Transcriber: Alex Chang Reviewer: DK Kim
Good afternoon everyone, it’s good to be here.
Let me quickly share my slide.
So once again, artificial intelligence or AI,
now they has been interpreted differently, so vastly.
Everyone has a different interpretation.
If you look into my kid, they think AI,
associate with robots like transformer, gundam or even ironman.
And a teenager nowadays, like you guys who think AI is important
in Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok to make you look good.
An engineer will think about AI, Tesla, rocket or even Skynet.
My wife will think AI is very very important in Netflix
because it can recommend a right current drama for her.
If you ask a professor in mathematics,
he will say AI is just a bunch of algorithm for optimization.
And business owner believe AI is important for them to make more money, right?
All are correct at some point.
According to Techopedia, AI is an area of computer science that emphasize
the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like human.
So in the other words, AI just try to mimic a human.
For example, human can see. In AI, we have machine vision.
We can talk and AI here this speech recognition or text to speech.
We are a thinker and AI call it expert system.
Human can read and write and for AI we call natural language processing.
For human, we have the ability for pattern recognition and matching.
Such as, for example, to know roughly how cold it is room right now.
This is based on our past experience.
In AI we call it as a machine learning.
Human have a self learning capability
where we have thousands of neurons in our brain doing just that.
In AI it’s called deep learning.
Where use this neural network,
a series of structure algorithms emitting the way that you run a fire in our brain.
These neural network more than can be trained.
For example, to recognize handwriting, face, or emotion.
And then we have also as a human, we have the mobility.
We have legs we have hand.
It allows us to move around and to do our daily job.
These, in AI, we call it robotics.
I’m sure you have heard these three terms before many many times.
The machine learning, the deep learning and also the robotics.
If you look into this report from Harvard Business Review,
there are three types of AI application to support the business needs,
and they have studied about 152 projects.
Out of the 152 projects, 47% of them are actually for process automation.
This is a very common type of AI.
It is the least expensive and the easiest to implement.
It bring a very quick and high return on investment as well.
For example, a robotics,
automate the report generation and also spam filtering.
The second is called cognitive insight with about 38%.
It is a machine learning application and use algorithms to detect patterns.
One of the key feature is extreme personalization.
This is commonly used in social media, e-commerce
such as Facebook, Shopee, and even in finance.
And finally, you have these call cognitive engagement with 16 percent.
Where this type of AI allows you to engage with customer or employee,
such as using chatbot, service robot, natural language processing and so on.
Nowadays user wants fast information.
Now look into this: Is AI our friend or foe?
The usage of AI is broad.
Here being used in many different industry from our daily life,
Banking, retails, all the way to space industry.
It sounded that AI has brought
a great deal of benefit to us as a friend, right?
Not so much of harming us as an enemy, right?
I’m going to show you some example cases of some are AI as friend
and some are AI as could be our enemy.
Let’s start for the first one: AI as our friend.
There is no doubt that AI has been used widely in our daily life.
Sometimes we don’t even realize it.
One example.
The moment we are at home with a smart home,
controlling our home to our preference
such as the lighting, the temperature and even the security.
We have also use Alexa or vacuum cleaner for convenience.
Then maybe go to work, we actually use ways to guide us
to a destination without getting stuck in the traffic jam.
Google search engine help us to search information in second
that require days in the past.
And we have this spam filtering system in email,
it’s also a form of AI.
Then when we do exercising and socializing and entertainment,
we use all kind of AI device and application.
For example, smartphones, smartwatches,
those actually measure your heartbeat
and all kind of social media that we have.
This is Atlas humanoid, by Boston Dynamics.
It’s one of the most advanced dynamic humanoid at this moment.
It has all the sensors, super intelligent.
It can balance itself and move like a human.
It can run, do parkour, and do flips like this.
I don’t think I can do that.
Well, they’re just amazing, right?
I’m sure you have experienced this yourself in product recommendation.
if you have bought stuff from e-commerce such as Shopee and Lazada.
We keep seeing recommended item, recommend you what to buy.
For Amazon, 35% of the total sales are resulted
from the recommendation engine.
And for Netflix, the interesting fact is that
75% of what you watch on Netflix are actually recommended by AI.
This is a bank in Brazil,
Bradesco Bank has about 65 million customers.
They have trained an AI chatbot powered by IBM Watson
to answer 283,000 questions in a month.
So in some cases, the response time reduced from 10 minutes just to second.
Amazing, right?
Try to imagine that right now the bank does not need to hire
so many operators to handle answering questions.
So this reduce the bank operating costs.
And more importantly is that they have a bunch of very happy customers
that lead into the lead of a business growth.
This is Compact Rehabilitation Robot, or CR2.
It’s a robot to assist physiotherapists
for a more efficient rehabilitation on stroke patient.
