to a physicist and you've studied black holes why are they so important from a theoretical point of
view because they lead to a major puzzle they lead to what i would call a conflict of principles the
biggest events in the history of theoretical physics and maybe in physics itself is when
principles that you deeply believe clash and when principles clash that's where progress is made
black holes have boggled the minds of astronomers and astrophysicists since their discovery in 1964.
the topic of thrilling feature films for years now black holes float somewhat aimlessly through
our universe and their strength can only be detected by how much they absorb although we
are able to identify them and how far they are from our solar system they tend to be a little
like spiders lurking in your home they could be anywhere every galaxy has a black hole at its core
today we're going to take a look at 10 of the strongest black holes in our known universe
messier 87 generally referred to as m87 was discovered in 1781 by the french astronomer
charles messier this super giant elliptical galaxy is found in the constellation of virgo its jet of
plasma free of electrons extends outward from its core for a distance of roughly 5 000 light years
at its core we find a supermassive black hole with a mass 6.5 billion times larger
than the mass of the earth's sun and a diameter of 24 billion miles across
more recently the m87 black hole was given the name hawaii meaning an embellished dark
source of unending creation by larry kimura a hawaiian language professor
also discovered by charles messier on the same night he discovered m87 along with 13 others
messier 88 appears in virgo's neighboring constellation homeoparenesis the supermassive
black hole core is said to be 80 million times larger than the mass of our sun at 47 million
light years from earth m88 can be seen through binoculars in a dark environment on a clear night
unlike its neighbor m87 with a smooth jet of plasma m88 has spiral arms that
extend outward from its core which rotate at a speed of roughly 241 kilometers per second
messier 60 discovered by johann gottfried kohler in 1779 is an elliptical galaxy bearing no spiral
arms much like its neighbor m87 its supermassive black hole core is one of the largest ever found
a whopping four and a half billion times as massive as the sun
found in the constellation of virgo m60 is roughly 54 million light years away from earth
and is considered inactive which means it does not heat surrounding gases and therefore allows
for approaching gases to cool down and produce a large number of stars although one of the largest
black holes discovered it lacks the fuel needed to eject star destroying outbursts at the core of
the elliptical galaxy 3c348 also known as hercules a in the region of the constellation of hercules
is a supermassive black hole roughly two and a half billion times larger than the mass of our sun
known as being the brightest radio emitting object in the hercules constellation it emits
roughly one billion times more power through its radio waves than our sun and is considered one
of the brightest extra galactic radio sources in the sky the jets emitted from this black
hole are very high energy plasma beams and were discovered to be ring-like in their outer regions
which may imply that this black hole has been through a number of outbursts during its existence
it has been said that the reason for this could be a merging companion elliptical galaxy
ngc 3842 is another elliptical galaxy bearing no spiral arms
found in the constellation of leo its monster black hole is 9.7 billion times larger than the
mass of our sun and span some 4 000 light years across for perspective that's 2500
times larger than the black hole from our milky way and seven times larger than pluto's orbit
the galaxy itself discovered by astronomer and music composer william herschel can be found
some 330 million light years from earth ngc 3842 has been termed to be living in early retirement
the ton 618 boasts a black hole roughly 66 billion times larger than the mass of our sun and has more
recently been classified as an ultra massive black hole found in the borders of the canis finitici
and como berenices constellations its distance from earth is roughly 10.4 billion light years
this active ultra massive black hole draws an extremely hot gas and matter v in its accretion
disk shining at 140 trillion times brighter than our sun it is one of the brightest objects in
the known universe with a diameter of 390 million kilometers which is 40 times the distance between
neptune and our sun discovered in 1937 by eric holmberg the holmberg 15a galaxy can be found
in the cetus constellation roughly 700 million light years from earth its ultra massive black
hole is considered 40 billion times larger than the mass of our sun the reason for its
enormous size has been accredited to a number of galactic mergers which literally cleaned out
the center of this galaxy throwing out billions of stars and therefore reducing its brightness
however holmberg 15a still manages to shine as bright as 650 billion suns put together
over 22 billion light years from earth s5001481's core is said to be the result of a combination of
