welcome to TTI and welcome to a whole new world of science today we're going
to explore the seven most unique materials that you would think would
have to be from the world of science fiction but stay tuned because we're
going to reveal the science behind us sir my friend sit back relax and enjoy
video ultra hydrophobic material generally there is some interaction
between solid and liquid but it's difficult to imagine these unique tiny
drops that are unable to wet the surface of a material science has made some
great progress in recent decades in the field of hydrophobicity and opening a
wide range of application
the hydrophobic surface is based on the Lotus effect this effect was discovered
in the 1970s from the microscopic observations of the natural hydrophobic
properties of the surface of a lotus leaf the Lotus plant is comprised of an
adhesive nonpolar and wax-like substance which is what causes the Lotus effect or
hydrophobicity which is featured by the lotus flower which always appears clean
despite growing in muddy areas
research in this field is very advanced and focused on finding a material with
the highest level of water repellency to achieve a material extremely water
repellent which would be a huge help for many industrial fields this is a live
demo of a hydrophobic surface it's water repellency is investigated by simply
insulating it and dipping it in water the insulated device is protected by
water damage which we extremely love for our smartphones during the rain in
addition your walls can be protected from any dirt after being coated with
this magic materials
triiodide nitrogen triiodide is one of the chemical compounds which is highly
unstable it can be detonated by contact or anybody labels nitrogen triiodide is
the molecule consisting of single nitrogen atom which is bonded by three
iodine atoms it's structure is similar to a pyramid with nitrogen at the tip
and iodine is much larger than those of nitrogen telling each other
you might have heard that nitroglycerin which is another type of contact
explosive can go off when you hit it with a hammer while iodide with its
ammonia should be kept in moist conditions in a dark place where it is
stable but if it's sufficiently dried at the right moment it can blow up from
just the slightest disturbance this explosion releases a purple iodine vapor
which is irritating and can actually be toxic with extended exposure in fact on
April 1st it earned the credit for being a highly explosive substance sharing the
same core as the famous nitroglycerin
hydrogels hydrogel is a gel polymer able to absorb water 30 to 60 times its own
volume and it's able to change its size under the influence of temperature it's
composed of small white crystals that are able to absorb a lot of water
the total absorbency and swelling capacity are controlled by the type and
degree of cross linkers used to make the gel thanks to its amazing water
absorption capacity it's used in greenhouses and agricultural nurseries
to retain water and moisture in soil for a much longer time in recent years the
hydrogel has been used as a single plan substrate this product is also getting
attention in the field of decorative ornamentation indoors
the material also is commonly used for medical purposes for tissue engineering
and in sustained-release systems of medications nitinol nitinol is composed
of nickel and titanium in almost equal proportions it has the special ability
to rebound to its original form even after you mold it into different shapes
a phenomenon called the memory effect which is driven by heat exchanges it is
able to repeat this process many times over without losing the ability to
regain its original shape
this material has a wide range of applications in the fields of
electronics and mechanics it can also be used in smartphones robotics and medical
industries development and continuation of this material is very expensive but
this problem can be solved by the mass production of the material in the coming
years
metal gallium gallium metal is one of the least known in a scientific field
this strange metal is very mysterious and difficult to understand for members
of the scientific community gallium is a soft metal which is a brittle solid at
low temperatures and liquid at temperatures greater than twenty nine
point seven six degrees Celsius if you keep it in the palm of your hand for
just a few minutes your body heat will cause the solid metal to gradually turn
to a liquid gallium has the same metallic color in both solid and liquid
forms upon solidification into a mold it becomes just like this coin this metal
is very cool because it's a non-toxic material but it's certainly not cheap
one kilogram of this metal costs three thousand dollars which is an extremely
high price that goes to show just how much it must cost to extract it aerogel
also known as frozen smoke aerogel is a broad term used to talk about a special
group of materials they have been used since the early 1960s in space travel
but scientists are now finding multiple uses thanks to its properties the
aerogel is the lightest solid material that exists today its chemical structure
is similar to glass but its density is a thousand times lower and it's only three
times as dense as air because it contains 99% air ingredients with silica
gels despite its low weight this material is very strong
it has heat insulation properties that have been exploited by NASA engineers to
the fullest NASA use this material in several of its
spacecrafts to provide heat protection from the Sun today the aerogel is used
in the detection of nuclear radiation absorption of long-lived nuclear waste
thermal insulation and detection of harmful microorganisms magnetic Thinking
Putty this stuff is pretty cool to play with this magnetic monster is so amazing
