Hello!
In today’s lesson you will learn
how to say ‘however’ or 'but'
in the Korean language.
The grammatical construction looks like this.
A verb or an adjective stem plus ‘~지만’.
regardless of whether the stem
ends with a consonant or a vowel.
‘~지만’ is a conjunction.
And the role of conjunctions is
to connect sentences into more complex ones.
Here we have two independent sentences.
‘저는 한국어를 공부합니다.’
‘I learn Korean.’ and
‘제 친구는 한국어를 공부하지 않습니다.’
‘My friend does not learn Korean.’
So, to say
‘I learn Korean but my friend does not learn Korean’
In English we just put the conjunction ‘but’
between these two sentences.
To say the same thing in Korean
first, we need to remove the sentence ending
from the first sentence
and to leave just a stem.
‘공부하…’
After that we attach ‘~지만’ to the stem.
‘저는 한국어를 공부하지만...
...제 친구는 한국어를 공부하지 않습니다.’
You can also change the sentence order
but in this case you will need to attach ‘~지만’ to another verb.
‘제 친구는 한국어를 공부하지 않지만 저는 한국어를 공부합니다.’
Always attach ‘~지만’ to a sentence that comes first.
There shouldn’t be any space between ‘~지만’
and a verb or an adjective stem.
Also, look at how I use ‘~지만’ with negative sentences.
Pay attention to the particles order.
A verb, ‘~지 않다’, ‘~지만’
Let’s take a look at how we can say
this sentence in the past and future tenses.
‘My friend did not learn Korean but I learned Korean.’
Pause the video and read this sentence in Korean.
‘제 친구는 한국어를 공부하지 않았지만
저는 한국어를 공부했습니다.’
If you read this as ‘anh as ji man’
you should probably need to watch the lesson #5.
It’s ‘an’, ‘at’, ‘ji’, ‘man’.
‘An at ji man’.
So, the verb goes first.
Then we attach
the grammatical construction ‘~지 않다’.
then the past tense suffix ‘~았’,
and finally the conjunction ‘~지만’.
In the future tense
this sentence would sound like
‘제 친구는 한국어를 공부하지 않겠지만
저는 한국어를 공부하겠습니다.’
‘My friend will not learn Korean but I will learn Korean.’
The particle order is the same.
Just the tense particle is different.
Now let’s add one more particle ‘~(으)시’
which is the honorific particle
to see where we place it.
These sentences are in the present,
past, and in the future tenses.
‘제 어머니께서는 한국어를 공부하지 않으시지만…’
‘My mom does not learn Korean but…’
‘제 어머니께서는 한국어를 공부하지 않으셨지만…’
‘My mom did not learn Korean but…’
and ‘제 어머니께서는 한국어를 공부하지 않으시겠지만…’
‘My mom will not learn Korean but…’
So this is the particle order.
The negation goes first,
then it’s followed by an honorific particle,
then we attach a tense suffix,
and finally we use the conjunction.
Now let’s see how well you understood the material.
Pause the video and try to translate
these sentences into Korean.
‘저는 음악을 듣지만…’
‘듣지 않지만…’
‘들었지만…’ not ‘듣었지만’
because ‘듣다’ is an irregular verb
and its stem is followed by a vowel.
‘듣지 않았지만…’
‘듣겠지만…’
‘듣지 않겠지만…’
‘비싸지만…’
‘비싸지 않지만…’
‘비쌌지만…’
‘비싸지 않았지만…’
‘비싸겠지만…’
‘비싸지 않겠지만…’
You can pause the video and read it for yourself.
Okay, so this conjunction can be used
not only with verbs and adjectives
but also with nouns.
If a noun ends with a vowel you have to use ‘~지만’.
And if it ends with a consonant use ‘~이지만’.
Take a look at these examples to see
how you can use this conjunction with nouns.
If you like, you can pause the video
and try to translate the sentences for yourself.
Alright, so
‘That person is Korean but he does not speak Korean.'
‘저 사람은 한국 사람이지만 한국어를 못합니다.’
In the Korean language,
in short sentences like this one
where a subject is obvious
you shouldn’t mention it twice like in English.
In English we say ‘that person’ and ‘he’
but in Korean we just say ‘that person’.
That’s it.
Don’t use ‘he’ over here.
Okay, the next sentence is,
‘This kid is 3 years old but he still cannot speak.’
‘이 꼬마가 3살이지만 아직도 말을 못해요.’
If you don’t understand this part, ‘말을 못해요’
watch the lesson #20.
And this is how we use ‘~지만’
in the past tense.
‘Last year this kid was 3 years old
but this year he is 4.’
‘작년에 이 꼬마가…’
‘ ...3살이었지만 금년에는 4살이에요.’
If a noun ends with a consonant use ‘~이었’
and if it ends with a vowel use ‘~였’
For example,
‘It was me but…’ ‘저였지만…’
There are a few conjunctions in the Korean language
which mean ‘but’.
You can use them as independent words.
‘하지만’, ‘그런데’, ‘그러나’
They are used in different situations.
Therefore, they are not easily interchangeable.
For now just use ‘~하지만’.
‘Yesterday I called my friend.’
Period.
‘But nobody picked up the phone.’
‘제가 어제 친구한테 전화했어요.’
Period.
‘하지만 아무도 전화를 받지 않았어요.’
Let’s take a look at one more example.
‘Today is Monday.’
Period.
‘But I don’t go to school.’
‘오늘은 월요일이에요.’
Period.
‘하지만 학교에 가지 않아요.’ (or 안 가요.)
If you have any questions feel free to ask me.
And this is the list of new words.
I will be using in the next lesson.