What do you believe a person's eye can catch and stare at indefinitely?
Well, I suppose the human eye's range of vision is very limited.
There are objects in space that our naked eyes couldn’t see.
But that isn’t the same with the Hubble Space Telescope.
This automatic space observatory does not have any difficulties in seeing anything in
space.
The Hubble Space Telescope is roughly the same size as a school bus, and it has helped
humanity to discover millions of new objects in space.
In fact, it was because of this space telescope that we were able to watch the birth of new
stars, discovered planets outside of our solar system, and had seen supermassive black holes
in space that our naked eyes couldn’t reach.
Have you missed any of the images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope?
Now, you don't have to be worried!
Because in this video, we'll go through each one by one!
To begin, let us learn a bit about the Hubble Space Telescope.
The Hubble Space Telescope is the world's most famous telescope.
It was given the name Hubble in honor of astronomer Edwin Hubble.
This great astronomer has improved humanity's understanding of the universe.
He was able to show that other galaxies exist.
Scientists expected that the Hubble Space Telescope would be in low-earth orbit for
15 years, but the space telescope had outlasted their expectations.
On the 24th of April 2020, it actually reached 30 years of discovering the secrets of the
universe since it was first sent into space.
The first discovery of the Hubble Space Telescope is the triple solar eclipse on Jupiter.
Jupiter, as you may be aware, has at least 79 moons.
Hubble was able to put two of its moons, the Ganymede and IO, in a single photograph at
the same time, while Callisto is visible on the right side of the shot.
All of them send out a shadow on Jupiter's surface.
According to scientists, in the last 15 years, they have only seen this occurrence twice.
It’s always hard for Hubble to catch Jupiter into its lenses, therefore this discovery
is quite remarkable.
Hubble also photographed Jupiter’s auroras, and scientists have recorded its movement
in a time-lapse, while the photographs were taken in the far-ultraviolet range.
So, what’s the difference between the auroras seen on Earth and on Jupiter?
The area where the auroras glow in Jupiter has a diameter bigger than the Earth's diameter.
It's worth noting, though, that auroras on Jupiter occur for the same reason they do
on Earth.
Solar wind particles collide with gas molecules, typically hydrogen, and transfer energy to
them.
It is just that the three of Jupiter’s moons' particle streams contribute to its radiance.
Moreover, because Jupiter's magnetic field is stronger than that of the Earth, the radiance
of its auroras is many times brighter than we have on Earth.
Another difference is that auroras on Earth occur only during periods of the planet’s
solar activity, however, they shine all the time on Jupiter.
Hubble's next accomplishment was being able to picture Mars in May 2016.
Hubble was able to snap a shot since the known Red Planet approached the earth at a very
close distance of about 80 million kilometers or 50 million miles at that time.
The planet’s volcanoes, craters, and planes are clearly visible in the photo by Hubble.
Some of these are the Arabia Terra, which is an enormous hill that covers roughly 4,500
kilometers or 2,700 96 miles, the Syrtis Major Planum plateau, and the Hellas Planitia plane.
The Fomalhaut, one of the brightest stars in the night sky, is the space telescope's
third discovery.
Fomalhaut is a massive star that is 2.3 times the mass of the sun and six times brighter.
A disc of cosmic dust orbits this star, giving it the appearance of a menacing eye, similar
to Sauron's in Lord of the Rings.
However, the Hubble photograph of this star is noteworthy not only for this reason, but
also because it captured the little orange dot.
And what is this little orange dot?
This is a planet that exists outside of our solar system.
It was given the name Fomalhaut b when it was discovered.
After some time, astronomers dubbed it a Zombie Planet.
After the release of Hubble's photograph of Fomalhaut in 2008, scientists regarded Fomalhaut
b as a planet, but they later reclassified it as a cloud of dust.
Due to additional observations in 2011, Fomalhaut b regained its title as a planet and was given
the name Dagon.
However, astronomers began to question if it can be classified as a planet again in
April 2020s when it is no longer visible in the new Hubble photographs.
This leads astronomers to assume that the Dagon was simply a cloud of dust and debris
created by the collision of two frigid celestial bodies that dissipated over time.
The next discovery is the constellation Centaurus.
The Omega Centauri, a globular cluster of stars, is found within this constellation.