So here again, this CR2 is designed to mimic a physio
as we don't have enough physiotherapists.
The patient is holding the robot as if the physio is holding the patient.
So the robot has haptic and virtual reality technology.
So haptic means a lot of patients
to have a task sensory as he or she is being held by the physio.
Use this game also to motivate and make the training more exciting.
CR2 was actually started from a university final year project.
Yes, it’s from a final year project.
This show even undergrad now a day
can have the capability to develop advanced robotic system
that could serve the society.
And what was happening recently in Malaysia
during the first lockdown due to COVID pandemic.
At that time, I think we all know the situation were tense
with high infection rates, shortage of PPE, and lack of workers.
Then a robotics start-up of Johor,
DF automation has developed Makcik Kiah19, MCK19,
a healthcare delivery robot in just 17 days.
This robot can move autonomously to help the hospital to deliver food and medicine.
Do this reduce the usage of PPE and also to reduce the risk of infection.
So it has served together with the nurses
more than fifty three thousand meals at the time three hospital at night.
This is also an illustration that the development of AI and robot
now can be much faster compared to the past
with the current available technology.
Well, as much as AI has greatly benefited the society,
unfortunately AI can bring harm as well.
The first example of the harm is obvious
and many are very very worried about it to be honest.
AI will create job loss and unemployment.
According to a McKinsey report,
it is estimated that up to 800 million jobs will be lost
due to automation by 2030.
This deepfake is fun, right? But yet it’s scary.
If you are aware now all the videos of
former President Barack Obama are all fake,
he looks and sounds very realistic.
Deepfake unfortunately, has been used for crimes such as a politic photographic,
fake mails, revenge, even financial fraud.
AI is biased.
It’s simply because AI is developed by human beings.
As we humans we make error as well as we are biased by nature
due to our difference in upbringing and also culture.
So there will be some prejudice during the development of the AI.
These biases including the gender hiring algorithm, fraud criminology software,
Facebook ad algorithm and also racing.
Another case of AI being an enemy is
actually the data breaches and social manipulation.
One of the recent cases that shook the world is
the infamous Cambridge Analytica data scandal.
This was a serious data breach of about 87 million users were improperly accessed.
This Cambridge Analytica has provided assistant to president campaign in USA.
It was also widely accused for interfering with president in the UK.
This is scary, right?
Try to imagine your preference of your political choice
is due to this manipulation without you actually knowing it.
This is a world of you’re currently living in.
Sometimes we are unsure what is real and what is not.
The next round really no need for great introduction.
The autonomous weapon.
A country doesn’t need to reach their people at all for the war.
They simply send this autonomous weapon.
If this fall to the wrong hand for the wrong purposes,
a lot of innocent life would be at stake. Scary, right?
If you look into this, AI is actually just a tool, just like a knife.
It’s a double-edged knife. It can bring good as well as harm.
If a chef is holding the knife then you would be
beneficial to cut vegetables to make great food.
No doubt about that.
But if the knife falls in the wrong hand,
they could misuse it to rob and harm people.
However, AI you are not able to see whether it bring good or harms so obvious.
It’s not that obvious, right, sometime or maybe most of the time.
For the knife earlier example,
you could see the chef, the robber,
and even the sharp and dangerous area of the knife.
But for AI you’re not able to see at all.
There is no obvious sharp and dangerous area.
You don’t even know who is the programmer.
The programmer could purposely
put some serious bug inside
the application that only happen after one year.
Or it could be the user who use a friendly AI for destructive purposes.
So it makes AI even scarier and dangerous.
I have shown this earlier, one of the example of AI in our daily life.
These AI are great.
It helped us tremendously from the moment we woke up,
working, exercising, socializing until we all went back home, right?
However, one of the possible disaster that could happen
if we allow AI in our life without control.
AI will take our intelligent role,
one of the main reason why we are still in this world.
There will a robot to help us to work,
we’ll have AI to look after our health care
and we have tons of different AI to look after the tons of things.
And even in the future, husband and wife could be a robot as well.
With that, what is the reason for assistance,
we might as well sleep 24-7, 365 days through our life.
Even Elon Musk had made this bold statement.
“AI is far more dangerous than nuclear.”
So, ladies and gentlemen, so what’s next?
There is no doubt that AI is important in our life
and has played a very important role and will continue to do so.
But it has to be within a controlled manner.
If you are an organization who is going to develop the AI,
please make sure the intention is for greater good for mankind.
If you are the programmer,
then we need a policy, law, or even a world treaty
to govern AI that will run or ban those AI if it harm humanity.
And finally, to all of us as a user,
we need to use it with care and responsibility
to ensure AI is good, is used for good.
AI is here to stay.
Friend or foe, it is our responsibility.
Thank you very much.