Let's now see if we can divide into larger numbers.
And just as a starting point, in order to divide into larger
numbers, you at least need to know your multiplication tables
from the 1-multiplication tables all the way to, at
least, the 10-multiplication.
So all the way up to 10 times 10, which you know is 100.
And then, starting at 1 times 1 and going up to 2 times 3, all
the way up to 10 times 10.
And, at least when I was in school, we learned
through 12 times 12.
But 10 times 10 will probably do the trick.
And that's really just the starting point.
Because to do multiplication problems like this, for
example, or division problems like this.
Let's say I'm taking 25 and I want to divide it by 5.
So I could draw 25 objects and then divide them into groups of
5 or divide them into 5 groups and see how many elements
are in each group.
But the quick way to do is just to think about, well
5 times what is 25, right?
5 times question mark is equal to 25.
And if you know your multiplication tables,
especially your 5-multiplication tables,
you know that 5 times 5 is equal to 25.
So something like this, you'll immediately just be able to
say, because of your knowledge of multiplication, that 5
goes into 25 five times.
And you'd write the 5 right there.
Not over the 2, because you still want to be careful
of the place notation.
You want to write the 5 in the ones place.
It goes into it 5 ones times, or exactly five times.
And the same thing.
If I said 7 goes into 49.
That's how many times?
Well you say, that's like saying 7 times what-- you could
even, instead of a question mark, you could put a blank
there --7 times what is equal to 49?
And if you know your multiplication tables, you know
that 7 times 7 is equal to 49.
All the examples I've done so far is a number
multiplied by itself.
Let me do another example.
Let me do 9 goes into 54 how many times?
Once again, you need to know your multiplication
tables to do this.
9 times what is equal to 54?
And sometimes, even if you don't have it memorized, you
could say 9 times 5 is 45.
And 9 times 6 would be 9 more than that, so that would be 54.
So 9 goes into 54 six times.
So just as a starting point, you need to have your
multiplication tables from 1 times 1 all the way up the
10 times 10 memorized.
In order to be able to do at least some of these more basic
problems relatively quickly.
Now, with that out of the way, let's try to do some problems
that's might not fit completely cleanly into your
multiplication tables.
So let's say I want to divide-- I am looking
to divide 3 into 43.
And, once again, this is larger than 3 times 10 or 3 times 12.
Actually, look.
Well, let me do another problem.
Let me do 3 into 23.
And, if you know your 3-times tables, you realize that
there's 3 times nothing is exactly 23.
I'll do it right now.
3 times 1 is 3.
3 times 2 is 6.
Let me just write them all out.
3 times 3 is 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, right?
There's no 23 in the multiples of 3.
So how do you do this division problem?
Well what you do is you think of what is the largest multiple
of 3 that does go into 23?
And that's 21.
And 3 goes into 21 how many times?
Well you know that 3 times 7 is equal to 21.
So you say, well 3 will go into 23 seven times.
But it doesn't go into it cleanly because
7 times 3 is 21.
So there's a remainder left over.
So if you take 23 minus 21, you have a remainder of 2.
So you could write that 23 divided by 3 is equal to 7
remainder-- maybe I'll just, well, write the whole
word out --remainder 2.
So it doesn't have to go in completely cleanly.
And, in the future, we'll learn about decimals and fractions.
But for now, you just say, well it goes in cleanly 7 times,
but that only gets us to 21.
But then there's 2 left over.
So you can even work with the division problems where it's
not exactly a multiple of the number that you're dividing
into the larger number.
But let's do some practice with even larger numbers.
And I think you'll see a pattern here.
So let's do 4 going into-- I'm going to pick a pretty
large number here --344.
And, immediately when you see that you might say, hey Sal, I
know up to 4 times 10 or 4 times 12.
4 times 12 is 48.
This is a much larger number.
This is way out of bounds of what I know in my
4-multiplication tables.
And what I'm going to show you right now is a way of doing
this just knowing your 4-multiplication tables.
So what you do is you say 4 goes into this
3 how many times?
And you're actually saying 4 goes into this 3 how
many hundred times?
So this is-- Because this is 300, right?
This is 344.
But 4 goes into 3 no hundred times, or 4 goes into-- I guess
the best way to think of it --4 goes 3 0 times.
So you can just move on.
4 goes into 34.
So now we're going to focus on the 34.
So 4 goes into 34 how many times?
And here we can use our 4-multiplication tables.
4-- Let's see, 4 times 8 is equal to 32.
4 times 9 is equal to 36.
So 4 goes into 34-- 30-- 9 is too many times, right?
36 is larger than 34.
