Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe, brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™ at Thunderbolts.info
Today, to an unprecedented degree, technological advances are bringing the
nature of our solar system's Sun into clearer focus. With ever finer data, the
ability to test competing theoretical models, and hopefully to resolve
mysteries, becomes greater and greater. One such mystery is the unexpectedly hot
temperature of the solar wind as it extends away from the Sun. Recently, a
team of scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison
performed a study to try to find an answer to the puzzle, and their search
led them to the field of plasma physics. A phys.org report describes the
standard interpretation of the hot solar wind conundrum: “With more negatively
charged electrons streaming away, the Sun takes on a positive charge. This makes it
harder for the electrons to escape the Sun's pull. Some electrons have a lot of
energy and keep traveling for infinite distances. Those with less energy can't
escape the Sun's positive charge and are attracted back to the Sun. As they do,
some of those electrons can be knocked off their tracks ever-so-slightly by
collisions with surrounding plasma.” The lead author of the aforementioned study
states: “There is a fundamental dynamical phenomenon that says that particles
whose velocity is not well aligned with the magnetic field lines, are not able to
move into a region of a strong magnetic field. Such returning electrons are
reflected so that they stream away from the Sun, but again they cannot escape
because of the attractive electric force of the Sun. So, their destiny is to bounce
back and forth, creating a large population of so-called trapped
electrons.” At first glance, such language might seem resonant with the Electric
Sun model first proposed by engineer Ralph Juergens
and later developed, and in some respects modified by Dr. Donald Scott and
physicist Wal Thornhill. However, the University of Wisconsin-Madison
scientists propose that a theoretical magnetic process is the mechanism behind
the mysterious solar wind heating. We asked retired Professor of Electrical
Engineering, Dr. Donald Scott for an Electric Sun explanation of the
aforementioned phenomenon. As time goes on, we here in the Electric Universe, are
hearing more and more often about these ”new astronomical discoveries” that
are not really new at all. What is new is there's the recent increase in the
inclusion of electrical ideas in these astronomical press releases. And a good
example is what you just quoted from the University of Wisconsin's press release.
But, although more references are presently being made by astronomers, electrical
topics like electrons and positive ions and their flows and movements and then
separation, astronomers never used to admit that electrons and positive ions can
be separated. But charge separation in space? No, that can’t be. But I still would remind
everybody that the words “current”, ”electric current” and “electric fields”, are
almost always completely absent. And a case in point is on our Electric Sun model,
which has been around a long, long time now, we do have in the model,
inherently, there is charge separation. And I thought, when I read what
you just read, I whimsically went back in my mind and said, well how did all this
Electric Sun thing get started? These guys never heard of it obviously.
Actually it got started back in 1908, when Kristian Birkeland hypothesized
that our auroras were caused by streams of electrically charged particles coming
from the Sun. And everybody, certainly at least in the EU I think, knows that
ad nauseam by now. He was adamantly opposed and ridiculed by
astronomers for these ideas. This went on for decades, even after the poor man had
died. But Birkeland was not forgotten, at least not by us. But this press release
says that the solar wind was
”discovered” in 1959. Now, that got my attention. I wouldn't mind if they'd said
its existence was verified in ’59, when we sent some Rockets up and saw that, yes there
indeed were charges floating around up there and coming into the North Pole of
the earth. But they act as though Birkeland had never proposed it. They
almost act as though Birkeland had never existed and nobody ever knew about it,
and I kind of resent that. Our present Electric Sun model is the direct result
of Birkeland's original insight, that the auroras are caused by cosmic flows of
electricity. But this model is the result of the work of many researchers from
Kristian Birkeland to Hannes Alfvén, and I humbly add my own name at the end of
that as well. The prime organizer of these ideas about the Sun,
was the late civil engineer Ralph Juergens;
and he had carefully studied the earlier plasma research of the Scottish
mathematician and physicist whose name is C.E.R. Bruce. Bruce had made the first
major change in the theory of how lightning paths function, since their
description by Benjamin Franklin, way back in the dim distant past. And this
work and then Bruce's attendance at Sydney Chapman’s 1941 Kelvin lecture on
the Sun, led Bruce to apply these ideas to cosmic phenomena, and to a new
electric vision of the universe. And that has eventually developed into the
Electric Sun model. In 1970, I read a paper by Juergens about the electrical
properties of the Sun's photosphere and it was published, would you believe, in a
chemical engineering journal by Juergens, who was a civil engineer, about an
electrical phenomenon. Everything Juergens said there, in that paper, was completely
consistent with what I had been taught earlier as a student, and then taught
myself as a professor, about electrical engineering having to do with
plasmas, a good portion of electrical engineers, at least in those days, were into
plasma research. Anyway, reading that paper, I was hooked. I worked for several
years, studying and adding, and trying my best to add to Juergens