supernovae direct collapse of black holes and rapid merges at 40 billion times larger than
the mass of our sun it is considered one of the most massive ever discovered six times larger
than the value of messier 87. its diameter is set to be 236.7 billion kilometers across
or roughly 40 times the radius of pluto's orbit s5001481 is said to be one of the fastest forming
black holes become an apparent just 1.6 billion years after the big bang it is also one of the
strongest in our universe with a life expectancy that should see it through to the black hole era
the marcarian 501 or mrk 501 is a galaxy known for being one of the highest gamma-ray emitters in the
universe and it's considered one of the brightest objects in our sky first studied in death by
benjamin markarian in 1974 it was thought of as a possible binary black hole which consists of
two black holes orbiting each other it has since then been an object of study for this exact reason
with focus on the physical processes within the jets of active galactic nuclei
as well as the variations of the speed of light found in the constellation of hercules
it is recorded to undergo outbursts far more violent than those of others with plasma jets
moving at 99.8 percent of the speed of light roughly 456 million light years away from the
earth mrk is possibly one of the most eluding black holes if not the most widely studied
found in the constellation of virgo 3c273 was one of the first extra galactic x-ray sources
ever discovered by astronomer alan sandage in the early 1960s its supermassive black hole has a mass
300 million times larger than the mass of our sun at visible wavelengths 3c 273 is 4 trillion
times as luminous as the sun with jets producing energy across the entire spectrum from radio waves
to visible light to x-rays it has been considered that at the very core of a black hole is infinity
which is why we can never reach the center of one completely the best way to think of infinity is to
think of it as the space between atoms although atoms are very tightly packed together there
is still a margin of somewhat microscopic space between them this space between atoms is thought
of as a vacuum that holds everything together much like vacuum and sealing a food product so
that it remains in its original state without this vacuum structures would fall apart there
would be nothing holding them in place together there would be no three-dimensional reality if
there were no vacuum but it is of course invisible the vacuum itself has been termed a singularity
a point in which the more obvious known and understood laws of physics become null and void
the background behind atoms becomes endless and as a result cannot be measured it is one-dimensional
with no end in a one-dimensional reality nothing exists yet nothing except the dimension itself
much like the surface of a canvas a painter would use to create their art this is what it's like
at the core of a black hole for life to work as we know it energy relies on the
play between positive and negative ions when protons and electrons collide energy is formed
enough energy to build molecules cells structures and eventually even planets if you were to imagine
a black hole filled with an infinite amount of heated positive ions you'd understand that they
become somewhat obsessed with pulling negatively charged electrons toward themselves with the aim
of actually creating something new this intense force is so strong that it actually carries weight
even though it's just a force this theory of play between positive and negative is found at the core
of evolution itself and such interactions between the charges brought about the building blocks of
life that create our three-dimensional reality with these facts in mind we can calculate the mass
of atoms being drawn into a black hole vacuum but would not be able to calculate the exact strength
of the black hole singularity itself because we are unable to calculate infinity we can estimate
though via a simpler equation which involves calculating the velocity of an object before
and after it hits a targeted surface at the point of impact we find the value of momentum
and this number is used to determine the mass of the targeted surface to its core
it's not difficult to understand now why black holes have boggled the minds of scientists for
generations there are countless numbers of them in our universe and when we consider the sizes of
the 10 mentioned in this video we begin to see in our mind's eye just how vastly huge the universe
really is beyond those already found using our current technology there may very well be hundreds
more once again it is up to us as humans to fathom the concept of infinity when we finally do we'll
realize that everything above our earth's surface is space a playground for humanity in the future
and it is never ending as for the earth ever being pulled back into a black hole it's not impossible
of course however it's unlikely that anyone alive today will ever experience such an event
so what do you think is the most interesting thing about a black hole maybe you have some unanswered
questions let us know in the comments below and as always thanks for watching fact nominal