So 4 goes into 34 eight times.
There's going to be a little bit left over.
4 goes in the 34 eights times.
So let's figure out what's left over.
And really we're saying 4 goes into 340 how many ten times?
We're actually saying 4 goes into 340 eighty times.
Because notice we wrote this 8 in the tens place.
But just for our ability to do this problem quickly, you just
say 4 goes into 34 eight times, but make sure you write the 8
in the tens place right there.
8 times 4.
We already know what that is.
8 times 4 is 32.
And then we figure out the remainder.
34 minus 32.
Well, 4 minus 2 is 2.
And then these 3's cancel out.
So you're just left with a 2.
But notice we're in the tens column, right?
This whole column right here, that's the tens column.
So really what we said is 4 goes into 340 eighty times.
80 times 4 is 320, right?
Because I wrote the 3 in the hundreds column.
And then there is-- and I don't want to make this look like a--
I don't want to make this look like a-- Let me clean
this up a little bit.
I didn't want to make that line there look like a-- when I was
dividing the columns --to look like a 1.
But then there's a remainder of 2, but I wrote the
2 in the tens place.
So it's actually a remainder of 20.
But let me bring down this 4.
Because I didn't want to just divide into 340.
I divided into 344.
So you bring down the 4.
Let me switch colors.
And then-- So another way to think about it.
We just said that 4 goes into 344 eighty times, right?
We wrote the 8 in the tens place.
And then 8 times 4 is 320.
The remainder is now 24.
So how many times does 4 go into 24?
Well we know that.
4 times 6 is equal to 24.
So 4 goes into 24 six times.
And we put that in the ones place.
6 times 4 is 24.
And then we subtract.
24 minus 24.
That's-- We subtract at that stage, either case.
And we get 0.
So there's no remainder.
So 4 goes into 344 exactly eighty-six times.
So if your took 344 objects and divided them into groups of
4, you would get 86 groups.
Or if you divided them into groups of 86, you
would get 4 groups.
Let's do a couple more problems.
I think you're getting the hang of it.
Let me do 7-- I'll do a simple one.
7 goes into 91.
So once again, well, this is beyond 7 times 12, which
is 84, which you know from our multiplication tables.
So we use the same system we did in the last problem.
7 goes into 9 how many times?
7 goes into 9 one time.
1 times 7 is 7.
And you have 9 minus 7 is 2.
And then you bring down the 1.
21.
And remember, this might seem like magic, but what we really
said was 7 goes into 90 ten times-- 10 because we wrote the
1 in the tens place --10 times 7 is 70, right?
You can almost put a 0 there if you like.
And 90 with the remainder-- And 91 minus 70 is 21.
So 7 goes into 91 ten times remainder 21.
And then you say 7 goes into 21-- Well you know that.
7 times 3 is 21.
So 7 goes into 21 three times.
3 times 7 is 21.
You subtract these from each other.
Remainder 0.
So 91 divided by 7 is equal to 13.
Let's do another one.
And I won't take that little break to explain the
places and all of that.
I think you understand that.
I want, at least, you to get the process down really
really well in this video.
So let's do 7-- I keep using the number 7.
Let me do a different number.
Let me do 8 goes into 608 how many times?
So I go 8 goes into 6 how many times?
It goes into it 0 time.
So let me keep moving.
8 goes into 60 how many times?
Let me write down the 8.
Let me draw a line here so we don't get confused.
Let me scroll down a little bit.
I need some space above the number.
So 8 goes into 60 how many times?
We know that 8 times 7 is equal to 56.
And that 8 times 8 is equal to 64.
So 8 goes into-- 64 is too big.
So it's not this one.
So 8 goes into 60 seven times.
And there's going to be a little bit left over.
So 8 goes into 60 seven times.
Since we're doing the whole 60, we put the 7 above the ones
place in the 60, which is the tens place in the whole thing.
7 times 8, we know, is 56.
60 minus 56.
That's 4.
We could do that in our heads.
Or if we wanted, we can borrow.
That be a 10.
That would be a 5.
10 minus 6 is 4.
Then you bring down this 8.
8 goes into 48 how many times?
Well what's 8 times 6?
Well, 8 times 6 is exactly 48.
So 8 times-- 8 goes into 48 six times.
6 times 8 is 48.
And you subtract.
We subtracted up here as well.
48 minus 48 is 0.
So, once again, we get a remainder of 0.
So hopefully, that gives you the hang of how to do these
larger division problems.
And all we really need to know to be able to do these, to
tackle these, is our multiplication tables up to
maybe 10 times 10 or 12 times 12.