and full of fun it can be created by simply adding ferric iron oxide powder
to regular silly putty and then the putty becomes ferromagnetic only strong
magnets that are also ferromagnetic will be engulfed by this tiny Magnum monster
if you place a Ferro magnet in the magnetic field it will experience a
force that pulls into a region of stronger magnetic strength ferrofluid
I'm sure a lot of us know the film Lucy starring Scarlett Johansson and if
you've seen it you probably remember the cool VFX black creature at the end
which also appeared in the spider-man movie as the venom what would you say if
I told you not only is it real but you can make it by yourself this blackish
liquid is known as ferrofluid and it's made up of ferrous iron and vegetable
oil in appropriate proportions this material appears to come alive when it
comes close to a monster magnet which causes it to form spikes on the surface
which almost looks like a defensive barrier of a porcupine this is the
world's first automatic ferrofluid display which can be used in decorations
it's difficult to freeze so you would need more liquid nitrogen it forms i
catching spiky designs that might make you think it's magic fluid but in the
words of bill nye it's not magic its science liquid nitrogen
this is another awesomely cool material that hovers at temperatures below
negative 190 degrees Celsius if your refrigerator ever stopped working this
would be a pretty extreme way to keep things cold liquid nitrogen freezes
things it's so solid they can easily be shattered into thousands of pieces so
beware thieves they can use the substance to freeze and shatter locks
keeping your belongings safe liquid nitrogen can be dangerous if it
comes into extended contact with your skin you can freeze and enjoy
watermelons but eating the frozen watermelon is not so easy with liquid
nitrogen you can also make your own ice cream dry ice
do you love having fun with science well you'll probably enjoy dry ice it is the
dry form of carbon dioxide with this you can do pretty exciting things you can
make your own heavenly swimming pool with beautiful non toxic fumes which is
appealing to everyone's eyes if the swimming pool is not enough you can
enjoy it in your home and make your celebrations full of fun this is the
ultimate material for fun but it can be dangerous in some situations dry ice in
closed bottles may lead to an explosion
you can also make your own jelly volcano as well you can make your own carbonated
soda which is really very tasty and cool it tastes like just like a sword oh I
can't believe how much carbonated it is one more thing these guys made the
world's first dry ice spinner which is really awesome
black fire snake you love watching snakes well this is a
little different but still pretty cool you can burn baking soda to see a
monster snake appear through the fire the thickness of the snake depends on
the amount and shape of the materials which have to be ignited it's black in
color but if you use mercury salt its color will be different then it's known
as the Ferro serpent seeing these fire snakes bring back so many wonderful
childhood memories number five magical fire many of us have seen avatar
and know how cool the firebending is some people can control fire in
mind-boggling ways like this person taking the flame into their hand
something we do not recommend you try yourself
this basic trick is to have flammable hand sanitizer which burns up quickly
after lighting it on fire some people try to hold the flames but don't
it's very dangerous if you don't know what you're doing just sodium metal the
chemistry here is amazing we typically use water to stop fire but in some cases
water can produce flames and dangerous explosions this is an alkaline metal and
soft enough that you can cut through it like ice cream with a blade whenever it
comes into contact with water a chain reaction starts producing large amounts
of flammable hydrogen gas because of the highly exothermic reaction it explodes
rapidly it is not really a good idea to play with it as it can run into highly
explosive and irreversible destruction especially don't flush it down the
toilet even by mistake because the results will
not be good
and if for some reason their sodium metal in your pocket and you jump into
the water for a swim that only God can save you one more thing the mixing of
sodium and potassium forms an alloy which is also a highly explosive
substance but many chemists use it in element detection and chemical analysis
burning calories guys most of us have heard that we can burn calories with
exercise but now we are going to explore burning sugar in the presence of oxygen
and the release of energy now this little sugary gummy bear is
ready to be sacrificed on heating with a potassium chloride it breaks down the
sugar molecules now you can hear the amazing sound how cool is this
experiment pretty exciting huh but guys think twice before eating the sugar
eating too much of it can lead to insulin insensitivity and ultimately it
could produce diabetes elephant tooth this is another funny thing that you can
produce by mixing dish soap food colorings yeast and hydrogen peroxide or
potassium iodide in different concentrations it's a pretty cool bubbly
explosion this science kit cannot stop this crazy lab assist in this reaction
the released gases are entrapped in soda bubbles it is really so fast to observe
one more thing you can also make it in beautiful rainbow colors which would be
great for birthday parties super cool
thank you for watching I hope you liked it
now tell me guys which one of these materials do you find the most amazing
and why let me know in the comments and if you're new here then feel free to
subscribe I'll catch you in the next video peace