basic ideas, and the point being that the Electric Sun model is the product of the
dedicated work of a long, long string of many people for many
years. And these people, like the ones who wrote this memo, never heard of it, I
guess. Anyway, it turns out our present Electric Sun model inherently explains
many, if not all, the solar phenomena that astronomers cannot explain. And they
continue to absolutely ignore its existence. We often hear the phrase
”That process is not completely understood”. Actually, what they
mean is, what they should have said is, “We have no idea why this is going on,
but send us more money and we'll invent another invisible mechanism, or force, to
explain it”. A prime example of these processes that they don't know too much
about, is the solar wind, which they do mention in this press release. But
Birkeland suggested its existence and the Electric Sun models gives us a clear
explanation of the structure and exactly where it comes from, and why it behaves as it
does. And, for example, the article does not mention the fact that the solar wind
comes in - and it’s well-known - two different varieties. There's the fast solar wind
and the slow solar wind, and they're two different manifestations, two different
varieties of the same animal, the solar wind itself. The fast solar wind is a
flow of ions and electrons that has high velocity, but it's not very dense, there are
very few ions in it. And it comes out of the tops of the
photospheric tufts, which make up the surface of the photosphere, which are
highly charged regions that hold back the flood of ions that would otherwise
result. In other words, you've got this bunch of things that are positively charged. They
repel other positive charges and these positive charges within the Sun are
trying to escape. These tufts line up, almost like a bunch of soldiers, and
prevent the escape of these other inside ions. Ions that do get over the top of
the tufts though, then fall through the energy drop of the voltage of the tufts,
pretty much like the water that falls over the top of an overfilled dam. There’re
not too many of them that manage to do it. to get over there, but the ones
that do, fall the whole distance, all the way down the face of the dam. And this
is what gives them their high velocity. But relatively few of them can make the
trip, and so that's why the fast solar solar wind is very low density. On the
other hand, the slow solar wind, has only about half the velocity of the fast
wind, but it's quite dense; many more particles per unit volume. And it comes
from sunspots and other disturbed regions on the Sun's surface, where there
are no tufts to hold them back. So it's like somebody poked a hole in the dam,
and therefore this flow is very dense, many ions per unit volume, nothing to
really prevent their escape. But, since they're not accelerated by falling
through a large voltage drop, their maximum velocities are only about half
of that of the fast wind particles. Anyway, this explanation of the two
varieties of the solar wind is inherent in the in the Electric Sun model. It
mimics the operation of a PNP transistor. I'm an electrical engineer and I
understand that. It's no wonder astronomers shun our Electric Universe ideas and
they find that the explanation of this mechanism is not well understood, because
they don't know anything about electrical engineering. Anyway, I hope
that everybody knows that the SAFIRE project, which most people, I think are
beginning to have heard about, was organized, funded and manned through the
kind generosity of the patrons who support the Electric Universe, for one
major purpose. The purpose of SAFIRE was to test the validity of the Electric
Sun model in every possible way. Montgomery Childs, the director of SAFIRE
and chief investigator, has publicly announced that this has been
done and that the Electric Sun model has passed each and every test they could
throw at it. Yet it is ignored by astrophysicists.
Also, some peripheral results from SAFIRE are interesting to note.
For example, many astrophysicists have claimed for years, that there cannot be
any strong electric fields within cosmic plasma. That they would be shorted out by
the near-perfect conductivity of the plasma. Plasma is very highly conductive
in certain directions. But one day, the SAFIRE team measured electric field
strengths in the SAFIRE chamber of over 8,000
volts per meter; and they maintained it, it was were static, and it
lived happily inside the plasma, held in the SAFIRE project. Anyway, this shows that
the observed acceleration of the fast solar wind particles, which cannot be
explained by any other mechanism, can easily be explained by an electrically
charged Sun. And I make reference to that first sentence in that quote of the
press release. It says, “With more negatively charged electrons streaming
away, the Sun takes on a positive charge.” Yes, yes, they got that right: it does take on
a positive charge, not for the reasons they suggest, but that positively charged
Sun is responsible for the acceleration of the solar wind, which they didn't
really mention. The strength of the required electric field to accelerate the fast
solar wind, has been calculated - I did it, and other people have done it - to not be
greater than about seven tenths of a microvolt per meter. Seven tenths of a
millionth of a volt per meter and this only requires the solar voltage to be
around 2,700 volts. So Juergens, in his first paper, was thinking about 10 to the 10th
volts or some monstrous voltage on the Sun. From our observations, at least other than
observations of the solar wind acceleration, it doesn't have to be
anything even close to that. So, the Electric Universe ideas, of which the
Electric Sun model is one of the most important, I submit, is getting to be like
the elephant in the room. They know about it, they don't want to see it, and they
don't want to discuss it. I hope that soon they will have to.
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