It's fifteen thousand eight hundred light-years away from Earth and home to nearly ten million
stars.
Stars and globular clusters generally form at the same time, but the stars in Omega Centauri
are at various stages of formation.
The majority of the stars captured by Hubble are yellow and white in color.
There were also several red giants and blue stragglers that could be found.
It’s important to mention that Omega Centauri is the Milky Way's largest globular cluster.
Fortunately, this can be seen in the sky even with our naked eyes.
The constellation Cygnus and the Veil Nebula, which is an incredibly gorgeous objects in
space, are another Hubble discovery.
It was created around 8,000 years ago as a result of a supernova explosion.
This star was predicted to be 20 times bigger than the sun.
The only relics of this are the multicolored gas threads captured in the image of Hubble,
squeezed by a shockwave.
The nebula's colored cloud stretches for around a hundred and ten light-years.
When seen from Earth, it seems to be six times the diameter of a full moon.
Yes, it's so big that even scientists considered its parts as separate nebulae.
The Crab Nebula in constellation Taurus was also captured by Hubble's lenses.
Hubble was able to record a series of photographs with the Crab Nebula in them over the course
of nine months, which the scientists turned into a video.
A Pulsar, a relatively young neutron star with a very small diameter of 28 to 30 kilometers
or about 17 to 19 miles is located at the center.
The Pulsar spins at a rapid 30 revolutions per second around its axis, creating a strong
magnetic field and tremendous radiation fluxes that appear like waves in a video.
Another nebula has been discovered by the space telescope, this time in the constellation
Orion, the Horsehead Nebula.
The Horsehead Nebula is a black nebula made up of dense gas and dust clouds that absorb
visible light from other stars.
If this is put over a red background, the dark Horsehead Nebula's outlines are seen
vividly.
The radiation from Alnitak, the nearest bright star, causes hydrogen clouds to glow.
The nebula is constantly giving rise to new stars.
Aside from Crab and Horsehead Nebula, there is also Bubble Nebula.
At the center of this nebula, is a large and hot star that creates tremendous gas flows.
Over time, the stellar winds blew out the gas and dust, forming the nebula's unique
fibrous patterns.
According to experts, the star will become a supernova and will explode in 10 to 20 million
years, and the Bubble Nebula will eventually collapse as a normal bubble does.
With the help of the Hubble Space Telescope, we can now take a tour of distant galaxies.
Just like this spiral staircase-like Whirlpool Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici.
At around 23 million light-years away, this is one of the closest spiral galaxies to the
Earth.
The galaxy's arms are nearly perfectly symmetrical.
If you look into the galaxy closer, you can see its yellow stars in the center and young
blue stars on the borders.
It's worth mentioning that Hubble holds the world record for the largest observational
range.
One way to prove this is its ability to record the constellation Ursa Major, which is the
farthest away from Earth of all known galaxies.
Ursa Major is thirteen billion light-years away from us.
But it seemed like the light from the galaxy it is located had just crossed the gap between
us and had arrived on Earth.
Now, 400 million years after the Big Bang, we can see it as it was.
This galaxy is a quarter of the size of the Milky Way.
Scientists believed that this galaxy is 13 billion light-years away from Earth.
The Hubble Space Telescope's ability to capture is not limited to motionless stars in galaxies,
but it can also capture fast-moving objects.
In fact, it was able to capture the comet 2I/Borisov, which was traveling at over a
hundred and seventy-five thousand kilometers per hour or over a hundred and nine thousand
miles per hour and was around 420 million kilometers or 261 million miles from Earth.
The seven-hour observation of the comet on October 12th, 2019, was captured in a time-lapse
from Hubble photos.
In there, the center section of the comet, which is made up of dust and gas and appears
as a bright blue cloud, can be seen.
The stars that happened to be in the frame as Hubble was photographing the comet looked
like streaks of light in the image.
This comet did not originate in our solar system, but rather passed through it, making
it the second known interstellar object to travel through our solar system.
The Hubble Space Telescope has offered people millions of photographs of space over the
years, allowing us to visualize what the universe looks like.
However, the days of this space observatory would not last forever.
NASA has put the space telescope's missions on hold in order to repair and update it.
It was actually expected to be replaced by the new James Webb Space Telescope in 2021.
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