hi welcome to inkvid.com i'm adam in
today's video we're going to look at
some more advanced grammar we're going
to look at the noun clause now you may
have seen my previous video where i did
an introduction to subordinate clauses
today i'm going to look at only one only
the noun clause get a little bit deeper
into it show you some examples show you
how it works how to build it when to use
it etc so before we begin let's review
what is a clause
a clause is a combination of words that
must contain a subject and a verb okay
now every sentence has at least one
independent clause the noun clause is a
dependent clause okay i'm going to write
that here it's a dependent
what that means is that this clause
cannot be a sentence by itself it is
always part of a sentence that contains
an independent clause but
the noun clause can be part of the
independent clause and we're going to
see that in a moment
but before we do that we also have to
look at the conjunctions okay so these
are the words the conjunctions are the
words that join
the noun clause to its independent
clause or that begin the noun clause
okay and again we're going to look at
examples so these are the ones you need
to know that which who whom
whose what if whether when where how why
and then
who whoever whomever whenever wherever
whatever whichever these can all be
conjunctions now you have to be careful
with a few of them some of these can
also be conjunctions to adjective
clauses which will be a different video
lesson entirely
and you also have to
remember that this clause in particular
that
is quite often removed
means it's it's understood to be there
it's implied but we don't actually have
to write it or say it when we're using
the noun clause and again we're going to
look at examples of that another thing
to remember is that only some of these
can be both the conjunction the thing
that starts the clause and the subject
of the clause so for example which can
be the subject who can be the subject
whom is always an object never a subject
and what
can be the subject
who
whoever
whatever whichever can also be subjects
so i'm going to put an s
for these okay so it's very important to
remember these because
sometimes you have to recognize that it
is both the conjunction and the clause
and recognize it as a noun clause now of
course it will be much easier to
understand all this when we see actual
examples so let's do that
okay so now we're going to look at
when to use the noun clause and how to
use the noun clause so noun clauses have
basically four
uses okay
or actually five but one of them is
similar
first of all we're going to look at it
as the subject
so a noun clause can be the subject of
a clause of an independent clause so
let's look at this example what she wore
to the party really turns some heads
so what is the noun clause what she wore
to the party
okay so here's our conjunction
here's our subject
and here's our verb
okay
and then here's another verb
now
remember in every sentence you're gonna
have
one tense verb will have one subject
that corresponds to it here i have two
tense verbs which means i need two
subjects so the subject for war is she
the subject for returned is the entire
clause
this is the noun clause subject to this
verb
okay turned what some head and here we
have the object of the whole sentence so
this sentence is essentially svo so we
have an independent clause but
the subject of the independent clause is
a noun clause so although you have one
independent clause this is still a
complex sentence because we're using an
independent and a subordinate and a
dependent clause to build it
now here the conjunction is separate
from the
subject itself we're going to look at
other examples soon
here whoever wants to know should ask me
so if you're not sure about what's going
on with clauses a good hint a good way
to understand any sentence is to first
of all identify the verbs now it doesn't
mean you identify all the verbs identify
all the tense verbs so in this case we
have
wants and here we have an infinitive so
this is not a tense verb it's just an
infinitive verb and here we have should
ask
now a modal is considered part of the
tense verb it's part of the main verb of
a clause so now i have two verbs of
course i need two subjects so
here's my subject for want
and here
is my subject
to should ask
who should ask me whoever wants to know
okay so i still have a noun clause as
the subject for the main verb and this
is your object and wants also has its
own object so the whole svo svp sva
applies whether you're in in the
dependent clause or whether you're in an
independent clause and if your noun
clause is part of the independent clause
all the rules still apply think of this
as one subject with its verb and object
here's your subject verb and object and
they work together so noun clause as
subject now we're going to look at the
next example here we have
noun clause as object
or
subject
complement
just to refresh your memory an object
answers the question what or whom about
the verb a subject complement answers
what or whom about the subject so let's
look at the first example
so please ask mom what we're having for
dinner
so what is the subject here of course
you
because this is an imperative ask who
mom
this is indirect object
hope you can see the io indirect object
now please ask mom what what should you
ask her
what
we are having for dinner
so
here we have our conjunction what here
we have our subject we
are having is our verb
and for dinner
is your adverb
okay
so now this whole thing is the object
let me try to not make it too messy here
object to the verb
ask
okay subject
verb
object
conjunction subject verb and then we
have our adverb there
but we're working on an object here's
another example
do you know so now we're looking at it
as a question and this is one of the
things you have to be careful about
noun clauses are clauses they're not
questions so when you see the word what
it doesn't mean necessarily that it's a
question a good hint a good way to
understand that it's not a question that
it's a noun clause is that the subject
comes before the verb
in a question
the verb the subject the verb will come
before the subject what are we having
for dinner
okay
do you know if she's coming so do you
know so u is the subject no is the verb
no what
so now you need an object to the verb no
so there it is
well without the question mark but do
you understand that if she is coming
if is the conjunction subject is she is
coming is your verb and you have a full
clause and the full clause acts as the
object
to no
so far so good now when do we use a
subject complement generally when we
have a be verb as your main verb or any
copular or linking verb like seem
appears or looks like these are not
action verbs they're just situation
verbs and so we use them like a be verb
like an equal sign and we're talking
about the subject so paul
isn't so paul is your subject
is not is your verb is not what
what is generally considered handsome
subject
verb
split up okay considered handsome is
what
