Rocket artillery is one of the most destructive weapons on the modern battlefield. Designed to
pump out a high volume of fire within a short period, rocket artillery systems are particularly
dangerous in their ability to obliterate a position before units have a chance to take cover.
This capability, while less relevant in Western counterinsurgency doctrine,
has proven useful in recent conflicts in Ukraine and Syria. However, most rocket artillery systems
used in those conflicts are Russian or Soviet. What does NATO have to compare?
Here are what could be considered the best rocket artillery systems NATO has to offer:
1. M270 MLRS
In the 1980s, the United States developed the M270 MLRS, the most common rocket
artillery system in NATO. It is fielded by the United States, the United Kingdom, France,
Germany, Greece, Italy and Turkey. It shoots 227mm rockets, twelve of
which are held in two six-rocket pods. During the Cold War, the standard rocket was the M26
cluster rocket, which held 644 dual-purpose submunitions. Nowadays, due to treaties on
cluster munitions, a new rocket with a unitary high explosive warhead is being fielded.
The system is designed to be quickly reloaded via swapping the pods. The MLRS is also designed
to fire the ATACMS tactical guided missile, which can be set in place of one rocket pod.
2. M142 HIMARS
The HIMARS in some ways can be considered the MLRS’ smaller cousin. Featuring more modern
fire control (which is being retrofitted to the M270 in the M270A1 variant), the HIMARS only
can mount one six-rocket pod to the MLRS’ two. The system is significantly more strategically
mobile compared to the M270, as it is C-130 transportable. It is also cheaper to maintain than
the M270 since it is mounted on a truck chassis. However, this limits its tactical mobility.
The system has seen recent interest with NATO nations, with Poland buying
twenty launchers in late 2018. Romania also bought the HIMARS in early 2018.
3. RM-70
Although designed for Warsaw Pact countries during the Cold War, RM-70 launchers continue
to serve in NATO arsenals in Central Europe. Based on the proven Tatra truck chassis,
RM-70 launchers can even serve as a budget alternative to the HIMARS, as Slovak companies
have offered to convert RM-70s to be able to mount a NATO-standard 6-round 227mm rocket pack.
However, even with the original 122mm rockets (the same as on the Soviet BM-21 Grad),
the RM-70 is a formidable launcher. Unlike the Grad, the long 8x8 truck chassis
allows for the carriage of a single full 40-rocket reload in front of the launcher.
4. LAROM
In addition to the HIMARS, Romania also fields a lighter Grad-alike rocket system.
The LAROM is a version of Israel’s LAR-160 rocket launcher mounted on a simple truck chassis.
The ability to use Israeli 160mm rockets provides a significant increase of
capability over a regular Grad launcher. The Israeli rockets have cluster munition
warheads and are mounted on pods to allow for fast reloading in the field.
In contrast, a regular Grad launcher like those found on the BM-21 or RM-70 has to be loaded
tube by tube by a crew. However, a podded reload requires a crane on an ammunition support vehicle.
The LAROM can use both a standard Grad
array as well as Israeli pods depending on its configuration.
5. T-300 Kasirga
The Turkish T-300 Kasirga is perhaps the only NATO rocket artillery system
that could truly be considered a “heavy” system like the Russian/Soviet BM-30 Smerch.
Firing massive 300mm rockets, the T-300 is one of the longest ranged rocket artillery systems in the
NATO arsenal, with the rockets capable of reaching out to 100 km. This is significantly longer than
the 70 km that the M270 can reach with M30/M31 GMLRS rockets, although rockets in development
may extend the M270’s range out to 150 km. The T-300 also has one of the largest warheads
of an artillery rocket in NATO inventory. The M31 has a unitary warhead weight of 90 kg.
This is far less than the T-300’s 150 kg warhead or the Smerch’s massive 243 kg.