This section will provide you with
information about their is techniques
for treating ballast water limiting the
amount of ballast taken is the first
step in an effective ballast management
plan practices that minimize the intake
of port and coastal sediment can also be
effective in reducing aquatic
introductions palestine should be
avoided in very shallow waters in
stagnant areas in the vicinity of sewage
overflows and dredging operations in
areas where target organisms or known
pathogens are present etc whenever
practical the loading of ballast should
be delayed until the ship is in open
ocean waters ballast water exchange is
currently considered the single most
practical method for ballast water
management ballast water exchange can be
accomplished by either the sequential
empty refill method or by flow through
also referred to as the overflow method
it has been reported that these methods
are about ninety-five percent effective
in eliminating aquatic organisms ballast
water exchange operations should be
performed in deep water away from
coastal shelves and estuarine influences
sequential method is where all ballast
tanks are completely emptied and
refilled at see step by step one or more
tanks at a time and to all ballast has
been replaced the sequential method
requires considerable planning to ensure
that the ship will remain within
accepted criteria the primary
considerations in assessing sequential
exchange scenarios focus on vessel
stability Holger strength propeller
immersion bridge visibility list angle
and in addition the effect in slamming
swashing and damaged stability
the flow-through method whereby tanks
are over filled by pumping in additional
water has the advantage that it can be
used in weather conditions which would
be marginal for use of the sequential
method since there is little change to
the condition of the ship researchers
established that it is necessary to pump
in three times the volume of the tank to
achieve a ninety-five percent change of
water pumping and only wants the volume
of the tank produces a sixty-three
percent exchange twice the volume
reduces eighty-six percent exchange well
4 times the volume produces a 98-percent
water exchange all ballast exchange must
be carefully planned and the following
aspects should be taken into
consideration avoidance of
over-and-under pressurization of ballast
tanks free surface effects on stability
and squashing loads in tanks that maybe
slack at any one time admissible weather
conditions whether routing in areas
seasonably affected by cyclones typhoons
hurricanes or heavy icing conditions
maintenance of adequate intact stability
in accordance with an approved trim and
stability booklet permissible seagoing
strength limits of shear forces and
bending moments in accordance with an
approved loading manual torsional forces
were relevant minimum maximum forward
and aft drafts waving giusto vibration
documented records of ballasting and/or
d ballasting contingency procedures for
situations which may affect the ballast
water exchanges see including
deteriorating weather conditions pump
failure loss of power etc time to
complete the ballast water exchange or
inappropriate sequence there of taking
into account that the ballast water may
represent fifty percent of the total
cargo capacity for some ships monitoring
and controlling the amount of bow
just water if permissible by vessels
draft one alternative is to retain all
ballast on board if the vessel must
shift her ballast while imports to
maintain lists or trim this should as
far as possible be done without
discharging any ballast if ballast
exchange has not been possible some
ports have the facilities to receive
ballast water sure when balancing a
vessel there will always be particles
and mud entering the ballast tanks
together with the water these particles
and mud will form sediment this sediment
has to be removed at regular intervals
consult of the ballast water management
plan on board your vessel or ask your
ballast water management officer about
the interval the sediment can contain
more harmful species than the water only
dispose of sediment in mid-ocean or to a
reception facilities sure in case of an
emergency the local authority must be
contacted before any ballast water is
pumped out in the see the possibilities
in an emergency can be a decision not to
treat physical treatment for example
heat or UV radiation and chemical
treatment chemical sanitization the
convention promotes new techniques for
ballast water management requirements
for new techniques are it must be safe
it must be environmentally acceptable it
must be cost effective it must work at
the time of producing this cbt there are
no other approved techniques than
ballast water exchange
however there are several techniques
under development
here are a few of them mechanical
treatment methods such as filtration and
separation physical treatment methods
such as sterilization biozone
ultraviolet light electric
lawrence and heat treatment chemical
treatment methods such as adding
biocides to ballast water to kill
organisms various combinations of the
above ballast water can be filtered
before it enters the tanks or while it
is being discharged the advantage of
filtering is water is pumped into the
tanks is that organisms that are
filtered out may be retained in their
native habitat if ballast water is
filtered while being discharged proper
disposal of organisms is required to
eliminate accidental introductions one
of the main drawbacks to filtration is
that it requires specialized equipment
which may be expensive to purchase and
install the cost of filtration increases
as smaller particles and organisms are
removed from ballast water since the
sizes of filters used to treat ballast
water are not likely to remove
microorganisms another treatment method
would have to be used to remove
microbial invaders new technologies are
developing ways to increase the flow
rate through filters and prevent
organisms from clogging filters making
this method of treatment more useful
heating ballast water temperatures
between 35 and 45 degrees celsius and
maintaining that temperature for a long
enough period of time is effective in
killing larger organisms such as fish
but not as effective in killing
microorganisms ballast water is heated
by using the engine cooling system
either by using ballast water to cool
the engine or by flushing ballast tanks
with the heated water that was used as
coolant this is a very efficient method
because coolant water is necessary and
would most likely be discharged into the
ocean if it were not used to treat
ballast water
another benefit to this method is that
there are no resulting chemical
by-products there are a few different
chemical treatments developed today
here follows some examples of chemical
treatment by aside
a chemical such as bleach that kills
organisms oxidizing agent chemicals or
destroy cell membrane through
oxidization a molecule is
electron-deficient remove an electron
from another molecule in this reaction
the process of rusting is an oxidation
reaction non-oxidizing buyer side by
size can also be lethal through various
other chemical means ozone this molecule
03 is very important in our upper
atmosphere here is shields us from
harmful ultraviolet rays in the lower
atmosphere however it is the major
component of smog and is a harmful
pollutants it is also often used as a
buyer side in water
ozone is inherently unstable and
dangerous to produce but it is a very
powerful oxidizing agent studies have
shown that if ballast water stays in a
ballast tank for a year or more more
than ninety-five percent of the aquatic
life and pathogens are dead
however this is not an approved method
there is unlikely to be any need for
crew members to take samples accepted
the Express request and under the
supervision of a quarantine officer
balance samples should be taken through
sounding pipes if possible if necessary
they're manholes can be used for ballast
and sediment sampling if sediment
sampling requires tank entry and
enclosed space entry permit must be
issued before entering after completion
of this
ask your ballast water management
officer about the location of sampling
points for the ballast tanks on board
your vessel