the object to considered
but
so is considered handsome is the subject
complement tells you about
paul
paul is like
not
handsome
but not you can't say not directly
handsome just most people look at him
they wouldn't think he's a handsome
person general idea okay but again
subject verb subject complement
subject verb object etc subject
verb object or whatever
as you must understand how the
independent clause works in order to be
able to use the noun clauses properly in
their positions but so far we've looked
at noun clause as subject noun clause is
object noun clause is subject complement
we still have to look at two more uses
of the noun clause let's look at those
now
okay so now we're going to look at the
other two types of noun clauses or the
other two uses of the noun clause
the first one we're going to look at is
the object again
but this time we're looking at the
object of a preposition
so in this case what is a preposition
words like for about two so these are
prepositions and prepositions take
objects so we can use a noun clause as
an object to a preposition
sarah should not be held responsible
for
so now i'm giving you an explanation
what she shouldn't be responsible for
for what her brother does so again
here's your noun clause
and it is the object of for and the
whole expression with the preposition is
a compliment to be held responsible i'm
completing the meaning but this is not
this is where you have to be careful
it's not an object to the verb should
not be held it's an object to the
position for here's another example
and here i'm going to have two so
sometimes remember an object a sentence
can have many objects just like a noun
clause can be used many times it's more
a question of so here's your preposition
of whom she set it to
then and here is this is another
preposition
then why she said it so whom she set it
to is more
the thing we need to understand more
than why she said it but again it
doesn't matter because here's your
here's your first one
here's your first noun clause notice i'm
using whom because it's to whom
okay
and then why she said it so here's
another
noun clause object
object here object here it doesn't
matter what preposition you're using but
if it needs an object you can use a noun
clause for that
and then we have the adjective
complement
adjective complement
so sometimes we have a sentence that's
complete
but then we want to give a bit more
information because although the
sentence is complete the idea is
complete
it needs more information so i shouldn't
say that the idea
is not necessarily complete but the
sentence is complete and can stand on
its own it's an independent so i am
happy
complete sentence i am happy it's a
complete idea as well but
there are many reasons to be happy so i
want to give more information to make it
a more
complete idea so then i can add an a
noun clause with that
now you notice i put it between brackets
why because i can take it out
i am happy that you've decided to come
or
i am happy you've decided to come
now more often than not people will take
this out
why because extra words we don't need
them you understand it's there just
concentrate on what i'm saying so again
subject verb to come object all of this
is giving me more information about
the happy
happy why
that you've decided to come
i'm unsure
i am unsure again complete sentence
technically but
there's a reason you're not sure right
so you want to complete this idea with a
noun clause
i'm not i'm unsure if he's coming
conjunction now be careful if is also an
adverb conjunction but this is not an
adverb situation this is a noun clause
conjunction subject verb that's it
complete clause
now one last thing i want to mention
remember i said a noun clause can be a
subject it can be an object so you can
have a sentence
that the subject is a noun clause and
the object is a noun clause so it looks
very complicated but it's not
that she might be right
this is your noun clause subject is is
your main verb what frightens me
noun clause again as subject complement
her being right scares me
is another way to say it but some people
like to have very fancy very long
sentences and again why would i write
that she might be right is what
frightens me and not
if it's scary that she might be right
like with this kind of sentence both are
okay
this one will be more emphatic people
will listen to this sentence or read the
sentence with more attention because
it's long because you started a sentence
with that which is not very common so
you're forcing something you're forcing
the reader if it's written to take
attention to give attention
not very commonly used in spoken english
but it is sometimes in written english
much more common
last sentence
how you go about doing your work
should not affect when you get it done
how you go about doing your work so how
you work
your should not affect this is your main
verb
when you get it done
i don't care how you do your work that's
not important how you do it is how you
do it when you finish is more important
to me and how you do it should have no
bearing should have no effect on
when you finish it if you finish it at
the deadline but again we're not too
worried about the meaning right now
we're worried about the structure
noun clause subject main verb noun
clause object complete sentence the
whole thing
is technically an independent clause
but again
it's considered a complex sentence
because it uses both sim both sorry
independent and dependent clauses
to build it now i've given you a lot of
information today i know it might be a
little bit confusing
make sure that you have a bit of
background there's a good lesson i did
on the sentence types simple compound
complex compound complex so four
sentence types you should review that
video it will help a little bit with
this as well and this might also help
you understand that lesson
i also did an introduction
lesson to dependent clauses if you want
you can review that this gets a little
bit more
detail
of course i will also make videos about
the adjective clause and the adverb
clause they will come later you will see
those and there's also going to be a
lesson about the or there is a lesson
about the independent clause where i
explain all the pieces in a little bit
more detail
this is advanced grammar but if you're
going to be
writing you need to know this stuff and
if you have some problems reading
especially if you're taking a test ielts
toefl
cae whatever test you're taking if
you're having problems with some of the
readings
knowing how to identify clauses will
help you a lot in understanding what is
written there okay
so i hope this is all clear i hope you
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if you have any questions about this
please go to ingvid.com
there's a forum there you can ask your
questions i'll be happy to answer them
there's also a quiz there that you can
practice and get some more examples of
noun clauses and make sure you
understand them
and of course come back get a lot more
great lessons at invid and see you again
soon bye
you