-to-revert-to-81-mm-mortar
^ http:www.scribd.com229240244/UK-Army-Combat-Capability-for-the-Future ^ "Table of Ranks and Responsibilities".
Canadian Soldiers.
Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ US Army Table of Organization ^ US Army, FM 100-2-3 The Soviet Army: Troops,
Organization and Equipment, 4-3 ^ US Army, FM 100-2-3 The Soviet Army: Troops,
Organization and Equipment, Paragraph 4-15 ^ US Army, FM 100-2-3 The Soviet Army: Troops,
Organization and Equipment, Paragraph 4-108 External links