Dear friends and flight students welcome back to this third and last video of the holding pattern series today
I'll be explaining you how to fly the entries as discussed in the previous video and
how to correct for time and wind by using a pen and paper and a stopwatch
So get out your pen and stopwatch and let's get started
Let's discuss the wind and time corrections first and talk about how to fly the entries at the end so you've established
yourself in the holding and as mentioned in the previous video the inbound leg towards the holding fix shall always be
one minute long below flight level one four zero unless
otherwise specified by ATC
But your stopwatch is
showing different your inbound leg is one minute and thirty seconds long and at the same time you are nowhere near the
Inbound course when coming out of the outbound turn now the only reason for that is
Yes winds in order to counteract from being pushed off your desired track you need to calculate a so-called
WCA a Wind Correction Angle
during your flight briefing you had a look at the weather forecast and the winds near your
Destination Airport are blowing from the Northwest with three three zero degrees at 20 knots
So as you fly 100 knots with your Cessna and wants to navigate
Directly towards the holding fix at a track of three six zero as you are on a radial one eight zero
Inbound the wind blows with a thirty degree angle at you
So the formula to use is
wind angle times wind speed
divided by true airspeed
Gives you the wind correction angle you have to add or subtract to your heading in order to fly the desire track
towards the vor so instead of flying heading three six zero
Towards the view are you have to correct and fly a heading of three five four?
Makes sense right as the wind is coming from the left and wants to push you to the right so you have to
Counteract the drift or push to fly into the wind now another issue arises
You can't use the wind correction angle during a standard rate turn and meaning
after you've passed a holding fix and you start your turn the wind will continue to push as it also becomes a
tailwind during the turn so to
Counteract a drift you have to apply the wind correction angle forward a turn on the outbound
now as the wind it won't take a break during your flight along the outbound course you have to add the wind correction a
second time
Then you start to turn towards the inbound calls and now the wind actually becomes a headwind during your turn so to compensate
for the wind during the turn or the second turn you add the wind correction a
third time to your outbound heading with our example that would mean instead of flying heading one eight zero
We add three times the wind correction angle so three times six equals eighteen degrees
So we have to fly heading one niner eight
Into the wind so memorize if you are flying in bound to the figs add the wind correction angle
Once and then the outbound three times wind correction angle so for the first turn
Along the outbound course and for the second turn now what about timing now
I could get really mathematical about the determining steady, headwind and cross wind component
But there are simpler and quicker rules to apply for timing Corrections now as we look at this diagram here
We have our plane and a hundred and eighty degree arc that which is divided into four pieces now
Let's say we are flying on our outbound course
Which is the determining one regarding wind correction and timing now using our example?
We have a wind blowing from three three zero with twenty knots so it's in the first quarter of our
Diagram now regarding the wind you can clearly see it's a tailwind
So you'll be flying faster down the outbound leg so the rule applies for each knot of tailwind
subtract one second of your outbound time
So in our case that will be twenty seconds leading to an outbound leg of 40 seconds right now
Let's say the wind were to be blowing from two Niner zero with twenty knots and the so it would be in this quarter
Now here the wind is more of a crosswind with less tail and effect so for each knot of wind speed
subtract half second so in our case
20 times half a second is ten seconds of our minute equals an out bottoming of 50 seconds
Now let's say the wind is blowing from one Niner zero with ten knots now the wind has become a headwind slowing you down
on your outbound legs
So instead of subtracting 10 seconds you add 10 seconds
leading to an outbound leg of 1 minute and 10 seconds now because once you turn towards the fix it then becomes a
tailwind which will let you fly faster then again if the wind becomes more of a
Crosswind and less of a headwind effect you multiply the wind speed times
0.5. Seconds so important to know is the wind on the outbound leg a tail wind or a headwind and at which
Angle to subtract or add
Seconds to your outbound time to end up at a 1 minute inbound leg now great advice of mine
Practice practice practice ain't nothing to it but to do it so a big question
Arises when do you start the timing on the outbound leg now when you are a beam of the holding things?
How do you know when you're a beam of the station or the holding fix when your OBS or HSI flicks from the -?
Indication to death from indication similar technique applies on the NDB Holdings as soon as the ADF
needle points at a 90 degree angle to your
Outbound course you can start timing and once you've completed your turn flying
towards the fix you start timing when your wings become
Level now let's talk about how to fly the holding entries because you have to apply wind correction angles to your entries
That's why I had to explain that first
You've determined that you have to enter the hole with a teardrop entry using the techniques shown in the previous video
so
I've placed a teardrop entry into our example holding now
Important to know the first heading you need to fly is the inbound radial 180
minus 30 degrees which gives us a heading
f-150 but as you are going to turn towards the inbound calls you need to add your
Calculated wind correction angle so in this case plus six so heading one five six for one minute
Then you do your turn and apply the wind correction angle again for your inbound course, so
teardrop entry 30 degree angle plus or minus wind correction angle
For one minute and another wind correction angle for the inbound course
Then the parallel entry as shown here you fly
parallel Sudi inbound course in the opposite direction for one minute, then do a
250 degree turn so that you intercept your inbound course at a 45 degree angle
So how often do we need to apply the wind correction angle one time for the parallel entry?
One time for the turn and one time to track down the inbound
Course and last but not least the direct entry which is the easiest to fly?
You crossed a holding fix and turned towards the outbound leg and as you are more or less
Flying the normal holding pattern you
therefore apply the wind correction angle three times in the outbound leg as
You would do any normal holding pattern and once for the inbound course as usual
So how can you practice these techniques now if you have a flight simulator on your computer?
They are a great help to practice the wind correction angle and timing calculations or click the link in the description box below
Which forwards you to a holding trainer app you can download from Amazon, but once you get the hang of it
It's a lot of fun and will give you more confidence once you're actually in the plane. That's it for today
I hope you enjoyed this three-part series about the holding patterns
Please comment below if you want to see more flight school related videos in the future and don't forget a good pilot is always learning
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