Now I'm going to talk about how to form the future tense in Turkish
what we're going to do is we're going to start off with our verb stem,
add the appropriate form of the future tense suffix and then tack on the appropriate personal suffix
It's pretty simple
Let's see how it works for our example verb
Let's use "gelmek" to come. We'll start with our verb stem "gel-"
"ben" optional pronoun, I
"gel-"
now to "gel-" we'll simply attach the
appropriate form of the future tense suffix as you can see the future tense suffix follows the rules of two-way vowel harmony
so it can be either "-ecek" or "-acak" and
if the verb you're attaching the future tense suffix to
If the stem of that verb ends in a vowel, you'll need to insert a buffer, "y"
Let's say "gel-" nope, ends in a consonant so we don't need a buffer, "y"
we just choose the appropriate form according to two-way vowel harmony so "gelecek"
"Gelecek" okay. We're not done though because we need to add the appropriate personal suffix
We'll add our personal suffix according to the rules of four-way vowel harmony
but because our personal suffix will be harmonizing with the syllable directly preceding it in other words with
whatever form of the future tense suffix we've chosen we're effectively going to choose either "-im" or "-ım"
Or "-sin" "sın" and so "ben gelecek..im"
but
because this "k" is
sandwiched between those two vowels, you see how it is stuck between two vowels, it is going to undergo
consonant alternation, which you can learn more about elsewhere
What does this mean? That means that in the future tense when a "k" is sandwiched between two vowels
with a vowel on either side it's going to become a
Soft "g" a yumuşak ğ, so "ben gelecek...im" becomes
"Ben geleceğim"
"Ben geleceğim": I will come
moving on
"Sen geleceksin"
Now do we have to change this "k"? We don't because it's not between two vowels
it's got a consonant on its other side, so we'll let this be, "Sen geleceksin": you will come
"O gelecek"
And we don't have a third person singular personal suffix
We need to add so we'll stop there this "k" ca
course stay as it is because there is no vowel on the other side
There's no letter on the other side, so "o gelecek"
He or she or it will come
"Biz gelecek..." Ah!
sandwiched between two vowels
"Biz geleceğiz": We will come
"Siz geleceksiniz"
Notice that that "k" does not have to change because it's not between two vowels and finally
"Onlar geleck": They will come, or
We have the option of adding according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony our familiar plural suffix
So we can also say on "Onlar gelecekler": They will come
With or without it has the same meaning and is equally correct
depending on context
Now I mentioned that
if your verb stem ends in a vowel
You'll want to insert a buffer,"y" between the verb stem and your future tense suffix
Let's see how this will look in
For our example verb we're going to use "okumak" to read
"oku-" verb stem ends in a vowel
Now we know we'll definitely need a buffer "y"
"Okuy-"
The rules of two-way vowel harmony tell us we're going to choose "-acak" as our form of the future genitive suffix
"Okuyaca..."
We know we're going to be adding our
first person singular
personal suffix which begins in a vowel, so we're going to have another one of those "k"s sandwiched between two vowels
so "Okuyacağım": I will read
"Sen okuy-" buffer "y"
"-acaksın"
"Okuyacaksın": you will read
"O okuyacak"
"Biz okuyacağız"
consonant alternation, "okuyacağız" we will read
"Siz okuyacaksınız"
And finally "Onlar okuyacak"
With an optional "-lar": "Okuyacaklar" if we desire to add
that plural suffix according to the rules of two-way vowel harmony
Let me just highlight
where you're going to see called consonant alternation occurring in the future tense
alright, it's anywhere where that
final "k" in the future tense suffix is sandwiched between two vowels, so in the first person singular
and in the first person plural and
That's how you form the future tense in Turkish