Hey everyone it's Sara and today I want to spend just a quick minute breaking
down some really common dog training and dog behavior terms - now these four terms
are important to know and those are Negative, Positive, Reinforcement and
Punishment - and they're good to know as a dog owner in the event that your dog
trainer is using these terms so that you can understand some of the jargon but
also if you're interested in something like dog training or becoming a
professional behavior consultant it's important to understand these terms so
that you can apply them in practice whether with your own dog or dogs that
you're looking to train as well. We're going to talk about how these four terms
actually fit into the famous quadrant and what they all mean and before we get
into the video please be sure to hit that LIKE BUTTON if you like this video
you can go ahead and SUBSCRIBE to the channel and RING THAT BELL to receive
more notifications when content just like this is released - alright let's get
right into the first two terms. Okay, so first up are the terms "Negative" and
"Positive" now a lot of people think about these terms as you would in
psychological terms so whereas negative means something bad
or something that makes us unhappy and "Positive" meaning something good that
does make us happy - now the problem is this doesn't relate to the way that
these terms are used in dog training and behavior modification so try not to
think about them in terms of good/bad and happy/sad rather what we're
looking for using the terms "Positive" and "Negative" is more in line with like
mathematical terms so think of "Positive" like you're adding something and think
of "Negative" like you're taking something away so "Positive" = Addition
"Negative" = Subtraction. Now that we know these two terms let's tie them into the other two
terms that we're talking about which are "Punishment" and "Reinforcement" those are
the other two key terms now with "Punishment" and "Reinforcement" a
punisher is meant to stop a behavior and punishment typically means something
that is aversive. Aversive means something that is uncomfortable or
unpleasant to the dog reinforcement on the other hand is the opposite
reinforcement see makes means that we're going to want to repeat a behavior or
see a behavior repeated and it's a form of encouragement in one direction or the
other so next we're going to talk about putting all four of these things
together and what that looks like. Okay so I've cleared the board so we can go
ahead and draw our quadrant and see how all four of these terms
fit together now with the quadrant obviously we have four sides and it
should be known that there are a few different terms for this quadrant one of
them might be the "Consequence Quadrant" one is "Operant Conditioning
Quadrant" the other one is the "Training Quadrant" so there's a bunch of different
names for it all means the same thing - so let's take a look at those terms that we
just went over. We went over "Negative" and we went over "Positive" so we have two
quadrants with "Negative" and two quadrants for "Positive" the other thing
we have is "Punishment" and "Reinforcement" now this is a little bit confusing but
it's actually written backwards so I'm gonna write it the way that you might
see it in type so if you see "R -" it's actually "Negative Reinforcement" but it's
written as reinforcement negative same with "R+" that means "Positive
Reinforcement" but you might see "R+" trainer mean that's a totally Positive
Reinforcement trainer so we've got our two reinforcers and now we have our
"Negative Punishment" and our "Positive Punishment" quadrants so now we know
how that all fits together - now that we know how that fits together let's go
ahead and take a look at a couple of video examples to show you what each of
these look like in actual practice. In this example of "Negative Reinforcement"
the negative part the part we're taking away is pressure on the leash the
reinforcer is the likelihood that this dog is going to repeat the behavior of
being loose on the leash because of what we're taking away so notice as we're
walking along where you see the pressure alleviate on the leash and the dog walk
more loosely
In this example of "Positive Reinforcement" the positive part is
adding in the food reward which leads to reinforcing the behavior or encouraging
her to repeat this behavior because I've added in something good for her.
You can see here she exhibits the behavior - I add in a reinforcer so that she'll
repeat the behavior again. So this is an example of "Positive Punishment" and I'm
actually gonna I'm just gonna pause this right here because I want to give you
the heads up this is actually a pretty difficult video to watch so it does have
some sensitive material and I actually have a full video on this with my
reaction to this type of methodology I'll put the link to that video in the
description but just to give you a heads up it is sensitive material and the
positive part to this is that we're adding in physical contact with this dog
and the punishment part is that it's aversive for this dog we are looking to
stop a behavior using a method that is uncomfortable or unpleasant for the dog
okay so let's watch.
Lastly, we have an example of "Negative Punishment" what's negative is that we're
gonna remove something of value that the dog wants and in this scene here this dog
very much wants to engage and wants attention from this person so the
negative portion is actually removing the attention from this dog in a moment
he's going to remove himself from the picture altogether now the punishment
part to this is that again we're looking to stop a behavior and in this case this
individual is trying to stop this dog from jumping by removing something of
value to the dog. Okay, so now that you have some examples to see what that
looks like in practice of what is reinforcing what is punishing what is
negative and what is positive there's something really important that I want
to point out and that is every dog is different every dog is an individual and
why I bring that up is what is positively reinforcing to one dog might
actually be very aversive to another dog for example if I'm working with Bailey
the Labrador Retriever and he's happy-go-lucky and he's well socialized
and when he does something good and I want him to repeat that behavior and
encourage that I might say good boy and I might get very excited and make him
very happy he would find that positively reinforcing however if I did that same
movement and that same good boy with all that motion that fast movement motion
with a dog that's more shut in and has poor sociability skills and doesn't like
loud noises or fast movements that might be "Positive Punishment" I might be adding
something that makes that dog uncomfortable or as unpleasant
inadvertently so it's very important to know even though you have an English
understanding of what these terms mean that it means something different and
you have to understand what it means from the dogs
perspective hopefully you found some good value in this video in breaking
down what these terms these very common terms and dog training and dog behavior
mean and how you can apply that with your own dog at home or in your own
practice again please be sure to hit that LIKE BUTTON if you like this video
hit the SUBSCRIBE and RING THAT BELL to receive more notifications when new
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